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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1iglv1b.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Systemic Risk Management<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Systemic Risk Management<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Risk management that sees interdependence, uncertainty, cascading loss and the human consequences of decisions. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/about\/\">Open Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/about\/\">About GCRI<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>6<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>8<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>3<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the work runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"dag\"><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Illustrative<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-systemic-register\" data-cx=\"systemic.register\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Risk register: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Risk register<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Enterprise A \u00b7 Review cycle Q3<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Three risks above appetite<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Systemic Risk Management<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"matrix\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Residual risk<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">likelihood \u00d7 impact, risks per cell<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-chart\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 520 166\" width=\"520\" height=\"166\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-label=\"Residual risk\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-systemic-register-heat\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-fk-note\">Counts of risks per cell. Shading follows the appetite bands.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Above appetite<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-systemic-register-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-systemic-register-t1\" aria-label=\"Above appetite\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Risk<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Owner<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Residual<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Trend<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-systemic-register:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Supplier concentration<\/td><td>Procurement<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>High<\/span><\/td><td data-sv=\"1.662777575198561\">\u25b2 2<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-systemic-register:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Data centre flooding<\/td><td>Operations<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>High<\/span><\/td><td data-sv=\"0.07384968176484108\">\u25b2 0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-systemic-register:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Model error in pricing<\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td data-sv=\"0.25988719752058387\">\u25b2 0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-systemic-register:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Key staff loss<\/td><td>People<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td data-sv=\"-0.7267249790020287\">\u25bc 1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Risk management process, after the international standard<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Scope, context, criteria<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">set<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Identify<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">taxonomy<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Analyse<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">likelihood \u00b7 impact<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Evaluate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">vs appetite<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Treat<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">plans<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Monitor and review<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">KRIs<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Record and report<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">board<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"queue\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Treatment actions<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-q\"><li><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>T-11<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qb\"><span class=\"nx-cx-qt\">Dual-source critical component<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qm\">Owner: procurement \u00b7 overdue<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-age\"><span class=\"nx-cx-n\">13<\/span> d late<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>T-14<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qb\"><span class=\"nx-cx-qt\">Move backup site above flood level<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qm\">Owner: operations<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-age\">due <span class=\"nx-cx-n\">30<\/span> d<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>T-17<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qb\"><span class=\"nx-cx-qt\">Independent model validation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qm\">Owner: finance<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-age\">due <span class=\"nx-cx-n\">28<\/span> d<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Risk register: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Enterprise A.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Risk register: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Simulator, Topics, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Simulator, Topics, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a><\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/programmes\/\">Question in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/stem\/\">Evidence in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/foundry\/\">Build in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/community\/\">Organise in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/universe\/\">Test in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a><\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/reports\/\">Publish in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/trust\/\">Decide in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/programmes\/\">Renew in Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Two stocks, pressure and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 adaptive-capacity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability of a system, institution or community to adjust to actual or expected change, take advantage of opportunities and moderate harm. Adaptive capacity works over longer time horizons than coping.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">adaptive capacity<\/a>, joined by a reinforcing growth loop, a delayed balancing response and damage when pressure outruns capacity; past the threshold the system can tip. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Asia; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-risk-management-0\" data-nxi=\"sd\" data-nxi-id=\"sd\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-risk-management-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stocks over time\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Growth of pressure<\/dt><dd>6.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Efficacy of capacity in reducing pressure<\/dt><dd>4.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Investment response to perceived pressure<\/dt><dd>20%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Perception delay<\/dt><dd>4.0 years<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Tipping threshold of pressure<\/dt><dd>60 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification past the threshold<\/dt><dd>2.0 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years simulated<\/dt><dd>50 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak pressure<\/dt><dd>113 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Capacity at the end<\/dt><dd>186 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years over the threshold<\/dt><dd>15.8 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pressure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Capacity<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Perceived<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>20.0<\/td><td>50.0<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>23.3<\/td><td>44.9<\/td><td>21.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>27.2<\/td><td>42.2<\/td><td>24.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>31.7<\/td><td>42.3<\/td><td>27.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>36.8<\/td><td>45.5<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>42.3<\/td><td>51.5<\/td><td>37.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>47.9<\/td><td>60.3<\/td><td>42.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">28<\/th><td>53.2<\/td><td>71.3<\/td><td>48.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">32<\/th><td>57.8<\/td><td>84.3<\/td><td>53.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">36<\/th><td>66.4<\/td><td>98.4<\/td><td>58.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40<\/th><td>82.7<\/td><td>115.9<\/td><td>69.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">44<\/th><td>97.8<\/td><td>139.7<\/td><td>83.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">48<\/th><td>109.1<\/td><td>169.4<\/td><td>97.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>System dynamics <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics<\/span><\/li><li>Critical transitions and tipping points <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461<\/span><\/li><li>Causal loop diagram <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme&#8217;s own evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: System dynamics (Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics); Critical transitions and tipping points (Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461); Causal loop diagram (Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/foundry\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/universe\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/\">Systemic Risks in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/reports\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/\">Faculty of Risk Science and Methods in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/risk-governance-and-appetite\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Risk governance and appetite<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Authority, objectives and acceptable exposure.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/identification-and-risk-taxonomy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Identification and risk taxonomy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Risk identification beyond registers.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/cascades-and-interdependence\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Cascades and interdependence<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Network, common-cause and correlated failures.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/quantitative-and-qualitative-methods\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Quantitative and qualitative methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Probability, uncertainty and judgement.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/scenario-and-stress-testing\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Scenario and stress testing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Challenging plans and assumptions.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/resilience-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Resilience engineering<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Continuity, recovery and adaptive capacity.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/enterprise-and-public-risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Enterprise and public risk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Private, sovereign and community mandates.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/assurance-and-correction\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Assurance and correction<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Evidence, review and methods correction.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model Systemic Risk Management as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/global-and-systemic-risk\/\">Global and systemic risk<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-G-P01\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.dam-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Breach or collapse of a dam, sending a sudden flood wave downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\">Dam failure<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h61\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.cascade.financial-contagion\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Cascading failure\" data-td=\"Spread of a financial shock between institutions, markets and countries through shared exposures and loss of confidence.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H61\" data-tr=\"draft\">Financial contagion<\/a><\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Sovereign debt crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Currency crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/global-and-systemic-risk\/\">Global and systemic risk<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/compound-and-cascading-hazard-standards\/\">Compound and cascading hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-stability-and-prudential-risk\/\">Financial stability and prudential risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/future-generations-and-long-term-risk\/\">Future generations and long-term risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NS-14<\/code> Conformance and crosswalk to external standards<\/li><li><code>NRS-H120<\/code> Hazard family: Structural fragility of interconnected systems (NHS-1 sys.fragility)<\/li><li><code>NRS-C6<\/code> Systemic and cascading risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H94<\/code> Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H60<\/code> Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>INFORM Risk Index (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>IMF data services (WEO, IFS, FSI via SDMX) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP<\/li><li>Macroeconomic Dashboard<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Bangladesh: 134 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Overview<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Mandate and boundaries<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Systemic Risk Management does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic risk<\/a> management is the identification, assessment and treatment of risks that arise from dependencies between <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, so that a shock in one travels into others. It covers governance and appetite, shared taxonomies, cascade analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods, scenarios and stress tests, resilience engineering and assurance. GCRI prepares methods and evidence; boards, governments and supervisors decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">ERM leaders; risk scientists; resilience managers; enterprise executives.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Risk ontology; fault and causal networks; probabilistic methods; adaptive governance.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Systems-risk primer; dependency analyses; decision-method guide.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Systemic Risk Management is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"method-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Model, equations and assumptions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The model structure used for Systemic Risk Management, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-eqs\"><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Risk of element i<\/span><code>R<sub>i<\/sub> = f(H<sub>i<\/sub>, E<sub>i<\/sub>, V<sub>i<\/sub>, C<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Expected annual loss<\/span><code>EAL = &#8721;<sub>k<\/sub> p<sub>k<\/sub> &#183; L<sub>k<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">over events k with annual probability p<sub>k<\/sub><\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Coupled systems<\/span><code>x<sub>t+1<\/sub> = A x<sub>t<\/sub> + B u<sub>t<\/sub> + &#949;<sub>t<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">A carries the couplings, u the shock, &#949; the error<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Assumption<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Why it is made<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is tested<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Hazard and exposure are independent within an event<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Keeps the loss integral tractable<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Compare with a copula fit on joint records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Couplings are linear near the operating point<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Lets shocks propagate through A<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Perturb beyond the linear range and compare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Vulnerability curves transfer between places<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Local curves are rarely available<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Validate against observed losses where they exist<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>versioned datasets with provenance<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Outputs<\/dt><dd>distributions, never single numbers<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Code<\/dt><dd>released with the model card and tests<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reproduction<\/dt><dd>same data, code, environment and seed<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Standard risk and state-space formulations; the assumptions listed are typical of the method, stated for review, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"sensitivity\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Sensitivity analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">Which inputs move the result for Systemic Risk Management most, one at a time across their stated ranges.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 232\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Tornado chart of the result's sensitivity to six inputs\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"300\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"300\" y2=\"208\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"89.6\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"end\">Hazard intensity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"178.6\" y=\"20\" width=\"121.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar nx-au-bar-ac\" x=\"300\" y=\"20\" width=\"92.4\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129.2\" y=\"64\" text-anchor=\"end\">Exposure value<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"202.3\" y=\"52\" width=\"97.7\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"52\" width=\"81.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"146.8\" y=\"96\" text-anchor=\"end\">Vulnerability curve<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"212.9\" y=\"84\" width=\"87.1\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"84\" width=\"72.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"186.4\" y=\"128\" text-anchor=\"end\">Coupling strength<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"236.6\" y=\"116\" width=\"63.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"116\" width=\"68.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"215\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"end\">Adaptive capacity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"253.8\" y=\"148\" width=\"46.2\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"148\" width=\"52.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"243.6\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"end\">Data resolution<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"271.0\" y=\"180\" width=\"29.0\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"180\" width=\"23.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"230\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its low value<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"370\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its high value<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative one-at-a-time sensitivity; a full analysis adds variance-based (Sobol) indices. Not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Systemic Risk Management studies, and who decides on risk.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management, studies how organisations and governments identify, assess and treat risks that travel through dependencies, and develops methods national teams can apply. Boards, governments and supervisors set <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-appetite\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The amount and type of risk an organisation or society is willing to pursue or retain in pursuit of its objectives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk appetite<\/a> and decide treatment; the platform prepares methods and evidence and takes no risk decision for anyone.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Risk registers, heat maps and scores shown on these pages are illustrations of method, never an assessment of an organisation or country. A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-matrix\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A grid combining ranked likelihood and consequence to prioritise risks; useful for communication but coarse and prone to misranking.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk matrix<\/a> is a communication device with known flaws, and is never the only tool.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Hazards and exposure in Asia.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, flood water and daytime surface heat over Asia, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"asia:risk\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"risk\" data-ml-plan=\"p-ac83e3de\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:risk\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.water.flood gibs.health.lstd gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.energy.fires ev.eonet ev.usgs r.dist r.hls r.dswxs1 f.ens gx.nhc gx.ems\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-risk\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-risk\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"25,-11,150,56\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Hazards and exposure, Asia: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">People and floods<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Hazards and exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span 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stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Hazards and exposure, framed on Asia.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 U.S. Geological Survey \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (11 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, The problem, What the platform does\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, The problem, What the platform does\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Across the domains<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">What the platform does<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the domains<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Systemic risk is where the five domains meet.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Domain\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Drought propagates into power, food and health; risk registers that list water alone miss the cascade.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Grid failure is the most frequent common-mode failure across lifelines.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Food<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Food price shocks reach public budgets, social protection and stability.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Health<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Pandemics showed how health shocks reach supply chains, schools and finances.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Biodiversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Ecosystem degradation removes buffers slowly, so registers need slow-onset risks too.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where risk management findings go.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Methods are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/methods-technical\/\">Methods and Technical series<\/a> and cross-system findings for the Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience series. Risk models would carry model cards under NS-12 of the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Risk managers can share anonymised cascade cases.<\/li><li>Researchers can contribute evaluations of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk assessment<\/a> techniques.<\/li><li>Public bodies can propose a national risk assessment method for review.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Most risk practice still treats risks one at a time.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Conventional risk management lists risks in a register, scores each for likelihood and impact, and assigns an owner. That works well for many operational risks. It works poorly when risks share causes, interact or spread through networks of suppliers, infrastructure and markets.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The largest losses of recent decades came from interactions rather than single events: a pandemic that closed supply chains and labour markets together; financial stress that moved from one market to many through common exposures and funding links; a regional storm that disabled power, telecommunications and transport at once. In each case, risks that looked independent on a register turned out to share a cause or a path.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Three features make these risks hard. First, dependence: when one failure raises the chance of others, simple sums of individual risks understate the chance of a large joint loss. Second, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 deep-uncertainty\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which the parties cannot agree on the models describing a system, the probability of key inputs, or how to value outcomes. Under deep uncertainty Nexus favours scenarios and robust decisions over single\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">deep uncertainty<\/a>: for many systemic threats there is no reliable frequency data, and experts disagree on the structure of the problem, not only on the numbers. Third, distribution: the people who bear the consequences of a decision are often not the people who take it, so a choice that looks prudent to one organisation can shift risk onto workers, communities or the public purse.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic risk<\/a> management responds by mapping dependencies explicitly, using scenarios and stress tests to challenge plans, treating uncertainty as information rather than noise, and building resilience so that <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> can absorb and recover from surprises they did not foresee.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A methods discipline for risk in connected systems.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management owns the risk-method discipline in the GCRI portfolio. It is distinct from technical infrastructure platforms and from single-hazard specialist sites, which apply these methods to their own <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 3H2v15h7c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3V7c0-2.2-1.8-4-4-4Z\"\/><path d=\"m16 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"M22 6V3h-6c-2.2 0-4 1.8-4 4v14c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3h7v-2.3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Primer<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Systems-risk primer<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A plain account of systemic risk concepts, from common-cause failure to tipping points, for practitioners and decision-makers.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Dependencies<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dependency analyses<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Methods and worked examples for mapping how losses travel between organisations, sectors and infrastructure.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><polygon points=\"16.24 7.76 14.12 14.12 7.76 16.24 9.88 9.88 16.24 7.76\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Decision-method guide<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How to choose and combine probabilistic, scenario and judgement-based methods for a given decision and its uncertainty.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Methods include risk ontology, fault and causal networks, probabilistic methods and adaptive governance. The platform does not certify risk frameworks, audit organisations or set risk appetite for anyone.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Foundation and counterparts, Coverage, Grounding, Six pillars\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Foundation and counterparts, Coverage, Grounding, Six pillars\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Foundation and counterparts<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-areas\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Coverage<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Grounding<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Six pillars<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundation and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named methods, linked to governance and finance.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Its STEM foundation is <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/stem\/decision-analysis\/\">decision analysis under uncertainty<\/a> and scenario design and stress testing, which it stewards for the Consortium, together with probability and statistics, network science and contagion, reliability and resilience engineering and uncertainty quantification and model validation. Foundry <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> that serve the field include <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s3\" data-tc=\"NXS-DSS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Decision cases and deliberation\" data-ts=\"NRS-S3\">NXS-DSS (decision cases and deliberation)<\/a> for scenarios and decision analysis and The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) for data, evidence and risk products.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes institutions on the governance side through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/governance\/\">Governance Nexus<\/a>, Policy Nexus and Foresight Nexus. The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) builds shared industry understanding through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-stability\/\">Financial Stability<\/a> and Actuarial and Quantitative Risk. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/counterparts\/\">all counterparts<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of risk management and systemic risk this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management studies how organisations and governments identify, assess and treat risks that travel through dependencies: between suppliers and buyers, between infrastructure networks, between public services and the people who rely on them. Its pages set out the governance, taxonomies, cascade analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods, scenarios and assurance that this work needs, with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated. It prepares methods and evidence; boards, governments and supervisors decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\"\/><line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Risk governance and appetite<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Who owns a risk, how much of it an institution is prepared to carry, and how that position is set, reviewed and reported.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Identification and taxonomy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Shared names and classes for hazards, threats and consequences so that registers can be compared and combined.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Cascades and interdependence<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How a shock in one system propagates through dependencies into others, and where it is amplified or absorbed.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Quantitative and qualitative methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Probabilistic models, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 expert-elicitation\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A structured process for obtaining and combining judgements from experts about uncertain quantities, with attention to bias and calibration.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">expert elicitation<\/a>, matrices and narratives, used in combination and with their limits stated.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Scenarios and stress tests<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Severe but plausible events used to test plans, capacity and buffers before a real shock does.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Resilience engineering<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Designing <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and organisations to anticipate, absorb, adapt to and recover from disruption.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 22V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v18Z\"\/><path d=\"M6 12H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2\"\/><path d=\"M18 9h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M10 6h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 10h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 14h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 18h4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Enterprise and public risk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Risk management inside firms and inside government, and the points where the two depend on each other.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 12a9 9 0 0 0-9-9 9.75 9.75 0 0 0-6.74 2.74L3 8\"\/><path d=\"M3 3v5h5\"\/><path d=\"M3 12a9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9.75 9.75 0 0 0 6.74-2.74L21 16\"\/><path d=\"M16 16h5v5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Assurance and correction<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Independent review of risk processes, learning from incidents and near misses, and correcting records when evidence changes.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Decision analysis under uncertainty<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Scenario design and stress testing<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Probability and statistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Network science and contagion<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Reliability and resilience engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Uncertainty quantification and model validation<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Systemic Risk Management<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"tVjbbts4EP0Vgs8ahkNKlATEBtrUxRboDUm72H1ULTU2qoshqbvJfv1ihvIlsZ3YavoQhDLJMzxzZoYjXd6KeZl13UTWd1B3y1tol\/VtJ0XWLjNYLPO8qCeyb38Wcnq5asr726be23Er1sM86xZSrJpl3XcTqQNwiYgSlQZgQz+wodCBSwSsn2A9Ly9GWUAbCkQXgIv5v4uFDuhHGJ5gmH0S\/wGk0VpgbJUJADdDGumApmD7A2yXEfx82c7L4tnTz+8mUksxv+d\/7USayPDpsn7xeHO\/nP+QIp\/IDxpMZEoNqCtrVCrQKKMiCCuLKhGoVShQIViVVlYrFBiqSKByYFVcmURgoqwwYFVUmUiFwtA2o0KwylTG0C+hSkWsEGKFFYbKCYsqFVYZMCqsMFIoTKoSYVUEpkJUSCucsCoGVK5ytNrwghRQYWVUJKxVoQhBRRWQRX5ELXQFxEAwl1DwNHFgNpb4KayASTAdq2JiU4HnwYcQpgJPgwhZZYhPBcyDGcUK6a8CJsKUjF9ZATPxnAiL1zjBpAZOFTAZ5w9Dh6qAj29UpCIR+idmpQVqXp4yKximUSXMCrb7tUJmBRsjJmFOMByDuDAr2B6VZCJWsCFEXJgVbGgTF2YFg2uQ42EIAe88RxsMLxk8TDHENFgDMutJkUJMhUmxfsyEOa31ZSJMaR0CngkfAUzlaUQ+yDiImAXzWQcak2A6m2AkDp4NhytTYDLrcGYKzh\/CRzydmahQRlAuXdxOL\/dq23zRtHknp5flsi72Jzdp2tRS5FmfwQ\/O0Dvkf\/c4kVQbpLgzE8mZL8W9mUhOf9H1bfOjgH+Xeb+YSKMsl4TjllaL4g7qpi62tvB5WwdM4dl2zBE72tswL2HDHrEBv0RmT57wBDPj9NkzFXlTa2BcAz+vkFXhucbcE8aOyzTCUPyEIXhxWsmJ1l5IsnTP3AlOHGEH9XFDL+9ExNOswQuZe1guzG8kZp+39EKRgUPhgDFOXNujS+ZQ00Zt5qYs0sOmg9O6ZGzB7aQwWsPm2Y+45eSV\/5GJ3TuM4bK2bf7tDnbjw\/w+38VEvtW47XExTqhrtSgw8f1ruml408N98tPYZgfbETZBO+6S18jjgO0WGCKtMDDkLAgNIVJzBjZWJjCoojHw4Q58mCgXpJEA62igh8HQ2p+LHP3eg7sdeGeUDdBROwtxpDBgCQTEZBajdJyFeGshSlUSoKOe18XkkihSRsSGhs6qZAx8shMxGPHrFL0XoFURucoK1KFKA2onx8CnO\/5B1CoNYpUKyi0+P7kKdUoC6FHnp4K\/jRxyOjfGgrplyixNArDCMFJi3MlXNuBfjAie0X8lfHAnXznsUUfCRztq8Qthjzv5GiVBkionolTFQexULFyibJCgiscg76UqF0qfo0DnH4bpCIdc4164oJcwTSiHvLSoLT2EeozPr82uCV9rLQrw5ZIKMAxVeUyhvH5QJyldwecrcMKCz1jglIWROXsd7qasVSF\/e6FvDJxUgNbxPRbxQxh6Gwffw7pV1v6gO+zg7GLZH52bF3VftIc\/T7XFvN9bvyqzvpDijrxuQynuKXxCKdY3uUukWBTL20U\/kamTor2jd4qL6WVf3O2j1YykGcbIKSaXF7TuyOp+d7WR00VW5833751Y1mJVZvdPb940EPNyByfUcoqxKJtm1Yl52XRFvoY56LC6yQvy5sGJjc5dUQ5CL9kQD1fLsszaiSyzb4Rw+OPWIiubB1+0\/CtYy83c0U9i39sje5Lje\/KmP7JJH9OrzL7tuA5MqKWgdZDV9ClgIqtlnpeFnL7PvnVPqdHPH+BEyRGc2V+fZ9fvPsw+frl5VpXDzsdHzv\/e\/Kzz9v4E\/w89K7sGz9Dg4L5TdDi48VktjDbKeT8i3UMP\/Nj1WdvL6VtP+gRFdtAoew+Bvf767v2bsXKYR3L8rJf\/FG1XnKfHSDnGqjFGDDRHtPg6MD5LDLTJYbSrTx\/\/nH2c3YhXH9+IL7Ob0XliHwnT9VmdZ\/7r3omVakShGlOnzi1TJjpWpW7WHE8uVca5I1hXn968e\/s3y3D16fp6dvVlpBDhIyHaYtW0\/SkywMgMgbEpAqNyBJ5KkqLO5fTaUz5BFXgqRRjr89fX79\/d\/DEbmxfRIzmyeZYX1f2ZcsBYPWC0IDBKkQN3CLvxlad9niT7VwhjfZm9unokyMXt9H8=\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/foundry\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method&#8217;s skill is measured, not assumed.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/universe\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/\">Systemic Risks in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/reports\/\">Systemic Risk Management in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/\">Faculty of Risk Science and Methods in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Frameworks, Consortium, Sources, Pages\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Frameworks, Consortium, Sources, Pages\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Frameworks<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Consortium<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-21-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Pages<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">ISO 31000 Risk management guidelines<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Organization for Standardization (ISO\/TC 262)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles, a framework and a process for managing risk in any organisation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">IEC 31010 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk assessment<\/a> techniques<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">IEC and ISO<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Guidance on selecting and applying techniques for identifying, analysing and evaluating risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Enterprise Risk Management: Integrating with Strategy and Performance<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Components and principles linking enterprise risk to strategy, culture and performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations, with UNDRR as custodian<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Priorities, targets and indicators for reducing disaster risk, including systemic and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 cascading-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that an initial event sets off a sequence of secondary failures across dependent systems, so that the total harm greatly exceeds the initial impact.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">cascading risk<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">OECD Council<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for national all-hazards risk assessment, preparedness and whole-of-society governance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Guidelines for the Governance of Systemic Risks<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-governance\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The institutions, rules, processes and actors through which collective decisions about risk are made, implemented and reviewed.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Governance<\/a> Center (IRGC), EPFL<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">A stepwise approach to exploring systems, building scenarios and adapting strategies for systemic risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profiles<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNDRR and the International Science Council<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Standard definitions and descriptions of hazards for use in risk registers and assessments<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Three Lines Model<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">The Institute of Internal Auditors<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Roles of management, risk and compliance functions and internal audit in governance and assurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Global Risk Assessment Framework<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNDRR<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">A framework for understanding and assessing systemic risk across sectors and scales<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Policy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/foresight\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Foresight Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Governance Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-stability\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Stability<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Methods and modelling<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/65694.html\"><span>ISO 31000:2018 Risk management, guidelines (ISO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/72140.html\"><span>IEC 31010:2019 Risk management, risk assessment techniques (ISO\/IEC)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coso.org\/enterprise-risk-management\"><span>Enterprise Risk Management: Integrating with Strategy and Performance (COSO, 2017)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theiia.org\/en\/content\/position-papers\/2020\/the-iias-three-lines-model-an-update-of-the-three-lines-of-defense\/\"><span>The IIA&#8217;s Three Lines Model (Institute of Internal Auditors, 2020)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5075\/epfl-irgc-233739\"><span>IRGC Guidelines for the Governance of Systemic Risks (EPFL IRGC, 2018)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\"><span>Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-21-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Systemic Risk Management.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate and publisher<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Field overview<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and evidence<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and practical technology<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/tools\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data and technical methods<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning and professional development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Events and technical dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and publications<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participation paths<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Contact the specialist team<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trust, rights and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Systemic Risk Management<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-6\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-22-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-23-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-22-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-22\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/methods\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Methods and modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-23-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-23\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">23<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-23\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Systemic Risk Management?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Systemic Risk Management and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Systemic Risk Management active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Systemic Risk Management is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is this a consultancy or a standards body?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Neither. It is a research and methods platform. It does not sell risk services, audit organisations, certify frameworks or issue standards.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is it different from other GCRI platforms?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Specialist platforms such as <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\">Energy Nexus<\/a> study specific systems. Systemic Risk Management develops the shared risk methods they apply, and stewards decision analysis and scenario methods for the Consortium.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Systemic Risk Management<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Scenario and Stress-Test<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Methods and Technical<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Portfolio and Readiness<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/risk-management#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-g-p01\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-g-p01\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Systemic Risk Management works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-g-p01\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-g-p01\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Systemic Risk Management works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Systemic Risk Management home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management\" data-nx-takepart=\"GCRI\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Systemic Risk Management.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Systemic Risk<\/a> Management platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Systemic Risk Management. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-risk-management-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"risk\" id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-risk-management\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"risk:asia\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-risk-management-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-risk-management-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, climate, conflict, Asia.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Systemic Risk Management<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, climate, conflict and Asia.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">hazards, climate, conflict<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Climate \u00b7 Conflict<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">TH<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/th-04\/\">Disaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000111<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Climate \u00b7 Conflict<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-10\/\">Global Cities<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Urban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000068<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Infrastructure \u00b7 Climate<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-07\/\">Global Climate<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Chronic and acute physical climate hazard, transition exposure, adaptation gaps and scenario pathways to 2030, 2050 and 2100.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000065<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Climate \u00b7 Hazards \u00b7 Finance<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">Asia<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/afg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">AFG<\/span>Afghanistan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/are\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ARE<\/span>United Arab Emirates<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/arm\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ARM<\/span>Armenia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/aze\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">AZE<\/span>Azerbaijan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bgd\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BGD<\/span>Bangladesh<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bhr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BHR<\/span>Bahrain<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/brn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BRN<\/span>Brunei Darussalam<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/btn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BTN<\/span>Bhutan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/chn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CHN<\/span>China<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cyp\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CYP<\/span>Cyprus<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/geo\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GEO<\/span>Georgia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/idn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">IDN<\/span>Indonesia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ind\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">IND<\/span>India<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/irn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">IRN<\/span>Iran (Islamic Republic of)<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/irq\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">IRQ<\/span>Iraq<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/isr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ISR<\/span>Israel<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/jor\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">JOR<\/span>Jordan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/jpn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">JPN<\/span>Japan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kaz\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KAZ<\/span>Kazakhstan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kgz\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KGZ<\/span>Kyrgyzstan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/khm\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KHM<\/span>Cambodia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kor\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KOR<\/span>Republic of Korea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kwt\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KWT<\/span>Kuwait<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lao\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LAO<\/span>Lao People&#8217;s Democratic Republic<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lbn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBN<\/span>Lebanon<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lka\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LKA<\/span>Sri Lanka<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mdv\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MDV<\/span>Maldives<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mmr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MMR<\/span>Myanmar<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mng\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MNG<\/span>Mongolia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mys\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MYS<\/span>Malaysia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/npl\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NPL<\/span>Nepal<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/omn\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">OMN<\/span>Oman<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/pak\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PAK<\/span>Pakistan<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/phl\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PHL<\/span>Philippines<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/prk\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PRK<\/span>Democratic People&#8217;s Republic of Korea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/pse\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PSE<\/span>State of Palestine<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">+ 12 more, all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\">Atmosphere and weather<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000135<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\">Solid Earth<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000138<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/sys\/\">Systemic and compound events<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000148<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-risk-management-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-risk-management-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-risk-management-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/the-nexus-cycle\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> The cycle<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/systems-nexus\/systemic-cascading-risk\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Systemic, compound and cascading risk<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/global-and-systemic-risk\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Global and systemic risk<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-risk-management-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"4\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-risk-management-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-stability\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Finance:<\/span> Financial Stability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/systemic-risk\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Systemic Risks<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/systems-nexus\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Faculty of Systems and Nexus Studies<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-01\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Global Polycrisis series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-24\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systemic Risk Management<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-24\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-25\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-25\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who publishes Systemic Risk Management?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Systemic Risk Management and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is Systemic Risk Management active?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Systemic Risk Management is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How can I contribute?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Start with the participation paths or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Where are findings published?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page , and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Which values on this platform are real?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How do I report an error?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Use corrections and concerns , or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is this a consultancy or a standards body?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Neither. It is a research and methods platform. It does not sell risk services, audit organisations, certify frameworks or issue standards.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is it different from other GCRI platforms?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Specialist platforms such as Energy Nexus study specific systems. 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