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xvJazC84ZN95oMKPDRskU6nHiNNuAJNFy2yHo9IJq4MkI5TQZUJ\/tBV4XDxoAIrxC++XMHl9uF64RKSAnIAbFXwY7OkMOnIwcrktmKzgzzbO21MBB9QvCVUMo4wjeDL2TMgCE1D8n4lh28cotZWiO0hSBpAhgmmIqvkoPzhDgoSeG0CHgzR5CfvdLLZQyyAo7mfa000DHJMG7QkjSZaUjo5qwoIyLp823dnYEcjBxg5GCFktbTHri5c+oMchWuAm1UZ0+6X5k9BLfahVoocCr0JI\/xUpPZV3nIy57kFhBijDABZikr8CSpaJZ2ju7sSXY5y+xJ9RI5VRA12JMPTgM+KQHbViNI1hB3IJArRdZq0CNMBru8n\/fVykE9hOEKEF5WEoeVMoEv46cl\/KTZLsFuJ++XQcMIXzkgXnUQukKb0smmasL4ILyOQQOYnJ37vFy6qIf12Wj3ziwAeUaSqhx+V4AczIoTA3oGLWGHvJuHjZoOqPobhKbSi2VD0K1gJ10NuBYxXs1n6S86fF74bg3IGiN6reFwwgVjN0tA5og+M\/Zw8bxrV4FNKTcPG3oRNr5s7Ho5SycckIRaQ0xXzl\/mHbBw+yWXNEtyCFTGa0xZaqFqbwg\/bHLJOsXLGNwYODLzqOs18wA8rmwtlAYK65BZxlyC8diipdrsOvl0miXddHB8YOeuAsbgGI7VDI7RdQId+IxuzlwnLNetRcBgVNW10FVQGC5nruNSuESyheHSzyjxLuj1cVtAjQDYKSmUOdwvHLRGu8GoiSYMtEvT9J2wJrukW1Nthf4DaO8C+U81TwgCrb1arH22nUGumRy4pFWVUNJUwgXazpBcUpJLanbJFXtvt+shMU1VSijnzDxNnWW+Vc587bmxV9UyIdBCVxjWKylUsMzRK2QdQF3mhDBGJwiVQHVmoTMDsrVLE\/DCWYhGqoa8yFias5nzurDMCM256Tfr0GENGAGm1rVEQHYZzgMFec2pdSRheY7bahneKmEd7KtSkKcZQx5vf9Pjz4hI06wNKsDpw6kqU3\/h9Ne52yzDXJJuTLzBmerKCi2VzwRbJaS0IQUTTXMPC3eqVjsJC\/c+QK7iHZ5+dieks7QbDv2IRQqb\/Wjpn5hrgDmBayoLYSlQHAqLxLrOGOLPRIptW6\/SwADpP6TXysmQ4DgZUJR7IsLbldxzRjwhLa2Qziki3Ss\/igHYpDh0hnRNvSQJWnhUFCpwjeAos5zx+Cz3hBSU3TyzrM+QDhhKDQTJwyQVwDHBpE747hM10lntySPK5aoV5IyASN5rcEVrEI1nflOT3xg8bZICdDX3G+XWvo2oqUDwwgF11jw4e4nUyFY0cTOXPOTSIFFG0MDfwRNdtbAfn1e9xuGZ\/Sy5qwtCSRiydrCrEC7qefrL1AgOWy\/DefbE5oxtBQF2+D5ID7FGmfNoUV2S4pa5kNLLjBp4FeKFBpIJYhHIRzLDDWcukvCX5SM138tqt0rSNeIFZGy11fRhNU\/S\/XmSfq7ynOlmQRgFeZAEdgh55lLeY0VqngecOY6r6gtWCUbkA0CGrOto52bBYwzSBnPBzrfb3RIwlAjOAWAAcTXapLQ\/68PrtH+hG+3O9EKcpEFnrKxQHvN+lYCyppBj0b0RKDHk1POMUp+puV44DXm\/tFqoUBk8iJCtxaTjzrm7XeT9u9WAmFRIjcprda5ELYQER6Zv5lDeyFUEo5TCA5Gr1dwV60wHZylFWBn5kmyo6DeGaIdOeGHJm1EjrREvwMhlkizyYT8s99F6oVE\/8UEKBTg08+6\/VyNtFho28mCDcRYSH+MvpGdhmZ65FQZdgDXwmyqAMVVqro66BQaZZclilqU0KysHNlBbZUEc5lzKz11RX1RHc5Zyb9biFiQAVYVJZHUhpajRFRHWzCVY08skEgEDMEgDM\/DeJz2GNTPcQgmrmVknY72ahZ5daFbVkADnXoFuYmqJc63XxZA6h+AzfWu30rfYkODU5aV0l\/UttSTFM31LL2lliAAM7Er5en7qYUErz4TXTCv9hSqDQkPSVGWIbFqmQtVMuZ9h+iwpP4NLLYLEchpAmwyLpPyyIflVUn6miksBYP6+thKsqpIXkvLw2+W0rXErBc5gUq4gkzRunkbovHBFHqRyESibUL1bzbLCCp0HBcqqMxNiqvEbCfT9WRVRCe9Qy60gkuma\/EfNR6wvVegSFpnK3J97eV1BZuKAVjrj5hK2WWR8Z\/KGzDRwWQJCeRBCWY2lZTA7rvmFhYRtkanWKXua+Xi19HEopgELVMCGApyGl8nHQyp8yejbXFSZuWKz1sdgQA9prq0Wda+ZELFyxbk+ZtcFP6zOaQ1oqecFv6U+ppbJeB7yYZk0QuRBQRzDhLbmrDo3U6\/NklfOIo9ZerdnQdwCAIM8GpPxGLgUnU0mgf48\/d6aJQaxsFFLyJVNLPgRYPgcH+sVY8uzNEuqipEHEzKM4pX6296tz4o\/u7pZ5aEa8tAaihYKPMdS5LFfJoHLwNO0K6aqMZEA1g96ySz\/DhfZS70Ss+q1iIfurQCIkaITONTkOJbIi0kF3pUQ3O7WJX3UQ0HzcLVZ17z+tp4jV3qOxDAGqlMILtY6olbDOFnhugHYw5LDzIScJQJrK4xB7m+wtKIuhJ6zmt85LdqdKY7QIwGA6WvrhQILAD44I8F+LuT4JA\/OqL9cwmUUmzTijv+NkvFZa0iOuKZaWbvDuiT0NlTezqVb7j7wWb+6JN1um\/slG9RCOyqlGe4+uIgcv8VZVbMuyFpsFYCIG+pzfirrXPhSs+2Ya0Ny3cCCpU5QBoG3x4RCZ0XjQml7pg2ZVblPIhcEKHIg2dXk5OiSYEma0Ywcs8qlyWXNp21WqY9x2L0DCV9QF+Q7uWQwa4VIX8ymasB15V191hA0U4jsgmfNFaJmtZ\/awX5CDQBCGxiNz3jmiQLLuJ\/1qlUgXEwqAuh2StuwhjiMaYFi2mW9Xp83BNUB+4GAbtR1SOVtt1BWzVxZrRelrqURofiCEQ0RzqhzPUdeqhrPvcdVtVs3LUmLhgnCupYXgsU6TZkDkTP1Gc2quBGqdhIqU\/o3sqmzylQuKdglcGju5KgVeHkwas5Y7aIy9UXhu5ZrGQKqxd5bC\/imZloJCwQGCabDcyqlXGqDs+Yye66IQs\/O+4BlaOgROWs74XOaeWVYNZdVKwFTIr\/2iJwIvC4Zk0xyI1bLDQY9lBuzMVXLTjBUMbBfANKKIP3lFO1CYj6LwGaZ62sgmEDiQCtyMWBcKsXqy7m+qy4It5JkVkyjLZnOQrjF7Ampg74oaLUrBRyb6gzotqpeFSRDyiPdAvBzhrYLF7ptPCcByjIlcOwuTDQ9GgF2C0iM8esyWqMutmYGFNahpWVVho4ZkFxmQLOqhzyvejgSRqH7T4LRgGakUipKORlF5awZLYTRs6YtNHasbMN+YrE8UPwNf3f8re6XfY9J4FGgvoVqnurbL5Cjs4zXu1Wqj+J6XQPNtjbrQ7nGkUO6gwpYbmyaa1GXdb1aYVzXi2KXvdiiuWqf3a7gs64B6hxEQRUVM8pS2UA1GahfDpkNtLkAdRZLU0hkwfS4yGdyKHLIDalYwaFo1hliV9m5R9EeBlRVPe+frS91hqxtU5tl0Qe6LmqsA0A7YVWnoo\/PnSGpnTAkjJ6pWverAi\/6j0S31NUXCwszWWupSZw1rGEuTbYOUOfVeVFffiGXnstaZhXT0SNBNlJGhQv0tVq2ba37CZd9AkZx2afWFVWhMVbq81LFbyG71yutGXtNFFRLoT0TEUL\/7brzLAParZQT7ALDvaxV+EIj8qwSuWpE3oaViusxl4YMSCt\/XqsIl3pcl55Tt1\/gcBoaQ6CENmusmtUNZ+FnaUJaLvUdKwymK7rGlFLSEqtcv1W5NFUlK9CLttmwZuwQdiVEcqhqg7l46t5W57bNHYxQKKFlrEoXculGqOVWscvZanvW8fpFC50bvVyqPZCzYX+zxHabEHsVv9zfvFZ77ErtoQYrMPoaAV4uSn5VrudnkrNQe\/y6wAL7WktpoN\/Gp0Vays6Whp5cAstDVpNjzKvSW9usNFNQyWuIxpjE\/M1i\/Lrdai3NUW8lNDJBlr3M3mY7++Wc3azajkDtq7WTIHG61K6J7VaSlAT4ayUZLxFgV9+vhW2IyRX0Iigfvth0NY8hc6HKVKZeIwAkr04BQBt5QeGVS4V3Va1c6Kc2R7oKWqlrb5Os4hddVzqGpfNehK1qV8VpzOKcwzo\/xbk5B6sWuqTMoSUjgF0pfpCzeyh9KhfIaGYFVU\/qAmXD5lLnyRJSINWoUAABVlP5LzSv\/Vaca9u1ZoxdQYB71ubnTuR5t9VZl8jM5dWypxKyNocpu6LSIvdTzWbpfzMd1rszoRM3EsvnxDztOU\/y8+eMOAaEuaywXT7Jgc0NsGwJDVsqgqedK8aX2x9n\/ihXgRNtHJQKLUEx\/pKGFhVjtSrerB+vcli8AWOBx3hmIkDIMtKienOmym1XcgpW5KHTWUGbw1nr0pfklHm9+37pN5AyeWz0lbGpo8p+49CaYL1zKq9nrHkeQdUqykMO4z1YksGeHWqEVPPOLTAv6twK5D+zDki7KqRj96cBacFDd\/xKqWHT\/HIHZHU5GzRYD6vMhaKLXBZd6lUH5P0qFUY1FqpCyspF\/LF\/p9Rn1iVV1LW9gaKL\/XJJVS9zr5mufb\/uza0wTECfpNPnzWA2SX0hhQ63ePavXrfVWezF1tCLYdYVsUho1PJJiZliHFbLxqodNNfpqjbLqnHMThMRV2vFeHvWYIYP\/+HDFyDMmZo9qDp\/qm7VQAwmBE99njY3AOOb+Hd\/mvbdscUHQf\/ctdOxge8N+\/PbN3C39+9l5SRAT13jxEqLcbPUVhBjKjHvKj0mXVDn8ILAj7L9gBAEoVTiJUqqMEWV8KVPpaa8TeAYWHqAECNrCiwSdSuiVYpqLJL6qyRWOmWVh8TnJ+mCp3PDe\/B1+D4tmK6kJxghCaDHU2AYMD1hRYmEA3eTwjZ8TFpB5AXmKJXQYKLUx4eQjN\/wFQR+d1ZA5Q1vCVdQGlT0SfoDP1\/iZHDyEsV+S6s3+Ao988GiPYossL+089R7jTOKL2NvIfABfKuGzYHZ4lORDr1J4+wlNxzjTyXelLaltPguxDWg3bxH+F6JolSNC8RuQAt\/eRxT4RsAWtKRGOgEFMiFQSwRju6MpyI1FLfgDrDTDg6hFkThMJKCuk57gmcLHZcQu3AsLRAM4L\/4ZWBxm+go6SkrckqaI+w\/JU8SnztRaFjO\/oxO9dNf79tfupGerv7pf39Fdu7QRT0qHMTi8fNkvqiV0Kd\/fIKvQzjCl9T9+M1t9JEKiujAV+n+9DFcFaaF7CRsEWSdtM94tGkv0USjsda8M\/Rx6dByFJqVEjIPlZ2S3kz9FagpIsSWRHDJGDWNRxZNMUHyHuOmoumh35JZS\/yaN4l7L6VAh7b0sSqePrayOvYmj+ZSC03Hhy6EA8FfeB+oA7BD4aMFgryEnAb+VGRd0p\/5umIsqBFV8KPoHgqxmVbnEWjAoBl8iAowBlmafkn+QHuCkRauB9pnHz0tbz1uJ2qiGj+raG1orQbGx+WR69VCAhXDr4fDmStcNG01nreke4FpyngGBA7oWsAwcQJs4bQUSWdJeChxBy1OhIbQ+LPCwT1fgbdHdIKQCOBAoV+Sq8qaHdPT0VTo\/I7wDW0MUVKC+wRhBLooopzEPcS3EB\/CQ0WDRcuOW0JvKqPrNP\/eJcf78Y9\/IufxttLkeLTzKlk2uY5hcyaohN2JoQN5LHe34SaVxCT4oka4oO2CfTGI+nCsmrhHybhI\/zdYGMEZSDIGCsr4CgUzOT8DQnpwCYJbZAjo9DpGEEkD8QC4EJooGTT1LZU6\/RVma5aOP8GXPI3jOXrAKDX5gyZ7UAxv75q0x+9u4x47eKoOmhh5GN42gn+qYNFUZb6IEKUo9qBJlBRceZq0DYCUnEDTU6XktxGvFAWpuO7ZzQj4Syqm8rIkKyX0auAgShUXQiwZdzeuIiSbQd8K7MjkNKWPjkz4VCUGQkZRE8CrfJgl4auJKIuTVMhIyJpxDWibejbLuChDSdxso3xcMyO1wR2r8vmlc+D5Sr4E1qdstCGdDEKqOC4fgIyQXxr63aW\/EBZI4ETT1wRmeKiSx5b5NC0NG1IwQev3\/DfvtKU9o9PTkucPHlDWEcnpeHgcM7PrwGfHN1Q8rnQX9pJoBiI3bTVHrMSwZOKMZB\/JwIgeOXZJBH5NzA29sKL6QKSPiFXwIaKkvFyVyBviI3ug5\/2Ia4g25UXIyFNHu4O3KR4EIZhQC4O3qqLtVcm78E\/EKYdUlK\/EIaozbCTLYHCjoMZWoWJkYCjBp5+RI+L60JyIlIHzqsDRP0Qay7CtEPVhQEIsieENR8bQjCGUpqXp4AMxOognEB4NUziMOljvxBBX0x+cBpB7E3OHiBToDsgBlY1HDhmZQDKH\/uhpbIqYuLc20WnDtKUiLurpJyaw0TwpqklkExTymWTQoTghKYghmURsqXFZTC3pboGG9rRURmIdyY\/kBWsqsEpQ+CTeEqM9xl\/UhAMtlhINmwg1cWGNNuFjKqMo44wMzLDBSBMtxUWjQFpsZ0DGBB3vRWyNtj8kfELorSmMLL8vSLznSpSnXgh0XYN5nuTG4BSIFcdj0tElXUiGj7GqJC7H6RCugA5ARbfB5z4k8l8ZMyP63CLwE4s06a0ZOlwMwoYzUc3hRNGdiFJRAkILV8gOpeFEiOHQpWTWo8cSiinNo6q4eBupK+ER8TyZpsyeaBgByFEpK6b4l32AkIg2wIpo3ymfNDG3wFQjv4jVAMt+iUvHMXBVEg0Xvs0IrsiUfFnOex07Kr4dyvrIBDVDp+MjqplQK59yc4lkt6QvwS6je+QcQcX95dAO6kS6F7F5Ai\/J4EzJqTLxIDi5B1WNfmJSpBNhCExplRcc3wPzANph+BHYCQIce7hjSkHbAjzZMeNW5Jp1xMA68mwYXULkBnWM6DgVtshdvmt6+Haz726\/jymhwqpEzXTDRhvkNApuEdizTTLazJ5IiNBcqkIgdDlVIfCTdIieCTmCDi+wpnEp6nLC7xl4yOK0iMS6pnwTD82kMJ3JGhEZaZkja\/bMKtJWk\/IkpnXRj4gkaBIxssxBY6qYppSWTjPw7lAuK\/UM5XzEOjL8mtURZk4U0Sp0voR+xEgUPKFVQ\/pOKkfF6QnSufgjx0rpkn3Q1MkuA9NRmoPkRIACaEC70wTKDk8MfS0lb1mqkMkfyPWVTpKMdIwZbgYQVYJTm1m5ZCCVCQLJE2rmuIRXNsIaBt3ogwk\/dNSTkFYlBm4T4\/OZwzKH4ByUERzCG36BAyW3GFGqaHvoU0q4aJpUtYhmTAYDT\/+z\/5OoqDPZSrkA\/2b5uKMyogULJTXbkyOU4DTO5HmzFoOmh2wUvVaKlGAgWlJkN0mv4hhP4hmNR8KLpliLs0U\/4BgOzkyWiiUY6lA3cT45a0CjqYlREEUI8R02DxiRktiu5JRu+e2AIFYFLMjUnlgR1D2IElUsTlA2rlhrQZEnur+jaUqAMYXbigHMR88JxF0CoYojQVeSTOCjosasjICHXREFEQwHNdtdmWwGnIRYqaMAwLISfS7ERJFDvSHGjdRVoTt6lljAomWMZ4oyX4vbGlCbtEzmCIDY8QwzVPIEjc2DzFUtskWF1BXKwShO4rIlIpeiVlhkn5puB\/aC9ASDKBbeXZRZPFkS5ZIk3pCcI3GjJcspgYy6IlskuQF6A6KEjNanScGhdVEKU3G4ZhOWgvSOKlIdy65FuJXSi2iqlM3VzBlIFoLbBdLlKGgiJ03cFyalI6ASSPJJB47yFTMcFPPon1Ag8oHnhuvDqIWNqOj1mjAwSoB1DMdI91lKZ+0aZfY6ylsSNUn81dFvcWNdQgc8isA\/sRMTt0SGLCOVpicDQxSGJD55wuGHixGUxM\/SKM6WicFiJgIdMknrnW8tf3Ym+Lsk+iK3xwSwnumMFMEJpj2pSHXUesh1+CuwKLWtI0d2Med16YwoeiQITUm5wVxFzaRVogxkkbBqTBHo+YPE6\/DTiZcSabQcuOkIfQzVnv2ZBQoWpk0OIFF34PyYlQpaOWmPscShE3hUjCfxKKN645i+hsg7PSvE9LOPUZtayGUSmBWflGE7dZHokvGWnILiPJRK4V7FhTsER4eMwxOCSKYApWbplnbHJh0QeXUpIzPGLTVxNoajDjtM6RgD+TW2ctanZAwmRJ9wBzUHx0yiY5h1OdmlP2mCFEJj4CEPpWKKxjYUgVxIxrG4gGMFh9QYAi3fs0oSJ6dQTtgkbQXODMkSZKLglhNmm3eEjkZpQmdDNQfDYc3kT9HakPGryMQNsvyUgSCW41F50qd5S1C8NlF0YEVR1jRfT7I3bCKr5JanFRhYVdbOQ6aOiEmB06yKwwAXt9AxtcQLhoIuqSOyivta0cc9116IHXPGG7LoSKdPKRwpMcRHOUzX0ehlFEpZqEpZE37zg4g1n8BFIU7YfZJ1KyYJmqZV1mzZFDplEsKtMJmZ1ktRKjNSF1EI05l0rSYJKnkk0StDsinLGHUcJmTVTc2mXSc+65P4paOqRgqgybJZFdeoU1HMz7OjkESJmhMdQnrNelmdRHNGrjpDGvNXVv6UTLhHqRFPx\/J0TEwFY22OBXx8LiOJ0jaWnkqVdoTlgWqWHbAQSxyayAEPoJOSH0VdZGIhhmzOF\/DYTKofRWLOGY7Mwjvlp8xuU3k6KhJY8eL72ITpyCTjDkfVVEXeiPaaagAKIQTrO+j9TCe45mzIZl2K9qWOhI+SOboaSCGMVWRCKRnVKamSNoNpg6KtUmFW5mOBmwrpUbPyESd0OjuVz9ETIqJtqcBJJSVHVPFJNWCu0BERIbJNkSgw301FoBBT2EAxLKSKZSWiMFVHgSpWqaSe9Qqwm6q4CTImzjoq6Zi+5p1J\/l8SYy4xDpaY3UXJz8XT4uqZkhzffKwEy1lnhmHuzSOTHdO3E7FCaKOCjpuiUklZpYJU7HUgd+SOtthNwnIbb65lC4zZshFVoqgyVnbBtHTUzWguXICTefVy5m9I2pzg6IdEXUU5PMTzsIInFzWpMEvJI8bKWemKvwogVh\/ZZWaAopKmaWIbiJyfcEhMUsZKkZlxLzYomQor4JAxs45gKpjOai52mgh+iir5sRgq6avPSh0S+oVM5mr2oDwpwwsOCXsUw6MMvBSYDncUKa4y+YSUlcjIFhWBKv2oeQrazYQDm26uq\/maWXVRUZNBh1UsFfPbsHBdp\/KWqyzDYmA+gp+N5ZlAvzpu1LGRh8kIAWxvmm5AX7uouSZMZLWOOKsZYSlkSIYuRMeoQeoc2IDzYuJO1VaSd2bJHbESpIPYCyYjY3S5oiN1ziEVsRHu\/MCHvIJIpVqTcEBDdELmxWIW3oW4B9c9StJBUmmaC7CK4xVF0XKmzmRN0qY4aznjSeHLEw6TI5kY29gadNwWG\/tjFLWOVGgaKhV8VcDtVzJqb5I2j9NkJSn3CawFM85aTPzRReC75qjvCZMAKiBILqbxfCNf0cl7lU8UhZ7+99g3qhj8TarAEBdXyPakjcl23P9ZKZepjI35iOZKXCUU6UTLfyCCmvcgIKngstooYxJqUv8ep3mENKl9iRmEJLxm5NExZdW5qajOFdgMmj630XHHTUi31KQGseoam\/TqGXzZNA4jEvcRJlEwRPKh8zguYUCdUu4YTZkJ69QqUidep7KYHJiiyVR+Rvlp3qZB+0eVJBe76Krc+SK5LTB6RIZMmcvsfCMdXcLGuOlTn0LFsVPGOSrDco+KkrETlCVx3xzp2zVldbjiat5RoVhlpnKdo\/oQI0dqI2GckFx85O4vbiNI2VwscjE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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1wzi9h3.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Water Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Extreme value statistics for floods and droughts<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Extreme-value statistics gives the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 return-period\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The average interval between events that reach or exceed a given intensity, equal to the inverse of the annual exceedance probability. It describes long-run frequency, not a schedule.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">return period<\/a> its meaning: how rare a flow, a rainfall depth or a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">dry spell<\/a> is, and how uncertain that estimate is when the record is short.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Water Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Extreme value statistics for floods and droughts on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"console\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Extreme value theory and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Water Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What extreme value theory and tail risk does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Extreme value theory and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a> study the behaviour of rare, high-impact events. They provide methods to estimate the magnitude and frequency of extremes beyond the range of observed data. In water, climate and hazards and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 critical-infrastructure\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Physical and digital assets, systems and networks whose disruption would seriously affect health, safety, security, economic welfare or the functioning of government. Criticality depends on what relies on them.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">critical infrastructure<\/a>, extreme value methods set design levels and capital buffers for rare events. Tail dependence analysis reveals when extremes in different <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> tend to occur together. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Return-period flows and rainfall<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Generalised extreme-value or peaks-over-threshold distributions are fitted to annual maxima, with confidence intervals reported alongside the point estimate.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Regional frequency analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Short records are pooled across hydrologically similar catchments so ungauged sites inherit a defensible frequency curve.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Compound and non-stationary extremes<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Dependence between rainfall and surge, or drought and heat, is modelled with copulas; trends in the record are tested and, where present, the frequency curve is allowed to move.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Water now in the Nile Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture over the Nile Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"nile-basin:water\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"water\" data-ml-plan=\"p-b1eb205f\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:water\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.water.imerg gibs.water.flood gibs.water.rzsm gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.water.grace ev.eonet r.imerg r.dist f.flood r.hls r.dswxs1 r.smap f.era5\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"22,-4,40,32\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Water now, the Nile Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"imerg||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Rain now<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Water now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"grace\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-short=\"Water storage anomaly\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite gravimetry; latest month GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Water storage anomaly, monthly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GRACE-FO JPL mascons \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"grace\">July 2022<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (latest month GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"grace\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.grace\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (latest month GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GRACE-FO JPL mascons (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>monthly; Satellite gravimetry; latest month GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2022-07-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite gravimetry; latest month GIBS publishes. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 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class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Water now, framed on the Nile Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA GPM IMERG Early \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.grace-fo-mascon\">GRACE and GRACE-FO JPL mascon solution, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Water storage anomaly, monthly: GRACE-FO JPL mascons, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"grace\">July 2022<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/stem\/extreme-value\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Water Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Data, Simulator, Validation, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Data, Simulator, Validation, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Validation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by extreme value theory and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a> on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Annual maximum series<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Distribution fitting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Peaks over threshold<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Distribution fitting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Regional catchment descriptors<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Pooling groups<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Climate model projections<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Non-stationary scenarios<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/stem\/extreme-value\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/stem\/extreme-value\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Route a storm through a river network.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Nile Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-water-nexus-stem-extreme-value-0\" data-nxi=\"routing\" data-nxi-id=\"routing\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Route a storm through a river network\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-water-nexus-stem-extreme-value-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Hydrographs\" data-nx-z=\"zZfPjpswEMZfZeRTKy1e\/8FgS0su7aGXqoeqD+AFZ4NKYAVOlX2uvkGfrPIYss0WUrKVqh4CH3jG\/Pwxsc1dU7cOysYOQ0HaY1K3yUNfVwSOvCBKEziKgqicEXjiBREmo0GKSd5u7rw7+vMO\/FcCx4KoEFkQyVjICWGJbctd1xfEtRXZsLvbcHNzdx1Cmp8QUK5AEIrPIwj2Oghu9AQR5RoIJuYh0tdCpOYEgXIFBFdyHiJ7LQRjlI8QKNdAsDTk\/A6hXwmh+MSAagWCUvME\/IZdYrDHSMCFpCZCjHL8d0QKyS5DTDkFkTx9gbGvq6pxoTRXYBhN8xEjyuswxpxLGOkKDJFLmkWMUV6FMeVcwshWYMhU0zRijPIqjCnnEoZegZEKSWXEGOVVGFPOJQy+pkZTo0ONI0eU13GMORc51hTp3CJyWkLmEayPb4SP70MuAXzoDv0AQ92WDvzOweC7fg\/37sG2E9hi71yMM6Ka7xx8b9th2\/X7gvSdt969SQwDLoAr9ZZs3tdDubP9g4M3+x\/fb4e3y1b0brvkhcypGN1AOetH77aROYuGCCmoIJt3O9u2roHSPtqy9k9gPbrQHXzj\/ITzaP3uvLumJVBZb5OyICUnUBXko9IgTNaYhEsqwSRcUwOamkRwysEkQlARTxmYxGBMjKQ8xIEIF5BSBQayEASapmDA0BwMcEZTDEMR7upwBAM5NZihsVlhZuxFYqbASHw6cJrHTvAKEzEGw\/H5VIaA2MzPDgx\/ofH56pe7L+5c2RJe2x98FqOu7LAriO8P7mQ8F4bmjUkyEwaSiGg8F2i8Ql6epTioTKNBIp64iKahQfxkCRoxWjA\/gL8e8IqWf2GqXCheSVX0kKGjOdZuipXEGfrDOVaOiQUDGZZQik2x4mI7j7ZmWDjpyVfxXFXzFfUfWvn7tNR8PZ8HcIbKxyVU6WkBzZ73\/Nninr+5b+L+Sus4ReVh17\/5hFPRDfTdwbtqeYY8Q5GLKJqfUFCuQ9EqoHx5fHQ99M6Wu5UcYpFj1WfQS474IbT5fNhDt4WmK20D\/aHtttsbOLR\/cug4grXHOin7LjTESSQgsgh4+jB4Xl\/hWz3U93VT+6eC7Oqqci253fwE\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Storm rainfall depth<\/dt><dd>120 mm<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Storm duration<\/dt><dd>12 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Curve number (soil and land cover)<\/dt><dd>78<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Catchment area<\/dt><dd>800 km\u00b2<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reaches on the main stem<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Travel time per reach (Muskingum K)<\/dt><dd>6.0 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Muskingum X (storage weighting)<\/dt><dd>0.20<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Channel capacity per unit area<\/dt><dd>300 L\/s per km\u00b2<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak discharge at the outlet<\/dt><dd>452 m\u00b3\/s<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Time to peak<\/dt><dd>21.6 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Attenuation by the channel<\/dt><dd>61%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Hours over capacity<\/dt><dd>26.4 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Runoff coefficient<\/dt><dd>52%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hour<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Outlet (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unrouted (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Upper reach (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2.4<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>678.9<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12.0<\/th><td>308.3<\/td><td>1,151.4<\/td><td>181.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">21.6<\/th><td>452.4<\/td><td>35.1<\/td><td>73.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">31.2<\/th><td>363.3<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>11.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40.8<\/th><td>198.8<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">50.4<\/th><td>79.3<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">60.0<\/th><td>25.4<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">69.6<\/th><td>6.9<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">79.2<\/th><td>1.7<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">88.8<\/th><td>0.4<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">98.4<\/th><td>0.1<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">108.0<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">117.6<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">127.2<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">136.8<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Curve number runoff <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">USDA Soil Conservation Service (1972), National Engineering Handbook, Section 4: Hydrology<\/span><\/li><li>Linear reservoir <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nash (1957), The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph, IAHS 45<\/span><\/li><li>Muskingum channel routing <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">McCarthy (1938); Cunge (1969), Journal of Hydraulic Research 7<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Rivers <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Lakes and reservoirs <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA GPM IMERG Early \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), Copernicus GloFAS \u00b7 register open-meteo.public-pages<\/span><\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA SMAP \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Surface water, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-HLS) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-HLS (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-S1 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-1 data 2026) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Route a storm through a river network. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Curve number runoff (USDA Soil Conservation Service (1972), National Engineering Handbook, Section 4: Hydrology); Linear reservoir (Nash (1957), The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph, IAHS 45); Muskingum channel routing (McCarthy (1938); Cunge (1969), Journal of Hydraulic Research 7).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/foundry\/\">Water Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/universe\/\">Water Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/\">Water and Food Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/reports\/\">Water Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Fits are checked with diagnostic plots, goodness-of-fit tests and out-of-sample comparison. Sensitivity to threshold and record length is reported.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Goodness of fit<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Several distributions are compared; the choice and its effect on the estimate are reported<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Bootstrap uncertainty<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Confidence intervals are resampled, not assumed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Stationarity tests<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Trend and change-point tests precede any quoted <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 return-period\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The average interval between events that reach or exceed a given intensity, equal to the inverse of the annual exceedance probability. It describes long-run frequency, not a schedule.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">return period<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Extrapolation far beyond the data is highly uncertain. Changing climates and markets violate stationarity assumptions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model extreme value statistics for floods and droughts as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-stem-extreme-value-G01\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Flash flood<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">Meteorological drought<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">Groundwater depletion<\/a><\/li><li>Dam failure<\/li><li>Debris flow (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Hydrological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Peat and underground fire (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Forest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Acute food crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Dust storm (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land subsidence (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Saltwater intrusion (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver and cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\">Hydrometeorological hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U28<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Water Nexus<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K42<\/code> Domain pack profile: Cross border basins (DOMAIN-042)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N1<\/code> Water risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-N7<\/code> Water-energy-food-health-biodiversity-infrastructure nexus coupling<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>USGS Water Data APIs (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GRACE\/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage mascons (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources<\/li><li>Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation<\/li><li>Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services<\/li><li>Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin: 178 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Connections, Risk and response, Stewardship, Methods and evidence\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connections, Risk and response, Stewardship, Methods and evidence\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connections<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Risk and response<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Stewardship<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods and evidence<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/\"><span>Drought and flood<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/water-energy-interdependence\/\"><span>Water-energy interdependence<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.pluvial\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"Water ponding and running over land where intense rain exceeds the capacity of the ground and the drains, away from any river.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">urban flood<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIH\" data-sig-ctx=\"urban-flood\" data-sig-name=\"Urban flood\" data-sig-line=\"Flooded streets take out substations, pumping stations and clinic access together; drinking water fails when power does.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Urban flood<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> first hit, then depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"9\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.86<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.83<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.41<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01235\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river flows&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Release options tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Release-rule exercise with operators and downstream users&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Users at the table&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common records for releases, flows and fish passage&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Flow records shared&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin profile: storage, output and river health&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Basin indicators&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on multi-purpose reservoir operation&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one 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2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"urban-flood\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">11 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 11 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Urban flood<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"WI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Warning lead time <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">30%<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEIH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Lifelines modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"WEH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Hours to restore <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Agencies sharing records <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> City flood profile of exposed lifelines<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"WEH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for utility and emergency operators<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Operators qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Urban flood<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Flooded streets take out substations, pumping stations and clinic access together; drinking water fails when power does.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to urban flood<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>11<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>30%<\/strong><span>less damage with 24 hours&#8217; warning of a storm or <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a><\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/a> stewards extreme value theory and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a> for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\">Canonical page: Extreme value theory and tail risk<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How extreme value statistics for floods and droughts is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in extreme value statistics for floods and droughts: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Water, Climate, Critical infrastructure, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Water<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Critical infrastructure<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-11-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-12-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/stem\/extreme-value\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr><\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Extreme value theory and tail risk for reinsurance and catastrophe<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of extreme value theory and tail risk in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Extrapolation far beyond the data is highly uncertain. Changing climates and markets violate stationarity assumptions.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Fits are checked with diagnostic plots, goodness-of-fit tests and out-of-sample comparison. Sensitivity to threshold and record length is reported.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Water Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/water-nexus\/stem\/extreme-value#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-water-nexus-stem-extreme-value-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-water-nexus-stem-extreme-value-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-water-nexus-stem-extreme-value-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/drought\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Drought<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/water-security\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Water security and hydrology<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Water risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Water Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-14\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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