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\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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nwsa9lsb.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Water Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Drought and flood<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Droughts and floods are the two ends of hydrological variability, and they increasingly occur together: a dry season that empties reservoirs and dries soils, then intense rain on hard ground that overwhelms drainage. This page sets out how the two extremes develop, how they are measured and forecast, and what the forecasts can and cannot tell the people who must act on them.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drought and flood on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"fieldmap\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Water Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-explorer\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Explorer<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">3 scenarios<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drought and flood: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Compound water extremes, forecasts and limits. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Deficit builds slowly<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">rainfall deficit<\/a> becomes a soil-moisture deficit, then <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.hydrological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Streamflow, lake and reservoir levels falling below normal, restricting supply, hydropower and river navigation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">low river flow<\/a> and falling reservoirs and groundwater. Heat deepens it: higher evaporation and higher demand for irrigation and cooling at the same time.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Floods arrive fast<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Flash floods from intense convective rain, river floods from sustained basin-wide rain or snowmelt, and coastal floods from surge and tide. The same storm can produce all three.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The two compound<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture and releases it in heavier bursts. Dry, compacted or burnt ground sheds water instead of absorbing it, so a drought raises the flood risk of the rain that ends it.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19.07 4.93A10 10 0 0 0 6.99 3.34\"\/><path d=\"M4 6h.01\"\/><path d=\"M2.29 9.62A10 10 0 1 0 21.31 8.35\"\/><path d=\"M16.24 7.76A6 6 0 1 0 8.23 16.67\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h.01\"\/><path d=\"M17.99 11.66A6 6 0 0 1 15.77 16.67\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m13.41 10.59 5.66-5.66\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Impacts cascade<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Reservoir storage sets hydropower output; turbine curtailment strains the grid; pumping and treatment lose power; hospitals fall back on fuel. Each step carries its own evidence label and its own uncertainty.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Water now in the Nile Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture over the Nile Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"nile-basin:water\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"water\" data-ml-plan=\"p-7e5ace47\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-chart=\"f.power\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:water\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.water.imerg gibs.water.flood gibs.water.rzsm gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.health.people ev.eonet r.imerg r.dist f.flood r.hls r.dswxs1 r.smap f.era5\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"22,-4,40,32\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Water now, the Nile Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"imerg||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Rain now<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Water now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg 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available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Water now, framed on the Nile Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA GPM IMERG Early \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Water Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How droughts and floods reach energy, food, health and nature.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Low flows cut hydropower and force thermal plants to curtail when cooling water is scarce or too warm; floods inundate substations. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/hydropower-and-water\/\">hydropower and water<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Reservoir storage against rule curves; river temperature at plant intakes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Rainfall deficits at sensitive crop stages reduce yields; floods destroy standing crops and stored grain. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-system-shocks\/\">food system shocks<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Soil moisture anomaly during flowering; flooded cropland in hectares<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Drought concentrates contaminants and drives unsafe water use; floods spread waterborne and <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/biological-hazard-standards\/\">vector-borne disease<\/a>. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\">environmental health<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Diarrhoeal disease and cholera alerts after floods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Wetlands and floodplains buffer both extremes, and lose that capacity when drained or disconnected. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/\">wetlands and freshwater<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Floodplain connectivity; wetland extent<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Basin stress monitor.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-water-basin-stress\" data-cx=\"water.basin-stress\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Basin stress monitor: illustrative console with example names and values\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Basin stress monitor: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Drought and flood.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where drought and flood evidence is designed to go, and how to add to it.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Drought and flood analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience series<\/a>, and verification of drought indicators and flood forecasts for the Methods and Technical series. Under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, each indicator series (a Standardized Precipitation Index for a basin, a flood extent for an event) would carry an <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)<\/a> record identifier under NS-3 so that a figure in a report can be traced to its record. Warnings remain with national hydrometeorological services; the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) issues none.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Digitised historical gauge or rainfall records that lengthen a short series.<\/li><li>Post-event flood marks and dates surveyed on the ground, for validating satellite extents.<\/li><li>Drought impact records from farms, utilities or clinics, so indices can be tested against what happened.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Route a storm through a river network.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Nile Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-water-nexus-topics-drought-and-flood-0\" data-nxi=\"routing\" data-nxi-id=\"routing\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Route a storm through a river network\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-water-nexus-topics-drought-and-flood-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Hydrographs\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Storm rainfall depth<\/dt><dd>120 mm<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Storm duration<\/dt><dd>12 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Curve number (soil and land cover)<\/dt><dd>78<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Catchment area<\/dt><dd>800 km\u00b2<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reaches on the main stem<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Travel time per reach (Muskingum K)<\/dt><dd>6.0 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Muskingum X (storage weighting)<\/dt><dd>0.20<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Channel capacity per unit area<\/dt><dd>300 L\/s per km\u00b2<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak discharge at the outlet<\/dt><dd>452 m\u00b3\/s<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Time to peak<\/dt><dd>21.6 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Attenuation by the channel<\/dt><dd>61%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Hours over capacity<\/dt><dd>26.4 h<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Runoff coefficient<\/dt><dd>52%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hour<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Outlet (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unrouted (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Upper reach (m\u00b3\/s)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2.4<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>678.9<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12.0<\/th><td>308.3<\/td><td>1,151.4<\/td><td>181.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">21.6<\/th><td>452.4<\/td><td>35.1<\/td><td>73.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">31.2<\/th><td>363.3<\/td><td>1.1<\/td><td>11.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40.8<\/th><td>198.8<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">50.4<\/th><td>79.3<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">60.0<\/th><td>25.4<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">69.6<\/th><td>6.9<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">79.2<\/th><td>1.7<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">88.8<\/th><td>0.4<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">98.4<\/th><td>0.1<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">108.0<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">117.6<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">127.2<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">136.8<\/th><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Curve number runoff <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">USDA Soil Conservation Service (1972), National Engineering Handbook, Section 4: Hydrology<\/span><\/li><li>Linear reservoir <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nash (1957), The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph, IAHS 45<\/span><\/li><li>Muskingum channel routing <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">McCarthy (1938); Cunge (1969), Journal of Hydraulic Research 7<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Rivers <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Lakes and reservoirs <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA GPM IMERG Early \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), Copernicus GloFAS \u00b7 register open-meteo.public-pages<\/span><\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA SMAP \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Surface water, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-HLS) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-HLS (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA JPL OPERA DSWx-S1 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-1 data 2026) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Route a storm through a river network. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Curve number runoff (USDA Soil Conservation Service (1972), National Engineering Handbook, Section 4: Hydrology); Linear reservoir (Nash (1957), The form of the instantaneous unit hydrograph, IAHS 45); Muskingum channel routing (McCarthy (1938); Cunge (1969), Journal of Hydraulic Research 7).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/foundry\/\">Water Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/universe\/\">Water Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/\">Water and Food Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/reports\/\">Water Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Explorer, Twin and cascade simulator, Indicators, Risk and response\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Explorer, Twin and cascade simulator, Indicators, Risk and response\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-explorer\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Explorer<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Risk and response<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-explorer\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Explorer<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the shock moves through the field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Select a scenario. Real geography, example values: the cells show a design of how stress spreads, not a measurement.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-explorer\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"baseline\" data-levels=\"No signal|Low|Elevated|High|Severe\" data-ratio=\"7-5\"><div><div class=\"nx-plate\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Field view<\/strong> \u00b7 select a scenario<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" data-tip=\"Coastlines, lakes and rivers from Natural Earth; elevation and sea floor from the GEBCO 2020 Grid (GEBCO Compilation Group), not for navigation. Cell levels are examples a national programme replaces with its own evidence.\" tabindex=\"0\">Real geography \u00b7 example values<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-field\" data-terrain=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1140 640\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-field-basin-t nx-field-basin-d\" data-nx-zf=\"figure.3f477cbe52c5.txt\" data-nx-zs=\"sha256-P0d8vlLF+4Wp4FGrW83W+BikjyO5vnGM2JZert9CjjI=\"><title id=\"nx-field-basin-t\">Basin stress field, illustrative values on real geography<\/title><desc id=\"nx-field-basin-d\">The Lower Mekong region and how stress could build across it under three scenarios: baseline, drought and heat, or flood after drought. Real geography; illustrative levels, not results.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-legend\"><span>No signal<\/span><span data-l=\"1\">Low<\/span><span data-l=\"2\">Elevated<\/span><span data-l=\"3\">High<\/span><span data-l=\"4\">Severe<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-legend\"><span data-t=\"sea\">Sea floor<\/span><span data-t=\"0\">Delta, 0 to 10 m<\/span><span data-t=\"2\">Plain, 50 to 150 m<\/span><span data-t=\"4\">Upland, 400 to 800 m<\/span><span data-t=\"6\">Highland, 1,500 to 2,500 m<\/span><span data-t=\"river\">Rivers<\/span><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 01<\/strong><span>Drought and flood on a reference basin with real elevation, coastlines, lakes and rivers. Cell levels are examples, not results; a national programme replaces them with its own labelled evidence.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Scenario\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-baseline\" aria-controls=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-baseline\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"baseline\">Baseline<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-drought\" aria-controls=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-drought\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"drought\">Drought and heat<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-flood\" aria-controls=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-flood\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"flood\">Flood after drought<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-baseline\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-baseline\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Baseline<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Before a shock<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">The reference basin in a normal season: storage within rule curves, flows near the median, no indicator in deficit.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-drought\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-drought\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Drought and heat<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Stress builds inland<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">Deficit indicators agree inland first; hydropower and treatment feel it weeks later. Each step keeps its own label and confidence.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-panel-flood\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-g01-drought-and-flood-tab-flood\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Flood after drought<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">The coast and the lake plain take the second shock<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">Intense rain on dry ground overwhelms drainage and inundates treatment works and pumping stations. The same model shows where the two shocks compound.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Levels in the figure are examples in a design, not findings. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model drought and flood as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-drought-and-flood-G01\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Flash flood<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">Meteorological drought<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">Groundwater depletion<\/a><\/li><li>Dam failure<\/li><li>Debris flow (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Hydrological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Peat and underground fire (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Forest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Acute food crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Dust storm (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land subsidence (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Saltwater intrusion (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver and cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\">Hydrometeorological hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U28<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Water Nexus<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K42<\/code> Domain pack profile: Cross border basins (DOMAIN-042)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N1<\/code> Water risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-N7<\/code> Water-energy-food-health-biodiversity-infrastructure nexus coupling<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>USGS Water Data APIs (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GRACE\/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage mascons (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources<\/li><li>Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation<\/li><li>Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services<\/li><li>Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin: 178 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Standardised precipitation index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless (3, 6, 12 month)<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Gauge and satellite rainfall<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Soil moisture anomaly<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of climatology<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite radiometry, land-surface model<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Streamflow percentile<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of period of record<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Stream gauges<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Reservoir storage<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of live capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Operator records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Groundwater level anomaly<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">metres below mean<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Observation wells, satellite gravimetry<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Flood <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 return-period\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The average interval between events that reach or exceed a given intensity, equal to the inverse of the annual exceedance probability. It describes long-run frequency, not a schedule.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">return period<\/a> of peak flow<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">years<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Flood frequency analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Inundated area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Synthetic-aperture radar<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Population in the flood extent<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">persons<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Gridded population on the flood layer<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors drought touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEFHB\" data-sig-ctx=\"drought\" data-sig-name=\"Drought\" data-sig-line=\"Low river flows cut irrigation, cooling water and hydropower at once; food prices, nutrition and ecosystems follow.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 10 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.68. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Drought<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for pumping and treatment<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.72<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.19<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> depends on water for irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.30<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.30<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> depends on water for environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.23<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river flows&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Release options tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Release-rule exercise with operators and downstream users&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Users at the table&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common records for releases, flows and fish passage&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Flow records shared&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin profile: storage, output and river health&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Basin indicators&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on multi-purpose reservoir operation&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one 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least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators 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on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"drought\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Drought<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"WF\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Lead time to trigger <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEFH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Demand met in drought <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$7.1T<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"WF\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Days from trigger to action <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"WF\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Triggers adopted <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"FH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Outlooks issued <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"WFB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for basin and food-security officers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Officers qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Drought<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Low river flows cut irrigation, cooling water and hydropower at once; food prices, nutrition and ecosystems follow.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.68<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to drought<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-none\"><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>\u2013<\/strong><span>no published benchmark<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>$7.1T<\/strong><span>net benefits<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-none\"><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>\u2013<\/strong><span>no published benchmark<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Sources, Methods and evidence, Decisions, Core questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Methods and evidence, Decisions, Core questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Core questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">CHIRPS rainfall<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Daily and monthly gridded rainfall since 1981, gauge-blended satellite estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Hourly atmospheric and land variables, global, 1940 to present<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Runoff Data Centre<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Daily river discharge from national gauge networks<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for research and public tasks under the data policy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GRACE and GRACE-FO<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies from satellite gravimetry<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">JRC Global Surface Water<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Surface-water occurrence, change and seasonality from Landsat, 1984 onwards<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Sentinel-1 radar<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">All-weather flood extent mapping at ten-metre resolution<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National hydrological services<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Gauge records, reservoir rule curves, warnings<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">By agreement with each service<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G01\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How drought and flood is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in drought and flood: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Water, Climate, Critical infrastructure, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Water<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Critical infrastructure<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Water Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Water allocation authority<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">When to move from voluntary to mandatory restrictions, and in which sectors<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Indicator agreement across SPI, storage and groundwater; outlook skill for the next season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Grid and hydropower operators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How much hydropower to schedule and when to secure replacement capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Reservoir inflow forecasts with confidence bands; the cascade to generation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Disaster management agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">When to warn, pre-position and evacuate, and for which areas<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Flood forecasts by reach, the mapped extent of comparable past events, exposure in the extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Finance ministries and insurers<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">What a one-in-fifty and a one-in-two-hundred year loss looks like, and who carries it<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Return-period losses with retained, transferred and uninsured layers kept apart<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Drought monitor with indicator agreement<\/li><li>Seasonal and sub-seasonal outlooks with skill stated<\/li><li>Flood hazard maps by <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 return-period\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The average interval between events that reach or exceed a given intensity, equal to the inverse of the annual exceedance probability. It describes long-run frequency, not a schedule.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">return period<\/a><\/li><li>Compound-event scenarios for the coupled model<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask about extremes.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How likely is an event of a given size, and is that likelihood changing?<\/li><li>When do several hazards combine, such as heavy rain on saturated ground, a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> with river flooding, or drought with heat?<\/li><li>How far ahead can an event be forecast, and with what confidence?<\/li><li>Which people, services and assets are exposed and how vulnerable are they?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms, Methods and data, Methods, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms, Methods and data, Methods, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Mechanisms<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How extremes develop and combine.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Drought develops slowly: a lack of rainfall becomes a soil moisture deficit, then low river flows and falling reservoirs and groundwater. Higher temperatures intensify it by increasing evaporation. Floods can be fast, as in flash floods from intense convective rain, or slow, as in large river floods driven by prolonged rain or snowmelt.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-2\">A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, which tends to increase heavy rainfall intensity. Compound events matter because their joint probability is higher than independent hazards would suggest, and because they defeat defences designed for one hazard at a time. A drought can harden soils and kill vegetation, increasing runoff when rain returns.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Forecasts, statistics and their limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Frequency analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/extreme-value\/\">extreme value analysis<\/a> estimates return periods from records. Short or non-stationary records make rare-event estimates uncertain.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Forecasting<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ensemble weather and hydrological forecasts, with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\">forecasting and time-series analysis<\/a>, give probabilities rather than certainties. Skill falls with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 lead-time\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The interval between issuing a forecast or warning and the onset of the event it concerns.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">lead time<\/a> and is lower for convective rainfall.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Exposure mapping<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Flood and drought maps built with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\">geospatial information systems<\/a> and Earth observation. Maps reflect their input data and defences as assumed, not necessarily as built.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/hydrology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Hydrology and water science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Rainfall-runoff modelling of a basin \u00b7 Water balance accounting<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Hydrology and water science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Flood forecasting by reach \u00b7 Seasonal drought outlooks \u00b7 Inflow forecasts for reservoirs<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Forecasting and time-series analysis\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/extreme-value\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Extreme value theory and tail risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Return-period flows and rainfall \u00b7 Regional frequency analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Extreme value theory and tail risk\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Flood extent from radar \u00b7 Surface water and reservoir monitoring<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/uncertainty-quantification\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Uncertainty quantification and model validation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Ensemble and parameter uncertainty \u00b7 Propagation through the cascade \u00b7 Evidence labelling<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/uncertainty-quantification\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Uncertainty quantification and model validation\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Forecasts give probabilities, not events. Short records make rare return periods uncertain by a wide margin. Gauge networks are thinning in many basins, so satellite and model products carry more weight and their labels matter more. Compound events are harder to estimate than either extreme alone because their dependence changes with the climate. Water Nexus issues no warnings; competent authorities do, under their own rules.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/idurl\/4\/39629\"><span>Standardized Precipitation Index user guide, WMO-No. 1090 (WMO, 2012)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.droughtmanagement.info\/\"><span>National Drought Management Policy Guidelines: a template for action (WMO and GWP Integrated Drought Management Programme, 2014)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu\/\"><span>Global Flood Awareness System (Copernicus Emergency Management Service)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/drought.emergency.copernicus.eu\/\"><span>Global Drought Observatory (Copernicus Emergency Management Service)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/\"><span>IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group I, chapters 8 and 11 on the water cycle and extremes (IPCC, 2021)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-3\/\"><span>NS-3, NXS-GRX record UNIs, a proposed standard<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-20-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/climate-hazards\/topics\/heat-and-drought\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Heat and drought<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Hydrological impact context links to hazard science without equating forecast and observed evidence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/catastrophe-models\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr><\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Catastrophe models<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Drought\/flood evidence links to independent reinsurance modelling and its uncertainty.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-20-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What does a one-in-a-hundred year flood mean?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A flow with a one percent chance of being exceeded in any given year, estimated from the record. It is not a flood that happens once a century, and two can occur in consecutive years.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do forecasts give probabilities?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because the atmosphere and the catchment are only partly observed and only partly predictable. A probability states what the evidence supports; a single number would hide the uncertainty that decision-makers need to see.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why are compound events hard to estimate?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Each extreme has a short record, and their dependence on each other is changing. Estimating the joint probability needs assumptions that the record cannot fully test, so the page keeps those assumptions visible.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Water Nexus issue warnings?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Warnings are issued by national hydrological and meteorological services and civil protection authorities. Water Nexus prepares evidence those authorities can use under their own mandates.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this page are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The indicator names, units, sources and methods are real. Levels in the figures are examples in a design. A national programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is drought measured?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">With indices that compare current conditions with the local record: rainfall through the standardised precipitation index, soil moisture, streamflow, reservoir storage and groundwater. Several indices that agree give stronger evidence than any one alone.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is climate change making droughts and floods worse?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">IPCC assessments find that heavy rainfall has intensified over most land regions with adequate records, and that agricultural and ecological drought has increased in some regions. The change at a given place depends on its region and record, so Water Nexus reports local evidence with its label.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does a one-in-a-hundred-year flood mean?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">An event with a one in a hundred chance of being equalled or exceeded in any given year, estimated from past records. It can happen in consecutive years, and the estimate changes as the climate and catchment change.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Water Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/water-nexus\/topics\/drought-and-flood#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-water-nexus-topics-drought-and-flood-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-water-nexus-topics-drought-and-flood-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-water-nexus-topics-drought-and-flood-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/drought\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Drought<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/water-security\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Water security and hydrology<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Water risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-21\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Water Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-22\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-22\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does a one-in-a-hundred year flood mean?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A flow with a one percent chance of being exceeded in any given year, estimated from the record. 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