Environmental flow assessment
Flow records and hydraulic models are linked to the habitat needs of fish, vegetation and wetlands to define the flow regime that sustains them.
GCRI · Biodiversity Nexus
Hydrology connects biodiversity to water: flow regimes shape freshwater habitats, wetlands store and release water, and catchment condition affects the quantity and quality of water reaching people. It quantifies the water services ecosystems provide and the flows ecosystems themselves need.
Hydrology studies the movement, distribution and quality of water across the land surface, subsurface and atmosphere. It underpins the assessment of floods, droughts and water supply, which affect food, energy, health and infrastructure together. In biodiversity and nature, climate and hazards and oceans and coasts, hydrological estimates set design standards for dams, levees and drainage and inform water allocation between competing users. They link climate hazards to downstream effects on power generation, crops and public health. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Flow records and hydraulic models are linked to the habitat needs of fish, vegetation and wetlands to define the flow regime that sustains them.
Rainfall-runoff and routing models are run with and without floodplain storage or forest cover to estimate how ecosystems change flood peaks downstream.
Sediment and nutrient models trace how land cover and erosion upstream affect water quality at intakes, reservoirs and coastal habitats.
Flood water, rain and root-zone soil moisture over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
نەخشە کارلێککارەکە JavaScript پێویستە؛ لیستی چینەکان و سەرچاوەکان لە خوارەوەن.
چینەکان 3
Water now, for this page
کیبۆرد، کاتێک نەخشە فۆکەسی لەسەرە
Ctrl یان ⌘ ڕابگرە و بسوڕێنە بۆ نزیک و دوورکردنەوە
نوێترین بەردەست
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI، NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
نوێترین وێنەی NASA بار دەکرێت.
بۆ جوڵاندن ڕایبکێشە. Ctrl یان ⌘ ڕابگرە و بسوڕێنە، پینچ بکە یان دوگمەکان بۆ نزیک و دوورکردنەوە؛ بەسەر بەهاکاندا ڕابوەستە لە ژێر نیشانەدەر؛ گەڕاندنەوە دەگەڕێتەوە بۆ ناوچەکە.
Water now, framed on the Amazon Basin.بەرهەمی ماهەوارە و مۆدێل وەک NASA بڵاوی دەکاتەوە، هەر یەکەیان بە بەرواری خۆی. نیشاندەرن، نەک هەڵسەنگاندنی هیچ شوێنێک.
چینەکان و بەروارەکان
Datasets and records used by hydrology and water science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.
| داتا | ڕۆڵ | ناونیشان |
|---|---|---|
| Stream gauge records | Flow regime and calibration | چاودێریکراو |
| JRC Global Surface Water | Wetland and floodplain inundation | چاودێریکراو |
| HydroSHEDS river networks | Catchment delineation and connectivity | مۆدێلکراو |
| Water quality monitoring | Nutrient and sediment loads | چاودێریکراو |
The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Biodiversity · Hydrology for ecosystems · Run R-6654
held-out period
| T+2 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.22 | Skilful |
| T+4 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.38 | Skilful |
| T+6 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.19 | Skilful |
| T+8 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | Skilful |
Models are calibrated on one period of observed flows and tested on an independent period or neighbouring catchment. Skill scores and comparison with surveyed flood extents are used to judge performance.
| بپشکنە | How it is done |
|---|---|
| Split-sample calibration | Models are fitted on one period and tested on another, with test-period skill reported |
| Ecological response validation | Flow-ecology relationships are checked against field surveys of the species or habitats they claim to support |
| Paired scenario runs | With-and-without ecosystem runs use the same forcing so that differences can be attributed |
Assumptions of stationarity weaken as climate and land use change. Ungauged basins, karst aquifers and rapid urbanisation are poorly represented by parameters fitted elsewhere.
Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Amazon Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.
کۆنترۆڵەکان
خوێندنەوەکان
| Hour | Outlet (m³/s) | Unrouted (m³/s) | Upper reach (m³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 0.0 | 678.9 | 0.0 |
| 12.0 | 308.3 | 1,151.4 | 181.8 |
| 21.6 | 452.4 | 35.1 | 73.7 |
| 31.2 | 363.3 | 1.1 | 11.1 |
| 40.8 | 198.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| 50.4 | 79.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| 60.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 69.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 79.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 88.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 98.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 127.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 136.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
لە ناو شەش کۆڵەکەکەدا، بە سەرپەرشتیی Nexus Consortium
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile ستانداردەکانی مەترسیی فرەجۆریی زیندەوەری و سروشت: the hazards it names, the سیستەمە and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
مەترسیدەرەکان
سیستەم و بەستنەوەکان
کۆنترۆڵەکان
NS-0 دەستوور و بنەماکانNS-1 ئەو UNI و کاتالۆگی بەرهەمە دروستکراوەکان (ڕێزمانی v0.2: بەشەکانی بوار، کەرت، هەرێم و ژینگە)NS-3 UNIەکانی تۆماری مەترسی (ڕێزمان، خشتەی گواستنەوەی کۆن، دەسەڵاتی تەرخانکردن)NS-3b پڕۆفایلی میتاداتای کۆمەڵە داتا و بەرهەم (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-5 Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI/UX kit)NS-9 UNIی ناوەڕۆکی (دامەزراندنەکان، نموونەکان، نموونەکانی پڕۆگرام)NS-11 سەلماندن و چاودێری (بەڵگە، گواهییەکان، چاودێریی گونجان لەگەڵ zero-trust)NRS-N5 مەترسی و خۆڕاگریی فرەجۆریی زیندەوەری و سروشتNRS-H65 خێزانی مەترسیدەر: پێشێلکردنی سنوورەکانی گۆی زەوی (NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H27 خێزانی مەترسیدەر: فشار لەسەر فرەجۆریی زیندەوەری و جۆرەکان (NHS-1 eco.species)NRS-H26 خێزانی مەترسیدەر: داڕمانی زەوی و زەلکاو (NHS-1 eco.land)NRS-H28 خێزانی مەترسیدەر: گۆڕانی باری کەشوهەوا (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)NRS-H64 خێزانی مەترسیدەر: گۆڕانی ڕژێمی ئیکۆسیستەم (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)چاودێری
جوگرافیای نموونە
Water Nexus stewards hydrology and water science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
The sectors hydrology for ecosystems touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
واژۆ
Water and Biodiversity
Water gives biodiversity environmental flows (0.6): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.
W · E · I · F · H · B
مۆدێلەکە، گریمانەکانی، داتاکانی و نادڵنیاییەکەی، بەو شێوەیەی زانا یان ئەندازیارێک دەیپشکنێت. پێکهاتەکان ڕێگا بڵاوکراوەکان دەگرنەبەر. بەهاکانی کێشراو نموونەییە، نەک دۆزینەوە.
How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on hydrology for ecosystems, and where each step adds uncertainty.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
هەرگیز داتای کەسی، وردەکاریی هەستیاری ژێرخان یان هیچ شتێک مەنێرە کە مافی بڵاوکردنەوەت نییە. بەشدارییەک پێش بەکارهێنان پێداچوونەوەی بۆ دەکرێت؛ ناردنی ماف نابەخشێت بە نووسەرایەتی یان بەڕێوەبردنی ڕاگەیاندن، و پاڵپشتی دارایی هەرگیز دۆزینەوەیەک ناکڕێت.
زانیاری و پرسیار ئەمڕۆ کراوەن. پرسیارێک ژمارەی ئاماژەی پێدەدرێت و هەنگاوی دواتر دیاری دەکات؛ داواکاری، پارەدان، تەرخانکردنی کۆمپیوتەر و تۆمارکردن تەنیا کاتێک دەکرێنەوە کە تیم، مەرج و توانای پێداچوونەوەیان هەبێت.
نەخشە، داتا و وێنەکانی ئەم ماڵپەڕە بۆ ناوەڕۆک و زانیاریی گشتی پیشان دراون. ئامۆژگاری، پێشبینی یان ئاگادارکردنەوە نین؛ سنوورەکانی زانیارییەکە لە ڕەتکردنەوەی بەرپرسیارێتی و ئاگاداریی داتادا دەستنیشان کراون.
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