Environmental flow assessment
Flow records and hydraulic models are linked to the habitat needs of fish, vegetation and wetlands to define the flow regime that sustains them.
GCRI · Biodiversity Nexus
Hydrology connects biodiversity to water: flow regimes shape freshwater habitats, wetlands store and release water, and catchment condition affects the quantity and quality of water reaching people. It quantifies the water services ecosystems provide and the flows ecosystems themselves need.
Hydrology studies the movement, distribution and quality of water across the land surface, subsurface and atmosphere. It underpins the assessment of floods, droughts and water supply, which affect food, energy, health and infrastructure together. In biodiversity and nature, climate and hazards and oceans and coasts, hydrological estimates set design standards for dams, levees and drainage and inform water allocation between competing users. They link climate hazards to downstream effects on power generation, crops and public health. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Flow records and hydraulic models are linked to the habitat needs of fish, vegetation and wetlands to define the flow regime that sustains them.
Rainfall-runoff and routing models are run with and without floodplain storage or forest cover to estimate how ecosystems change flood peaks downstream.
Sediment and nutrient models trace how land cover and erosion upstream affect water quality at intakes, reservoirs and coastal habitats.
Flood water, rain and root-zone soil moisture over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
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NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap 기여자 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
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끌어서 이동합니다. Ctrl 또는 ⌘를 누른 채 스크롤하거나 핀치 또는 버튼으로 확대합니다. 포인터 아래의 값은 마우스를 올려 확인하며, 초기화하면 해당 지역으로 돌아갑니다.
Water now, framed on the Amazon Basin.NASA가 게시한 그대로의 위성 및 모형 산출물로, 각각 고유한 날짜가 있습니다. 지표이며 어떤 장소에 대한 평가도 아닙니다.
레이어와 날짜
Datasets and records used by hydrology and water science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 출처 등록부.
| 데이터 | 역할 | 라벨 |
|---|---|---|
| Stream gauge records | Flow regime and calibration | 관측 |
| JRC Global Surface Water | Wetland and floodplain inundation | 관측 |
| HydroSHEDS river networks | Catchment delineation and connectivity | 모형 산출 |
| Water quality monitoring | Nutrient and sediment loads | 관측 |
팀이 이 방법을 따라가는 데 사용할 화면으로, 그 지표, 상태, 결정을 보여 줍니다. 이름은 예시이며 값은 설명용입니다.
Biodiversity · Hydrology for ecosystems · Run R-6654
held-out period
| T+2 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.22 | Skilful |
| T+4 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.38 | Skilful |
| T+6 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.19 | Skilful |
| T+8 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | Skilful |
Models are calibrated on one period of observed flows and tested on an independent period or neighbouring catchment. Skill scores and comparison with surveyed flood extents are used to judge performance.
| 점검 | 수행 방식 |
|---|---|
| Split-sample calibration | Models are fitted on one period and tested on another, with test-period skill reported |
| Ecological response validation | Flow-ecology relationships are checked against field surveys of the species or habitats they claim to support |
| Paired scenario runs | With-and-without ecosystem runs use the same forcing so that differences can be attributed |
Assumptions of stationarity weaken as climate and land use change. Ungauged basins, karst aquifers and rapid urbanisation are poorly represented by parameters fitted elsewhere.
Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Amazon Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.
통제 수단
판독값
| Hour | Outlet (m³/s) | Unrouted (m³/s) | Upper reach (m³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 0.0 | 678.9 | 0.0 |
| 12.0 | 308.3 | 1,151.4 | 181.8 |
| 21.6 | 452.4 | 35.1 | 73.7 |
| 31.2 | 363.3 | 1.1 | 11.1 |
| 40.8 | 198.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| 50.4 | 79.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| 60.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 69.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 79.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 88.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 98.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 127.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 136.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
여섯 기둥 전반에 걸쳐, Nexus Consortium 주도
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 생물다양성 및 자연 리스크 표준: the hazards it names, the 시스템 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
재해
시스템과 결합
통제 수단
NS-0 헌장과 원칙NS-1 사회를 움직이는 UNI 와 산출물 카탈로그(문법 v0.2: 영역, 부문, 지역, 환경 구간)NS-3 리스크 기록 UNI(문법, 기존 체계 대응, 할당 권한)NS-3b 데이터셋 및 제품 메타데이터 프로파일(STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-5 도표, 지도 및 시각화 표준(UI/UX 키트 포함)NS-9 맥락 UNI(배치, 인스턴스, 프로그램 인스턴스)NS-11 검증 및 모니터링(근거, 증명, 제로 트러스트 적합성 관찰)NRS-N5 생물다양성과 자연의 위험 및 회복력NRS-H65 재해 계열: 행성 경계 초과(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H27 재해 계열: 생물다양성과 종 스트레스(NHS-1 eco.species)NRS-H26 재해 계열: 토지 및 습지 황폐화(NHS-1 eco.land)NRS-H28 재해 계열: 기후 상태 전환(NHS-1 eco.climate-state)NRS-H64 재해 계열: 생태계 체제 전환(NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)관측
예시 지리
Water Nexus stewards hydrology and water science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
The sectors hydrology for ecosystems touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
서명
Water and Biodiversity
Water gives biodiversity environmental flows (0.6): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.
W · E · I · F · H · B
모형, 그 가정, 데이터, 불확실성을 과학자나 엔지니어가 확인할 형태로 제시합니다. 구조는 발행된 방법을 따릅니다. 제시된 값은 예시이며 결과가 아닙니다.
How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on hydrology for ecosystems, and where each step adds uncertainty.
보고서 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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