Reports · GCRI · Established
Critical infrastructure · Cities and built environment
Infrastruktur Kritis di Reports
Reliability and resilience of lifeline infrastructure and the services on which communities and economies rely. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.
- Seri
- 2
- Sistem
- 5
- Metode
- 12
What this area brings to the editions.
Keandalan dan ketahanan infrastruktur jalur kehidupan serta layanan yang menjadi sandaran masyarakat dan ekonomi.
Critical Infrastructure on the map.
Peta interaktif memerlukan JavaScript. Daftar lapisan dan sumber tersedia di bawah.
Lapisan 3
Keterpaparan infrastruktur, untuk halaman ini
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; radiansi satelit, dikoreksi untuk cahaya bulan dan atmosfer
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 500 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Pancaran radiasi satelit pada malam hari untuk tanggal yang ditampilkan; cahaya adalah proksi penggunaan listrik dan pemadaman, bukan ukuran pasokan atau akses.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Estimasi
- Sumber
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia))
- Penyedia
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia)
- Lisensi
- CC BY 4.0
- Tahun data
- produk statis; estimasi berbasis sensus, statis (2020)
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 1 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Estimasi berbasis sensus jumlah penduduk per kilometer persegi pada 2020, ditampilkan sebagai konteks keterpaparan; bukan hitungan orang yang terdampak bahaya apa pun.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati (awan menyisakan celah)
- Sumber
- Produk Banjir Global VIIRS (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; deteksi satelit; awan menyisakan celah
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Deteksi satelit; awan menyisakan celah. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- Reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; citra satelit
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Citra satelit. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Dimodelkan (tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS)
- Sumber
- MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA LP DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- tahunan; klasifikasi satelit; tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS
- Terbaru saat build
- 2024-01-01
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 500 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Kelas tutupan lahan satelit untuk tahun yang ditampilkan, termasuk lahan pertanian; klasifikasi dengan kesalahan yang diketahui, bukan register pertanian.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati (awan menyisakan celah)
- Sumber
- MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; indeks satelit; awan menyisakan celah
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-13
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Indeks vegetasi satelit selama 8 hari hingga tanggal yang ditampilkan, indikator kondisi habitat; bukan ukuran spesies atau keanekaragaman hayati.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Papan ketik, dengan peta terfokus
Tahan Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir untuk memperbesar
Terbaru yang tersedia
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Memuat citra NASA terbaru.
Seret untuk menggeser. Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir, cubit, atau gunakan tombol untuk memperbesar. Arahkan kursor untuk melihat nilai di bawah penunjuk. Setel ulang untuk kembali ke wilayah.
Keterpaparan infrastruktur, dibingkai pada Eropa Barat.Produk satelit dan model sebagaimana diterbitkan NASA, masing-masing dengan tanggalnya sendiri. Produk ini adalah indikator, bukan penilaian atas tempat mana pun.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © kontributor OpenStreetMap · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · U.S. Geological Survey · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT
Sumber dan lisensi
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- Cahaya malam VIIRS Black Marble, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Didistribusikan oleh NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- Produk near-real-time VIIRS (banjir, suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan salju, reflektansi terkoreksi), NASA LANCE. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- ASTER GDEM adalah produk METI dan NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Kutip sebagai: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. Data terbuka NASA
- Dibuat dengan Natural Earth. Data peta vektor dan raster gratis @ naturalearthdata.com. Domain publik
- © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL), melalui NASA GIBS (garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat). Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Konteks pada globe dan peta datar: garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat dari lapisan acuan NASA GIBS (data OpenStreetMap, ODbL, © kontributor OpenStreetMap). Citra Blue Marble sebagai peta dasar opsional. Medan 3D dan keterangan elevasi dari indeks warna elevasi ASTER GDEM (kelas 5 m hingga 200 m, dilebih-lebihkan agar terbaca). Batas wilayah digambar sebagaimana diterbitkan dan tidak menyiratkan posisi atas wilayah mana pun.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © kontributor MapLibre.
- Peristiwa langsung: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET). Peristiwa bersifat indikatif dan mempertahankan tautan sumber aslinya.
- Langsung: NASA EONET. Peristiwa bersifat indikatif, bukan peringatan otoritas.
- Langsung: U.S. Geological Survey. Peristiwa bersifat indikatif, bukan peringatan otoritas.
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Prakiraan debit sungai, 30 hari dengan rentang (GloFAS melalui Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; bukan peringatan banjir.
- Data cuaca oleh Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Lapisan opsional (12 sumber dalam daftar lapisan: langsung, prakiraan, teramati, dan konteks) mencantumkan kredit penyedianya di peta dan di sini saat diaktifkan; prakiraan adalah keluaran model dan indeks turunan adalah estimasi.
Lapisan dan tanggal
- Cahaya malam, harian: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Okt 2026
- Kepadatan penduduk, 2020: Penduduk: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · statis
- Genangan banjir, komposit 3 hari: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Okt 2026
- Warna asli: reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026
- Tipe tutupan lahan (IGBP), tahunan: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- Indeks vegetasi yang ditingkatkan, rata-rata bergulir 8 hari: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026
9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Critical Infrastructure.
Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the sistem this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.
- AREUni Emirat ArabNet greenhouse-gas emissions were 195.2 Mt CO₂e in 2022 including land use, 0.8% below 2019; energy gave 164.1 Mt, industrial processes 29.6 Mt and waste 5.6 Mt, and land use removed 6.6 Mt.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-CLI-001
- ARGArgentinaThe national inventory reports 400.9 MtCO₂e including land use for 2022, and 377.8 MtCO₂e net on the climate-contribution basis.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-CLI-001
- AUUni AfrikaIn 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018; about 579 million had none (derived).REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-ENE-002
- AUSAustraliaGreenhouse-gas emissions excluding land use were 591.5 Mt CO₂e in 2024, against 605.2 Mt in 2019 and 579.5 Mt in 2020.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AUS-CLI-001
- BRABrasilGross greenhouse-gas emissions fell 16.7% in 2024 to 2,145 Mt CO₂e, led by lower land-use change; net emissions were 1.49 Gt CO₂e. SEEG is a civil-society estimate, not the official inventory.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-CLI-001
- CHESwissGreenhouse-gas emissions were 40.1 MtCO₂e in 2024, 27.3% below 1990 and 22.3% below when land use is included; transport emitted 13.4 MtCO₂e and international aviation and maritime a further 5.5 MtCO₂e outside the 2030 target.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-CLI-001
- CHNTiongkokThe national mean temperature was 10.9 °C in 2025, 1.0 °C above the 1991 to 2020 normal and tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951; hot days averaged 16.5, the most since 1961.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-CLI-001
- EUUni EropaNet domestic greenhouse-gas emissions were 40% below 1990 in 2024 and 3% below 2023; on the 2030 target basis the cut was 37%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-CLI-001
- GS-02Energi GlobalGlobal energy demand grew 1.3% (8 EJ) in 2025, down from 2% in 2024, and electricity demand grew nearly 3%, more than twice as fast.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-ENE-001
From Foundry evidence to the series.
The evidence, step by step, from the sistem this area reads to the series it feeds.
Cara Infrastruktur Kritis reaches Laporan: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.
| Langkah | Apa yang terjadi | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
| 01 What it reads | Critical Infrastructure reads NXS-NST (gambaran operasional bersama sipil) , dan NXS-NET (topologi jaringan dan kesinambungan): governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source. | |
| 02 How it reads them | Reliability and resilience engineering and Systems engineering turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value. | |
| 03 The cut is sealed | Each quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt. | |
| 04 The series it feeds | The cut feeds Strategic Systems and Scenario and Stress-Test, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series. | |
| 05 Who decides | Decisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it. |
A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Infrastruktur Kritis di Reports (2026); Critical Infrastructure home (2026).
The series it feeds, and what backs each.
| Seri | Foundry systems it draws on | Academy disciplines | Series home |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strategic Sistem | The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) concentration and substitutability analysis of strategic supply NXS-NET digital backbone dependencies and continuity plans NXS-NSF (kepercayaan, otorisasi, dan penjaminan) the public-safe release decision that keeps sensitive detail out | Mineral kritis, pertambangan, dan industri ekstraktif Keamanan teknologi: penggunaan ganda, kontrol ekspor, dan tata kelola komputasi Perdagangan, rantai pasok, dan geoekonomi | Strategic Systems series home |
| Skenario dan Uji Tekanan | NXS-DSS (kasus keputusan dan deliberasi) combined scenario sets and the option appraisals run on them NXS-GRX the cascade paths a stress test follows | Analisis skenario dan uji tekanan Ketidakpastian dan pengambilan keputusan Systemic, compound and berjenjang | Scenario and Stress-Test series home |
The systems, methods and teaching behind it.
- NXS-NSTNXS-NSTNXS-NSTRooms: Incidents, FieldOps.
- NXS-NETNXS-NETNXS-NETRooms: Topology, Continuity.
- NXS-OPS (instrumen, sensor, dan kalibrasi)NXS-OPSNXS-OPSRooms: Instruments, Metrology.
- NXS-SIG (sinyal, spektrum, pewaktuan, dan PNT)NXS-SIGNXS-SIGRooms: Spectrum, PNT Integrity.
- NXS-DSSNXS-DSSNXS-DSSRooms: Scenarios, Decisions.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsRekayasa keandalan dan ketahananThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsRekayasa sistemThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsIlmu jaringan dan penularanThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsSensor, IoT, dan jaringan observasiThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsTeknologi komunikasi dan jaringanThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsOptimisasi dan riset operasiThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyInfrastruktur kritis dan jalur kehidupanFakultas Infrastruktur, Energi, dan Industri
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyTransportasi, pelabuhan, dan logistikFakultas Infrastruktur, Energi, dan Industri
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademySistem kesehatan dan ketahanan layanan kesehatanFakultas Kesehatan dan Masyarakat
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyRisiko sistemik, majemuk, dan berantaiFakultas Kajian Sistem dan Nexus
- BidangGCRIInfrastruktur kritisThe field across science, governance and finance.
- BidangGCRIKota dan lingkungan terbangunThe field across science, governance and finance.
Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.
- Counterpart · GRFLaporanTata Kelola Bencana dan KrisisShared: Critical infrastructure.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanDevelopment Finance NexusShared: Critical infrastructure.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanKetahanan Siber dan Operasional KeuanganShared: Critical infrastructure.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar risiko kota dan sistem perkotaanCities and the built environment. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-5, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsInfrastruktur kritis dan entitas kritisEnergy and critical infrastructure. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsKota dan lingkungan terbangunCities and the built environment. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-5, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
Topic pages on Critical Infrastructure.
Contribute on Critical Infrastructure.
Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.
Write a contribution the editor can act on.
Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.
Your email opens with the subject and a template already filled in for GW-GCRI.
- Bukti
- Koreksi
- Studi kasus
- Analysis or method
- Tinjauan sejawat
- Penerjemahan
- Profile input
Never send personal data or sensitive infrastructure detail. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights.
Open science for Critical Infrastructure.
How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.
Critical Infrastructure’s open record
- Bidang
- Infrastruktur Kritis
- Feeds
- Strategic Systems, Scenario and Stress-Test
- Catatan
- A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
- Tautan
- isSupplementTo the edition it informs; isNewVersionOf its earlier version
- Lisensi
- CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0
Credit and identity
- ORCID
- Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
- ROR
- Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
- CRediT
- Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
- Akun
- None needed to contribute; never a password
Find and follow
Search the open indexes for Critical Infrastructure; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.
Mirrors and harvest
The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.
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}Releases for this area.
Releases tagged to this area appear here once released.
Send evidence on Critical Infrastructure.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) Sistem Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). Apa yang Anda ketahui tentang topik ini dapat menjadi bukti, studi kasus, atau koreksi pada edisi berikutnya, dengan mencantumkan nama Anda dan diterbitkan di bawah CC BY 4.0 jika itu karya Anda sendiri. Jika terkirim ke meja yang salah, kiriman diteruskan, bukan ditolak.
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- LaporanGCRILihat meja mana yang menangani keperluan AndaTabel perutean membuka halaman kontribusi: apa yang Anda miliki, meja yang menerimanya, bagaimana setiap kontribusi ditinjau dan dikreditkan, serta lisensinya.
Jangan pernah mengirim data pribadi, rincian infrastruktur sensitif, atau apa pun yang tidak berhak Anda bagikan. Kontribusi ditinjau sebelum digunakan. Mengirimkannya tidak memberikan hak kepenulisan atau editorial, dan sponsor tidak pernah membeli sebuah temuan.
Around the reports at GCRI.
The sectors behind Critical Infrastructure.
A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.
Konteks
Infrastructure and its partners
Infrastructure gives pipes, dams and treatment works to water (0.6), transmission and fuel logistics to energy (0.6) and access to care to health (0.5).
W · E · I · F · H · B
- Sektor
- 4 dari 6
- Hubungan
- 6 dari 15
- Keterkaitan
- 0.46 porsi dari total
Hubungan terkuat yang berperan
- Energi → Infrastruktur · daya untuk transportasi dan telekomunikasi0.8
- Air → Energi · air pendingin dan tenaga air0.6
- Infrastruktur → Air · pipa, bendungan, dan instalasi pengolahan0.6
- Air → Kesehatan · air minum dan sanitasi0.7
Bring what you know to the next edition.
Every quarter closes on a sealed evidence cut. Contributions received before the cut are reviewed for that edition; later ones wait for the next.
Dokumen hukum.
Peta, data, dan gambar di situs ini ditampilkan untuk konteks dan informasi umum. Semua itu bukan nasihat, prakiraan, atau peringatan; batasan informasinya dijelaskan dalam Penafian dan Pemberitahuan Data.
CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.