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Critical infrastructure · Cities and built environment

Reports 中的关键基础设施

Reliability and resilience of lifeline infrastructure and the services on which communities and economies rely. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.

Contribute on this area关键基础设施首页
系列
2
系统
5
方法
12
01In brief

What this area brings to the editions.

社区和经济所依赖的生命线基础设施及服务的可靠性与韧性。

02领域

Critical Infrastructure on the map.

交互式地图需要JavaScript；图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

本页面的基础设施暴露

关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS Black Marble（VNP46A2）（NASA LAADS DAAC）
提供方
NASA LAADS DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日；卫星辐射亮度，已校正月光和大气影响
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星夜间辐射亮度；灯光是用电和停电的替代指标，并非对供应或获得电力情况的测量。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
估计值
来源
世界网格化人口 v4.11（NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN））
提供方
NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN）
许可协议
CC BY 4.0
年份版本
静态产品；基于人口普查的估算，静态（2020 年）
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算，作为风险暴露背景展示；不是受任何危害影响的人数。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测（云层造成缺口）
来源
VIIRS 全球洪水产品（NASA LANCE）
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日；卫星探测；云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星探测；云层造成缺口。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率（NASA LANCE）
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日；卫星图像
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成（GIBS 发布的最新年份）
来源
MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖（MCD12Q1）（NASA LP DAAC）
提供方
NASA LP DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每年；卫星分类；GIBS 发布的最新年份
构建时的最新内容
2024-01-01
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别，含农田；该分类存在已知误差，并非农场登记册。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测（云层造成缺口）
来源
MODIS Terra EVI（NASA LANCE）
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日；卫星指数；云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-13
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
截至所示日期 8 天的卫星植被指数，是栖息地状况指标；不衡量物种或生物多样性。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放；悬停可查看指针下的数值；重置可返回该区域。

基础设施风险暴露，以西欧为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品，各带自己的日期。它们是指标，而非对任何地点的评估。

数据：NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · 美国地质调查局 · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT

来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光，NASA 戈达德太空飞行中心；由 NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System（LAADS DAAC）分发；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 NASA 开放数据
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)。采用CC BY 4.0许可。颜色依据已发布的色图重绘；在显示处数值按H3单元取平均（已修改）。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS近实时产品（洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率），NASA LANCE；影像来自NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色图重绘；在显示处数值按H3单元取平均（已修改）。 NASA 开放数据
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品（ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003，NASA LP DAAC）；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。引用格式：NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据，见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)，经由 NASA GIBS 提供（海岸线、边界、道路和地名）。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble，NASA Earth Observatory；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息：海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层（OpenStreetMap 数据，ODbL，© OpenStreetMap contributors）；Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图；3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数（5 m 至 200 m 分级，为便于辨识而作了夸张处理）。边界按已发布的样式绘制，不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 地球仪：MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1，BSD-3-Clause，© MapLibre贡献者。
  • 实时事件：NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker（EONET）；事件仅供参考，并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时：NASA EONET。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
  • 实时：美国地质调查局。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 河流流量预报，30天及区间（GloFAS，经Open-Meteo）：包含经修改的Copernicus Emergency Management Service 2026年信息；非洪水警报。
  • 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
  • 可选图层（图层列表中有 12 个来源：实时、预报、观测和背景）开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名；预报是模型输出，派生指数是估计值。

图层与日期

  • 夜间灯光，每日：VIIRS Black Marble（VNP46A2），NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
  • 人口密度，2020 年：人口：哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN，世界网格化人口 v4.11（2018），NASA SEDAC， CC BY 4.0 · 静态
  • 洪水水体，3 日合成：VIIRS 全球洪水产品，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
  • 真彩色：VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 土地覆盖类型（IGBP），年度：MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖（MCD12Q1），NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • 增强型植被指数，滚动 8 天：MODIS Terra EVI，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日

03In the editions

9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Critical Infrastructure.

Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the 系统 this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.

  1. ARE阿拉伯联合酋长国Net greenhouse-gas emissions were 195.2 Mt CO₂e in 2022 including land use, 0.8% below 2019; energy gave 164.1 Mt, industrial processes 29.6 Mt and waste 5.6 Mt, and land use removed 6.6 Mt.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-CLI-001
  2. ARG阿根廷The national inventory reports 400.9 MtCO₂e including land use for 2022, and 377.8 MtCO₂e net on the climate-contribution basis.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-CLI-001
  3. AU非洲联盟In 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018; about 579 million had none (derived).REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-ENE-002
  4. AUS澳大利亚Greenhouse-gas emissions excluding land use were 591.5 Mt CO₂e in 2024, against 605.2 Mt in 2019 and 579.5 Mt in 2020.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AUS-CLI-001
  5. BRA巴西Gross greenhouse-gas emissions fell 16.7% in 2024 to 2,145 Mt CO₂e, led by lower land-use change; net emissions were 1.49 Gt CO₂e. SEEG is a civil-society estimate, not the official inventory.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-CLI-001
  6. CHE瑞士Greenhouse-gas emissions were 40.1 MtCO₂e in 2024, 27.3% below 1990 and 22.3% below when land use is included; transport emitted 13.4 MtCO₂e and international aviation and maritime a further 5.5 MtCO₂e outside the 2030 target.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-CLI-001
  7. CHN中国The national mean temperature was 10.9 °C in 2025, 1.0 °C above the 1991 to 2020 normal and tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951; hot days averaged 16.5, the most since 1961.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-CLI-001
  8. EU欧洲联盟Net domestic greenhouse-gas emissions were 40% below 1990 in 2024 and 3% below 2023; on the 2030 target basis the cut was 37%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-CLI-001
  9. GS-02全球能源Global energy demand grew 1.3% (8 EJ) in 2025, down from 2% in 2024, and electricity demand grew nearly 3%, more than twice as fast.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-ENE-001
04Evidence path

From Foundry evidence to the series.

The evidence, step by step, from the 系统 this area reads to the series it feeds.

How 关键基础设施 reaches 报告: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.

步骤发生的事项来源
01 What it readsCritical Infrastructure reads NXS-NST（民用通用作战图） 与 NXS-NET（网络拓扑与连续性）: governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source.
02 How it reads themReliability and resilience engineering and Systems engineering turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value.
03 The cut is sealedEach quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt.
04 The series it feedsThe cut feeds Strategic Systems and Scenario and Stress-Test, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series.
05 Who decidesDecisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it.

A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Reports 中的关键基础设施 (2026); Critical Infrastructure home (2026).

05系列

The series it feeds, and what backs each.

系列Foundry systems it draws onAcademy disciplinesSeries home
Strategic 系统The Global Risks Index（NXS-GRX） concentration and substitutability analysis of strategic supply
NXS-NET digital backbone dependencies and continuity plans
NXS-NSF（信任、授权与保证） the public-safe release decision that keeps sensitive detail out		关键矿产、采矿与采掘业
技术安全：两用、出口管制与算力治理
贸易、供应链与地缘经济		Strategic Systems series home
情景与压力测试NXS-DSS（决策案例与审议） combined scenario sets and the option appraisals run on them
NXS-GRX the cascade paths a stress test follows		情景分析与压力测试
不确定性与决策
Systemic, compound and 级联风险		Scenario and Stress-Test series home
06Backed by

The systems, methods and teaching behind it.

07联盟各方

Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.

08主题

Topic pages on Critical Infrastructure.

主题

资产标准与安全

主题

电力与生命线

主题

医疗与应急服务

主题

相互依赖与级联

主题

电信与海缆

主题

交通与物流节点

主题

交通与出行

主题

城市资产与住房

09贡献

Contribute on Critical Infrastructure.

Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.

Contribution composer

Write a contribution the editor can act on.

Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.

Your email opens with the subject and a template already filled in for GW-GCRI.

Write the contribution Deposit on Zenodo instead
  • 证据
  • 更正
  • 案例研究
  • Analysis or method
  • 同行评审
  • 转译
  • Profile input

Never send personal data or sensitive infrastructure detail. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights.

10开放科学

Open science for Critical Infrastructure.

How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.

Critical Infrastructure’s open record

区域
关键基础设施
Feeds
Strategic Systems, Scenario and Stress-Test
记录
A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
链接
isSupplementTo the edition it informs; isNewVersionOf its earlier version
许可协议
CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0

Credit and identity

ORCID
Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
ROR
Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
CRediT
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
账户
None needed to contribute; never a password

Find and follow

Search the open indexes for Critical Infrastructure; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.

Mirrors and harvest

The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.

InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Critical Infrastructure, prefilled from this page
{
  "metadata": {
    "resource_type": {
      "id": "dataset"
    },
    "title": "Evidence on Critical Infrastructure for Nexus Reports",
    "publication_date": "YYYY-MM-DD",
    "creators": [
      {
        "person_or_org": {
          "type": "personal",
          "family_name": "Your family name",
          "given_name": "Your given name",
          "identifiers": [
            {
              "scheme": "orcid",
              "identifier": "0000-0000-0000-0000"
            }
          ]
        },
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "id": "ROR identifier of your organisation"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Critical Infrastructure in Nexus Reports.",
    "rights": [
      {
        "id": "cc-by-4.0"
      }
    ],
    "subjects": [
      {
        "subject": "Nexus Reports"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Critical Infrastructure"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Critical infrastructure"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Cities and built environment"
      }
    ],
    "related_identifiers": [
      {
        "identifier": "https://therisk.global/nexus-reports/areas/critical-infrastructure/",
        "scheme": "url",
        "relation_type": {
          "id": "issupplementto"
        },
        "resource_type": {
          "id": "other"
        }
      }
    ],
    "version": "1.0.0"
  },
  "custom_fields": {},
  "access": {
    "record": "public",
    "files": "public"
  },
  "files": {
    "enabled": true
  },
  "parent": {
    "communities": {
      "default": "nexusreports"
    }
  }
}
11最新

Releases for this area.

Releases tagged to this area appear here once released.

报告贡献

Send evidence on Critical Infrastructure.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) 系统 证据编辑部。您对此主题的了解可以成为下一期的证据、案例或更正，署您的名，若为您本人的作品则以 CC BY 4.0 发布。若发送到错误的编辑部，会被转交，不会被拒绝。

GCRI Systems 证据编辑部关键基础设施战略系统情景与压力测试

切勿发送个人数据、敏感基础设施细节或您无权分享的任何内容。贡献在使用前会经过审查；发送贡献不赋予署名权或编辑权，赞助也绝不能换取研究结论。

相关内容

Around the reports at GCRI.

部门特征

The sectors behind Critical Infrastructure.

A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.

选择角点 · 悬停连线6 / 15 项关系

背景

Infrastructure and its partners

Infrastructure gives pipes, dams and treatment works to water (0.6), transmission and fuel logistics to energy (0.6) and access to care to health (0.5).

W · E · I · F · H · B

部门
4 共 6
关系
6 共 15
耦合
0.46 占总量份额

当前最强的关系

  • 能源 → 基础设施 · 为交通和电信供电0.8
  • 水 → 能源 · 冷却水与水电0.6
  • 基础设施 → 水 · 管道、水坝和处理设施0.6
  • 水 → 健康 · 饮用水和卫生设施0.7
典型城市区域的教学数值，不是任何地点的测量值。耦合是所涉关系强度的总和，以全部十五种关系的占比表示。
Reports · GCRI

Bring what you know to the next edition.

Every quarter closes on a sealed evidence cut. Contributions received before the cut are reviewed for that edition; later ones wait for the next.

贡献 Write to the editorial office
法律

本网站上的地图、数据和图表仅作为背景和一般信息展示。它们不是建议、预测或预警；信息的局限见免责声明和数据说明。

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.