Reports · GCRI · Established
Economic development · Development finance
Pembangunan Ekonomi di Reports
Transformasi ekonomi, pertumbuhan inklusif, industri, perdagangan, dan pembangunan di bawah risiko sistemik. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.
- Seri
- 2
- Sistem
- 3
- Metode
- 5
01In brief
What this area brings to the editions.
Transformasi ekonomi, pertumbuhan inklusif, industri, perdagangan, dan pembangunan di bawah risiko sistemik.
02Bidang
Economic Development on the map.
Peta interaktif memerlukan JavaScript. Daftar lapisan dan sumber tersedia di bawah.
Lapisan 3
Penduduk dan keterpaparan, untuk halaman ini
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Estimasi
- Sumber
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia))
- Penyedia
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia)
- Lisensi
- CC BY 4.0
- Tahun data
- produk statis; estimasi berbasis sensus, statis (2020)
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 1 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Estimasi berbasis sensus jumlah penduduk per kilometer persegi pada 2020, ditampilkan sebagai konteks keterpaparan; bukan hitungan orang yang terdampak bahaya apa pun.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; radiansi satelit, dikoreksi untuk cahaya bulan dan atmosfer
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 500 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Pancaran radiasi satelit pada malam hari untuk tanggal yang ditampilkan; cahaya adalah proksi penggunaan listrik dan pemadaman, bukan ukuran pasokan atau akses.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati (awan yang menetap tetap menyisakan celah)
- Sumber
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8 harian (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- 8 harian; komposit satelit 8 hari; awan yang menetap tetap menyisakan celah
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-09-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 1 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Suhu kulit permukaan tanah dari satelit selama 8 hari hingga tanggal yang ditampilkan, indikator keterpaparan panas; bukan suhu udara, indeks panas, atau peringatan panas.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- Reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; citra satelit
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Citra satelit. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Dimodelkan (tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS)
- Sumber
- MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA LP DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- tahunan; klasifikasi satelit; tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS
- Terbaru saat build
- 2024-01-01
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 500 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Kelas tutupan lahan satelit untuk tahun yang ditampilkan, termasuk lahan pertanian; klasifikasi dengan kesalahan yang diketahui, bukan register pertanian.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati (awan menyisakan celah)
- Sumber
- OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)
- Penyedia
- NASA GES DISC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; hasil pengambilan satelit; awan menyisakan celah
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-10
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 2 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Kolom satelit nitrogen dioksida di atmosfer bawah pada hari yang ditampilkan, sebagian besar dari pembakaran; bukan konsentrasi di permukaan tanah atau peringatan kesehatan.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Papan ketik, dengan peta terfokus
Tahan Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir untuk memperbesar
Terbaru yang tersedia
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Memuat citra NASA terbaru.
Seret untuk menggeser. Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir, cubit, atau gunakan tombol untuk memperbesar. Arahkan kursor untuk melihat nilai di bawah penunjuk. Setel ulang untuk kembali ke wilayah.
Manusia dan keterpaparan, dibingkai pada Afrika.Produk satelit dan model sebagaimana diterbitkan NASA, masing-masing dengan tanggalnya sendiri. Produk ini adalah indikator, bukan penilaian atas tempat mana pun.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © kontributor OpenStreetMap · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT
Sumber dan lisensi
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- Cahaya malam VIIRS Black Marble, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Didistribusikan oleh NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Produk near-real-time VIIRS (banjir, suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan salju, reflektansi terkoreksi), NASA LANCE. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- ASTER GDEM adalah produk METI dan NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Kutip sebagai: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. Data terbuka NASA
- Dibuat dengan Natural Earth. Data peta vektor dan raster gratis @ naturalearthdata.com. Domain publik
- © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL), melalui NASA GIBS (garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat). Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Konteks pada globe dan peta datar: garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat dari lapisan acuan NASA GIBS (data OpenStreetMap, ODbL, © kontributor OpenStreetMap). Citra Blue Marble sebagai peta dasar opsional. Medan 3D dan keterangan elevasi dari indeks warna elevasi ASTER GDEM (kelas 5 m hingga 200 m, dilebih-lebihkan agar terbaca). Batas wilayah digambar sebagaimana diterbitkan dan tidak menyiratkan posisi atas wilayah mana pun.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © kontributor MapLibre.
- Peristiwa langsung: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET). Peristiwa bersifat indikatif dan mempertahankan tautan sumber aslinya.
- Langsung: NASA EONET. Peristiwa bersifat indikatif, bukan peringatan otoritas.
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Prakiraan kualitas udara, 5 hari, PM2.5 (CAMS melalui Open-Meteo): Memuat informasi Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service yang dimodifikasi, 2026.
- Data cuaca oleh Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Lapisan opsional (9 sumber dalam daftar lapisan: langsung, prakiraan, teramati, dan konteks) mencantumkan kredit penyedianya di peta dan di sini saat diaktifkan; prakiraan adalah keluaran model dan indeks turunan adalah estimasi.
Lapisan dan tanggal
- Kepadatan penduduk, 2020: Penduduk: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · statis
- Cahaya malam, harian: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Okt 2026
- Suhu permukaan daratan, siang hari, komposit 8 hari: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8 hari, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
- Warna asli: reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026
- Tipe tutupan lahan (IGBP), tahunan: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- Nitrogen dioksida, kolom atmosfer bawah: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC · 10 Okt 2026
03In the editions
9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Economic Development.
Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the sistem this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.
- AREUni Emirat ArabReal GDP grew 4.0% in 2024 and the IMF projects 4.8% for 2025 and 5.0% for 2026; fuel was 68% of merchandise exports in 2023, and the non-oil primary balance is a deficit of 15.1% of non-hydrocarbon GDP in 2025.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-FIN-011
- ARGArgentinaPoverty was 32.3% of people in the first half of 2026, up 4.1 points on the second half of 2025, under a US$20 billion IMF programme.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-FIN-010
- AUUni AfrikaSub-Saharan Africa had 1.32 billion people in 2025, growing 2.4% a year, and 40.4% of them were under 15.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-DEV-001
- BRABrasilGeneral government gross debt was 93.3% of GDP in 2025 on IMF definitions, with the policy rate at 14.0% at end-2025.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-FIN-011
- CHESwissGDP grew 1.4% in 2025 and inflation was 0.2%, and the IMF assessed the debt brake as appropriate while noting that the shift to a low-carbon economy will raise spending needs.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-FIN-010
- CHNTiongkokMeteorological disasters in 2025 left 628 people dead or missing and caused 231.78 billion yuan of direct loss, 26.3% fewer deaths and missing and 28.8% less loss than the 2015 to 2024 average.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-FIN-003
- EUUni EropaWeather and climate extremes caused about EUR 822 billion of losses from 1980 to 2024, and less than 20% was privately insured.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-FIN-010
- GS-02Energi GlobalGlobal energy investment is estimated at USD 3.4 trillion in 2026, against USD 2.6 trillion in 2015, with electricity supply and infrastructure at about USD 1.6 trillion.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-FIN-005
- GS-03Global Food and Agrifood SystemsThe FAO Food Price Index averaged 133.3 points in August 2026, 2.5% above a year earlier and 1.9% above July; wheat prices were 15.0% above a year earlier and maize prices rose 2.5% in the month.REPORTED · SECTOR-FOOD-GLOBAL-FIN-007
04Evidence path
From Foundry evidence to the series.
The evidence, step by step, from the sistem this area reads to the series it feeds.
How Economic Development reaches Laporan: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.
| Langkah | Apa yang terjadi | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
| 01 What it reads | Economic Development reads The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX), sebuah indeks, dan NXS-DSS (kasus keputusan dan deliberasi): governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source. | |
| 02 How it reads them | Economics and development economics and Econometrics turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value. | |
| 03 The cut is sealed | Each quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt. | |
| 04 The series it feeds | The cut feeds Country Systems Risk and Resilience and Global Systems Risk and Resilience, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series. | |
| 05 Who decides | Decisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it. |
A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Pembangunan Ekonomi di Reports (2026); Economic Development home (2026).
05Seri
The series it feeds, and what backs each.
| Seri | Foundry systems it draws on | Academy disciplines | Series home |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negara Sistem Risk and Resilience | NXS-GRX one country’s dependency map and its indicator baselines NXS-CMD (integrated posture and executive synthesis) the national portfolio of risk reduction work the edition reads against NXS-EOP (observasi bumi dan kembaran digital) exposure and change layers at subnational detail | Manajemen risiko berbasis nexus (NRM) Disaster pengurangan risiko Infrastruktur kritis and lifelines | Country Systems Risk and Resilience series home |
| Risiko dan Ketahanan Sistem Global | NXS-GRX coupled-system cascades and the fused indicator series behind a global synthesis NXS-DSS the cross-field scenario sets an edition compares | Risiko sistemik, majemuk, dan berantai Nexus air, energi, pangan, dan ekosistem Risiko katastrofik global | Global Systems Risk and Resilience series home |
06Backed by
The systems, methods and teaching behind it.
- NXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRX
- NXS-DSSNXS-DSSNXS-DSSRooms: Scenarios, Decisions.
- NXS-CMDNXS-CMDNXS-CMDRooms: Portfolios, Council.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsIlmu ekonomi dan ekonomi pembangunanThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsEkonometrikaThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsInferensi kausal dan evaluasi dampakThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsIlmu jaringan dan penularanThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsSistem kompleks dan pemodelan berbasis agenThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyPembangunan ekonomi dan guncangan makroekonomiFakultas Keuangan dan Ekonomi
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyKeuangan publik dan utang negaraFakultas Keuangan dan Ekonomi
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyNexus air, energi, pangan, dan ekosistemFakultas Kajian Sistem dan Nexus
- BidangGCRIPembangunan ekonomiThe field across science, governance and finance.
- BidangGCRIPembiayaan pembangunanThe field across science, governance and finance.
07Di seluruh Konsorsium
Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.
- Counterpart · GRFLaporanCapital NexusShared: Development finance.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanDevelopment Finance NexusShared: Development finance, Economic development.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanPembiayaan Risiko BencanaShared: Development finance.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanKeuangan Publik dan Utang NegaraShared: Development finance.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsUntuk keuangan dan asuransiFinance, insurance and the economy. Parts NS-9, NS-10, NS-11, NS-14.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsUntuk praktisi kemanusiaan dan sektor publikHumanitarian action and development. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsData keuangan dan pembayaranFinance, insurance and the economy. Parts NS-9, NS-10, NS-11, NS-14.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsKeselarasan keuangan berkelanjutan dan pengungkapanFinance, insurance and the economy. Parts NS-3, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsKeselarasan dengan standar kemanusiaanHumanitarian action and development. Parts NS-3, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar risiko keuangan dan ekonomiFinance, insurance and the economy. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11, NS-14.
08Topik
Topic pages on Economic Development.
09Berkontribusi
Contribute on Economic Development.
Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.
Contribution composer
Write a contribution the editor can act on.
Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.
Your email opens with the subject and a template already filled in for GW-GCRI.
- Bukti
- Koreksi
- Studi kasus
- Analysis or method
- Tinjauan sejawat
- Penerjemahan
- Profile input
Never send personal data or sensitive infrastructure detail. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights.
10Sains terbuka
Open science for Economic Development.
How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.
Economic Development’s open record
- Bidang
- Pembangunan Ekonomi
- Feeds
- Country Systems Risk and Resilience, Global Systems Risk and Resilience
- Catatan
- A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
- Tautan
- isSupplementTo the edition it informs; isNewVersionOf its earlier version
- Lisensi
- CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0
Credit and identity
- ORCID
- Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
- ROR
- Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
- CRediT
- Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
- Akun
- None needed to contribute; never a password
Find and follow
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Mirrors and harvest
The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.
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}11Terbaru
Releases for this area.
Releases tagged to this area appear here once released.
LaporanBerkontribusi
Send evidence on Economic Development.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) Sistem Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). Apa yang Anda ketahui tentang topik ini dapat menjadi bukti, studi kasus, atau koreksi pada edisi berikutnya, dengan mencantumkan nama Anda dan diterbitkan di bawah CC BY 4.0 jika itu karya Anda sendiri. Jika terkirim ke meja yang salah, kiriman diteruskan, bukan ditolak.
Meja Bukti Sistem GCRIPembangunan EkonomiRisiko dan Ketahanan Sistem NegaraRisiko dan Ketahanan Sistem Global
- SurelGerbang GW-GCRIKirim dari halaman iniBukti, koreksi, kasus, metode, tinjauan, terjemahan, atau masukan profil. Kiriman tiba dengan label halaman ini, sehingga editor pemiliknya menerimanya.
- ZenodoDeposit terbukaDeposit dan ajukan ke komunitasTerbitkan catatan Anda sendiri di Zenodo dengan ORCID iD Anda, lalu ajukan ke komunitas Reports di sana. Kurator meninjaunya; DOI tetap milik Anda.
- LaporanGCRILihat meja mana yang menangani keperluan AndaTabel perutean membuka halaman kontribusi: apa yang Anda miliki, meja yang menerimanya, bagaimana setiap kontribusi ditinjau dan dikreditkan, serta lisensinya.
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Terkait
Around the reports at GCRI.
Reports · GCRI
Bring what you know to the next edition.
Every quarter closes on a sealed evidence cut. Contributions received before the cut are reviewed for that edition; later ones wait for the next.
Hukum
Dokumen hukum.
Peta, data, dan gambar di situs ini ditampilkan untuk konteks dan informasi umum. Semua itu bukan nasihat, prakiraan, atau peringatan; batasan informasinya dijelaskan dalam Penafian dan Pemberitahuan Data.
CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.