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GCRI · 先进产业与机器人

工业能源与水

Industry is a large user of energy, heat and water, and its demand shapes grids, water resources and emissions. Efficiency, electrification, heat pumps, hydrogen and water recycling can change that footprint, while energy price shocks and droughts can stop production. This page sets out how industrial energy and water use work, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the firms, regulators and planners involved.

01登记

Industrial energy and water on the record.

02问题

Industrial energy and water: how the risk develops.

Resource needs, utility interdependence. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

机制

Heat dominates industrial energy

Much industrial energy is used as heat, at temperatures from low to very high. High-temperature heat is the hardest to electrify.

机制

Price shocks hit energy-intensive sectors

Steel, chemicals, cement, glass and paper are sensitive to energy prices. Sharp rises can curtail production and shift it elsewhere.

机制

Water is a production input

Cooling, processing and cleaning use large volumes of water. Drought and competing demands can force cutbacks.

机制

Efficiency has many small parts

Motors, compressed air, steam 系统 and heat recovery offer savings that add up but are often overlooked without energy management.

03地理

Water now in Germany.

Night lights, flood water and population density over Germany, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.

交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

本页面的当前水情

关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2)(NASA LAADS DAAC)
提供方
NASA LAADS DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星辐射亮度,已校正月光和大气影响
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星夜间辐射亮度;灯光是用电和停电的替代指标,并非对供应或获得电力情况的测量。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS 全球洪水产品(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星探测;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星探测;云层造成缺口。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
估计值
来源
世界网格化人口 v4.11(NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN))
提供方
NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN)
许可协议
CC BY 4.0
年份版本
null;基于人口普查的估算,静态(2020)
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算,作为风险暴露背景展示;不是受任何危害影响的人数。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星图像
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
估计值
来源
GPM IMERG(NASA GES DISC)
提供方
NASA GES DISC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;近实时卫星估算
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
处理结果
约 2 公里网格
不确定性
近实时卫星估算。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成
来源
SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)
提供方
NASA NSIDC DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;同化了卫星数据的模型
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-11
处理结果
约 2 公里网格
不确定性
同化了卫星数据的模型。按提供方发布形式呈现的卫星或模型栅格。云层、扫描带间隙和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值为指示值,而非某一地点的实测值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。

Water now, framed on Germany.NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。

数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA SMAP · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光,NASA 戈达德航天中心;由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统(LAADS DAAC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • GPM IMERG 降水,NASA 降水处理系统;由 NASA 戈达德地球科学数据和信息服务中心(GES DISC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • SMAP Level 4 土壤湿度和雪量,NASA 全球建模与同化办公室;由 NASA 国家冰雪数据中心 DAAC 分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • Observed (EO): NASA SMAP. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 河流流量预报,30天及区间(GloFAS,经Open-Meteo):包含经修改的Copernicus Emergency Management Service 2026年信息;非洪水警报。
  • 过去一年的每日气温(ERA5,经由 Open-Meteo):包含经修改的 Copernicus 气候变化服务 2026 年信息。
  • 过去一年的每日气温和日照(NASA POWER):这些数据来自 NASA 兰利研究中心(LaRC)POWER 项目,该项目由 NASA 地球科学/应用科学计划资助。
  • 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
  • 可选图层(图层列表中有 14 个来源:实时、预报、观测和背景)在开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名;预报是模型输出,派生指数是估计值。

图层与日期

  • 夜间灯光,每日:VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2),NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
  • 洪水水体,3 日合成:VIIRS 全球洪水产品,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
  • 人口密度,2020 年:人口:哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN,世界网格化人口 v4.11(2018),NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · 静态
  • 真彩色:VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 降水率,日均值:GPM IMERG,NASA GES DISC · 2026年10月12日
  • 根区土壤湿度,0 至 100 cm:SMAP Level 4,NASA NSIDC DAAC · 2026年10月11日

04跨领域

Industry is a major user of energy and water.

Findings are designed for the Global Sector Risk and Resilience 系列. Energy management follows ISO 50001 (2018); emissions controls follow the EU Industrial Emissions Directive and its BAT references.

  • Plant energy and water data.
  • Efficiency programme evaluations.
05监测

Energy and circularity board.

团队跟踪该主题时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。

Energy and circularity board

Industrial energy and water · Industrial park A · Year 2

符合计划GCRI · 先进产业与机器人

Material flows

  • Recycled
  • Recovered
  • Landfill

Targets

Waste recycled, %51 of 70 requiredWater reused, %27 of 50 requiredEnergy from renewables, %31 of 60 required
Energy and circularity board: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Industrial energy and water.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。
06指标

衡量什么,以及衡量得如何。

每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值:数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。

指标单位节奏来源类型标签
Industrial final energy consumptionpetajoules by sector年度Energy balances已发布统计
Energy intensity of industryenergy per unit of value added年度Energy and economic statistics估算
Industrial water withdrawalcubic metres年度Water statistics已发布统计
Share of electricity in industrial energypercent年度Energy balances已发布统计
Firms with an ISO 50001 energy management certificate计数年度Certification statistics已报告
Production curtailed due to energy or water constraints起事件每个事件Industry and news reports已报告
07模拟器

在相互依存的网络中的一次级联。

A 危害足迹 takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Germany; the model itself is not tied to a place.

控制措施

每个图层的资产
18
危害足迹
占面积的 8%
依赖其他图层的资产
60%
备用容量(容差)
30%

读数

受危害冲击的资产
7%
仍在运行的资产
17%
初始损害的放大
11.3 times
结算步数
3
数字、方法与来源
步骤Water working (%)电力运行(%)电信运行(%)
08989100
1444489
2171739
317033

方法

  1. 相互依存网络 Buldyrev 等(2010),Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks,Nature 464
  2. 过载级联 Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66
  3. 介数负载 Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25
  4. 多层网络 Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2
  5. 基础设施相互依赖 Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)
  6. 不确定性扇形图(参数蒙特卡罗) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  7. 单因素敏感性(龙卷风图) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

数据

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • 主要道路 Natural Earth
  • 铁路 Natural Earth
  • 海港 Natural Earth
  • 机场 Natural Earth
  • 城市范围 Natural Earth
  • 今晚的夜间灯光、停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段) NASA/NOAA VIIRS(Suomi NPP)· 登记 nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
  • 自然事件(NASA EONET) NASA EONET · 登记 nasa.eonet.events
级联在相互依存的网络中传播。示意性教学模型:它依据控件设定的数值运行,而非实测数据。方法:Interdependent networks (Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464);Overload cascades (Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66);Betweenness load (Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25)。
08来源

证据来自何处。

具名公共数据集与机构记录,各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用,绝不再次发布。

来源它提供什么许可类别
IEA World Energy Balances and industry trackingIndustrial energy use by sector and fuelLicence per product (to check)
FAO AQUASTATWater withdrawal by sectorOpen, FAO terms
Eurostat energy statisticsFinal energy consumption in industryOpen, Eurostat reuse policy
ISO Survey of management system certificatesISO 50001 certification countsPublic, ISO terms
Industrial decarbonisation roadmaps from governmentsPlans and data for heavy industryPublic records, licence per government
09孪生与级联模拟器

Model industrial energy and water as a system. Run the cascade.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 工业与制造业: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

灾害

  • Natech event
  • 溃坝
  • 河流洪水 (在下游引发)
  • Flash flood (set off downstream)
  • 大规模流离失所(在下游引发)
  • Chemical spill or leak (set off downstream)
  • Emergency-response overload (set off downstream)
  • 大范围停电(在下游引发)
  • 供水短缺(在下游引发)
  • Toxic gas release (set off downstream)
  • Industrial fire (set off downstream)

控制措施

  • NS-0 章程与原则
  • NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)
  • NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)
  • NS-12 软件、模型和 AI/ML 制品(供应链、模型卡、数据集说明)
  • NRS-H60 危害类别:供应链与流动中断(NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)
  • NRS-H50 危害类别:工业与过程事故(NHS-1 infra.industrial)
  • NRS-H109 危害类别:能源转型技术故障(NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)
  • NRS-X10 化学、工业、核与辐射安全
  • NRS-H54 危害类别:信号与平台中断(NHS-1 cyber.platform)
  • NRS-K14 领域包概况:制造业与工业(DOMAIN-014)

观测

  • eMARS Major Accident Reporting System (listed for reference)
  • World Development Indicators (listed for reference)
  • ILOSTAT (listed for reference)
  • Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita
  • CO2 emission per unit of value added
  • Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)
  • Direct economic loss to all other damaged or destroyed productive assets attributed to disasters

示例地理范围

  • The Strait of Malacca: 227 hexagonal cells
  • 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
  • 穿透云层的地表水,30 m(OPERA DSWx-S1 雷达),NASA GIBS
  • 过去半小时降雨率(IMERG),NASA GIBS
  • 地表土壤湿度(SMAP),NASA GIBS
10决定

由谁决定,以及证据服务于什么。

Advanced Industry and Robotics prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

谁来决定问题本页面服务的证据
Industrial firmsWhich efficiency, electrification and water measures to invest inOption analyses; profiles
Energy and water regulatorsHow to plan supply for industrial demandProfiles and exposure evidence
Industry ministriesHow to support energy-intensive sectors through transitionExposure assessments

该主题产生的产出

  • Industrial energy and water profiles by sector
  • Heat decarbonisation option analyses
  • Energy price exposure assessments
  • Water risk reviews for industrial clusters
11部门特征

The sector signature of industrial energy and water.

The sectors industrial energy and water touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.

选择角点 · 悬停连线6 / 15 项关系

签名

Water and Energy

Water gives energy cooling water and hydropower (0.6): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.

W · E · I · F · H · B

部门
4 共 6
关系
6 共 15
耦合
0.46 占总量份额

当前最强的关系

  • 能源 → 基础设施 · 为交通和电信供电0.8
  • 水 → 能源 · 冷却水与水电0.6
  • 水 → 粮食 · 灌溉0.8
  • 基础设施 → 水 · 管道、水坝和处理设施0.6
典型城市区域的教学数值,不是任何地点的测量值。耦合是所涉关系强度的总和,以全部十五种关系的占比表示。
12核心问题

专家提出的问题。

  1. 01

    How much does production depend on each utility?

    Which processes stop, and how quickly, when power, gas, steam or water is interrupted.

  2. 02

    How do plants affect shared resources?

    How industrial demand and discharges affect grids, rivers and aquifers used by others.

  3. 03

    What does decarbonisation change?

    How electrification and new fuels shift dependence from fuels to grids.

  4. 04

    How do droughts and heat affect industry?

    Cooling limits, water rights and discharge temperature constraints.

13方法与证据

How industrial energy and water is modelled, measured and tested.

模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。

系统模型

The couplings between the systems in industrial energy and water: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++产业工作贸易社区经济R 增强B 平衡
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 指导原则 · GO FAIR 和 FORCE11W3C PROV · 万维网联盟关于一致处理不确定性的指南 · IPCCCEOS 分析就绪数据 · 地球观测卫星委员会
14机制

What drives the risk.

Energy-intensive processes such as steel, cement, chemicals, glass and paper depend on high-temperature heat and continuous operation. Interruptions can damage equipment and create unsafe conditions during shutdown and restart.

Water is used for cooling, processing, cleaning and steam. In drought, intake may be restricted; in heat, discharge temperatures may exceed permit limits. Plants and power stations on the same river compete for the same resource.

Electrification of industrial heat and the use of hydrogen shift dependence onto power grids and new infrastructure, raising questions about grid capacity and reliability.

Industrial demand also supports utility 系统. Large consumers can provide flexibility to grids, and industrial symbiosis lets one plant’s waste heat or water serve another.

15方法与局限

证据如何收集,以及止于何处。

方法或数据显示内容其局限
Energy and water auditsSite consumption by processSnapshot of current operations
Utility dependency mappingWhich processes rely on which suppliesBackup durations often assumed
Catchment and grid modelsCompetition for shared resourcesRegional data may be coarse
情景分析Effects of curtailment and price shocksDepends on scenario design
16方法

如何研究,以及方法无法说明的内容。

17Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。

18问题

问题与解答。

Why is industrial heat hard to decarbonise?
Because many processes need very high temperatures that are difficult to supply with electricity or heat pumps, requiring other options such as hydrogen or new processes.
What is energy intensity?
Energy used per unit of economic output, which falls as efficiency improves or the economy shifts to less energy-intensive activities.
What is ISO 50001?
An international standard setting requirements for an energy management system that helps organisations improve energy performance.
Why does shutdown create safety risk?
Because processes move through unusual states during shutdown and restart, when many process safety incidents occur.
Does the platform advise on energy procurement?
No. It publishes research on dependencies and resilience and advises on no contract or supplier.
What is industrial symbiosis?
Exchanging waste heat, water or by-products between neighbouring facilities, reducing resource use and creating shared dependencies.
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报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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