Probability and statistics make AI evaluation trustworthy: confidence intervals on scores, significance of differences between models, calibration of predicted probabilities and sampling designs for audits. In this field they stop small test sets and noisy metrics from being over-read.
Probability and statistics provide the mathematical framework for describing uncertainty and learning from data. They underpin estimation, testing and prediction in every risk discipline. In artificial intelligence and data and compute, statistical methods quantify the likelihood and uncertainty of losses across interconnectedسامانهها. They make the evidence behind risk decisions explicit and reproducible. The canonical description is onSTEM Commons.
Uncertainty on benchmark scores
Bootstrap and analytical intervals are reported with every score, and differences between models are tested before rankings are stated.
Calibration assessment
Predicted probabilities are compared with observed outcomes to check whether a model’s confidence matches its accuracy.
Audit sampling
Samples of decisions are drawn with stated designs so that error rates for subgroups can be estimated with known precision.
03روشها و شواهد
How Statistics for AI evaluation is modelled, measured and tested.
مدل، مفروضات، دادهها و عدم قطعیت آن، به شکلی که دانشمند یا مهندس بررسی میکند. ساختارها از روشهای منتشرشده پیروی میکنند. مقادیر ترسیمشده تبیینیاند، نه یافته.
مدل، معادلات و مفروضات
The model structure used for Statistics for AI evaluation, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
ریسک عنصر iRi = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)مخاطره، مواجهه، آسیبپذیری و ظرفیت مقابله
زیان سالانهٔ مورد انتظارEAL = ∑k pk · Lkبر رویدادهای k با احتمال سالانهٔ pk
سامانههای جفتشدهxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error
فرض
چرا ساخته میشود
چگونه آزموده میشود
مخاطره و مواجهه در یک رویداد مستقلاند
انتگرال زیان را تحتکنترل نگه میدارد
مقایسه با برازش مفصل بر سوابق مشترک
جفتشدگیها نزدیک نقطهٔ کار خطیاند
اجازه میدهد شوکها از طریق A منتشر شوند
فراتر از دامنهٔ خطی آشفته کنید و مقایسه کنید
منحنیهای آسیبپذیری میان مکانها منتقل میشوند
منحنیهای محلی بهندرت در دسترساند
اعتبارسنجی در برابر زیانهای مشاهدهشده در جاهایی که وجود دارند
ورودیها
مجموعهدادههای نسخهدار با خاستگاه
خروجیها
توزیعها، هرگز تکرقمها
کد
منتشرشده با کارت مدل و آزمونها
بازتولید
همان داده، کد، محیط و بذر
فرمولبندیهای استاندارد ریسک و فضای حالت؛ مفروضات فهرستشده نمونهٔ روشاند، برای داوری بیان شدهاند و نتیجه نیستند.
اصول راهنمای FAIR · GO FAIR و FORCE11W3C PROV · کنسرسیوم وب جهانیGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04داده
What the method consumes.
Datasets and records used by probability and statistics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed inthe source register.
داده
نقش
برچسب
Evaluation outputs
Score estimation
مشاهدهشده
Labelled audit samples
Error estimation
مشاهدهشده
Prediction logs
Calibration
مشاهدهشده
05فرایند
نحوهٔ اجرای فرایند.
Process explorer · Process
Statistics for AI evaluation: Catastrophe model pipeline
10 steps·5 مرحله
فرایند
Statistics for AI evaluation: Catastrophe model pipeline
Catastrophe models usually have hazard, vulnerability, exposure and financial modules, and produce loss tables,میانگین زیان سالانه, exceedance curves, PML and TVaR.
01 Hazard
01Event catalogueDataset · Model developerThe hazard module holds a large catalogue of simulated events that represents a wide range of plausible scenarios.
03Hazard moduleModel · Model developerFor each event the hazard module gives the localhazard intensitythat the vulnerability module reads.
02 Exposure and damage
02مواجههDataset · Incident responderThe exposure module houses the portfolio data, such as location-specific information.
04Vulnerability moduleModel · Model developerThe vulnerability module quantifies the expected damage to the exposures from an event.
03 Financial
05Financial moduleModel · Incident responderThe financial module calculates losses from all event scenarios. Ground-up, gross and net losses differ as shown below.
06Event loss tableDataset · Incident responderAn event loss table lists each event with its annual occurrence probability and its loss for the portfolio.
07Year loss tableDataset · Incident responderSome models also sample simulated years from event losses. This outline does not describe their format.
04 Metrics
08احتمال فراگذشتcurvesModel · Incident responderThe occurrence curve gives the chance that the largest loss in a year exceeds an amount. The aggregate curve does so for the sum of losses.
09AAL, PML and TVaRModel · Incident responderAverage annual loss sums event probability times loss. PML is one point on the occurrence curve.
05 Use of results
10Use of resultsDecision · Incident responderThe tail metrics are used when considering a portfolio’s exposure and the level of catastrophe reinsurance an insurer requires.
Outline of an external standard or method, from its public sources. It describes what the framework says, not a record of any run. It does not show that Nexus or any partner performs, certifies or approves a step. A gate is a step of the method, never a Nexus approval.
06اعتبارسنجی
How results are checked.
Results are checked through diagnostics, cross-validation and sensitivity to assumptions. Independent replication confirms findings.
بررسی
How it is done
Interval reporting
Every metric is reported with its uncertainty
Multiple comparisons
Comparisons across many tasks are corrected for multiple testing
Sample size planning
Audit samples are sized to detect differences of stated magnitude
Inference depends on assumptions about independence, distribution and sampling that may not hold. Small or biased samples limit reliability.
What are the limits of probability and statistics in this field?
Inference depends on assumptions about independence, distribution and sampling that may not hold. Small or biased samples limit reliability.
How are results checked?
Results are checked through diagnostics, cross-validation and sensitivity to assumptions. Independent replication confirms findings.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
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GCRIهوش مصنوعی و سامانههای خودمختارفناوری نماییشواهد Labs
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هوش مصنوعی و سامانههای خودمختار
یک روش، یک مجموعهداده یا یک پرسش بیاورید.
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