G-P18 · EVIDENCE · sourcesGCRI dossier · service level R0
GCRIDigital Public InfrastructureIn development
Source and data register

Source and data register

Where Digital Public Infrastructure gets its data, on what terms, with what quality and with which known gaps.

Publisher
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation
Field
Digital public infrastructure, Cyber and digital resilience
  1. 01Draftsources cited, labels attached
  2. 02Evidence checkevery value traced
  3. 03Independent reviewconflicts declared
  4. 04Editionpublished with its limits
  5. 05Correctiona new version, never a silent edit
01In brief

The short answer.

The Digital Public Infrastructure source register lists the datasets and records the platform draws on, such as World Bank ID4D global dataset and diagnostics, each with its producer, licence and permitted uses, quality and known gaps. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described, and data held by agreement is used under those terms and never republished.

02Canvas

Draft to published version.

Canvas · draft to published versionDesign, not a record
Source and data register: from a source to a labelled evidence recordA source is registered with its licence and steward, checked for quality and coverage, labelled by evidence class, versioned and published with a passport; corrections create a new version. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.How a finding is reviewed before it is published. Design, not a record.

03Geography

Connected activity in India.

For source and data register, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, night lights and population density with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on India; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Connected activity, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For source and data register, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, night lights and population density with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on India; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A · NASA HLS S30Sources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Observed (EO): Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026), Microsoft Planetary Computer
  • Observed (EO): NASA HLS S30 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra NDVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04What is recorded

Each source carries five facts.

01

Origin

Who produces the data and how.

02

Access terms

Licence, restrictions and permitted uses.

03

Quality

Coverage, resolution, update frequency and known errors.

04

Provenance

How the data reached the platform and what was changed.

05

Gaps

What is missing and how the gap is handled.

05Register

Every source the topic dossiers cite, with its terms.

SourceWhat it givesTermsUsed in
BIS CPMI Red Book statistics and fast payments reportsPayment statistics and fast payment system practicePublic, BIS termsDigital payments and services
Central bank payment system reportsVolumes, availability and incidentsPublic records, terms per central bankDigital payments and services
Civil society assessments of identity systemsRights and inclusion analysesPublic, terms per publisherIdentity and authentication
Competition authority cloud market studiesMarket concentration and switching barriersPublic records, licence per authorityPublic cloud and concentration
Data protection authority reportsBreaches and enforcement concerning identity dataPublic records, licence per authorityIdentity and authentication
Digital Public Goods Alliance registryRecognised digital public goods and their usePublic, DPGA termsDigital public value
ENISA reports on public sector cybersecurityThreats and good practicePublic, ENISA termsDigital service resilience
EU Data Act provisions on cloud switchingRules on switching and egress chargesPublic, EU termsPublic cloud and concentration
EU Data Governance Act and Common European Data Spaces documentationRules and design for data spacesPublic, EU termsData spaces and rights
European Data Protection Board and national authority reportsEnforcement and guidancePublic, EU and national termsData spaces and rights
European Interoperability Framework and Interoperable Europe ActPrinciples and legal basis for public sector interoperabilityPublic, EU termsInteroperability and apis
Eurostat digital economy and society statisticsUse of e-government and digital skillsOpen, Eurostat reuse policyDigital inclusion
Government cloud strategies and procurement frameworksPolicies and contracts for public cloudPublic records, licence per governmentPublic cloud and concentration
Government service performance dashboardsAvailability and usage of digital servicesOpen data where publishedDigital service resilience
Government service performance dataSpeed, cost and satisfactionOpen data where publishedDigital public value
GovStack specificationsBuilding block specifications for digital governmentOpen, licence to checkInteroperability and apis
International Data Spaces Association and Gaia-X specificationsTechnical frameworks for data spacesPublic, terms to checkData spaces and rights
ITU Facts and FiguresInternet use by country, sex and locationPublic, ITU terms (to check)Digital inclusion
National API cataloguesPublished government APIsOpen, licence per catalogueInteroperability and apis
National CSIRT and cyber agency reportsIncidents affecting public servicesPublic, terms per agencyDigital service resilience
NIS2 Directive requirements for public administrationResilience obligations for public entities in the EUPublic, EU termsDigital service resilience
NIST Digital Identity Guidelines (SP 800-63)Identity proofing and authentication assurance levelsPublic domain, US governmentIdentity and authentication
OECD Digital Government Index and studiesDigital government practices across countriesPublic, OECD termsInteroperability and apis
OECD work on data governance and trustPolicy analysis of data sharingPublic, OECD termsData spaces and rights
Ombudsman and audit office reportsComplaints and audits of digital servicesPublic records, licence per officeDigital public value
Provider status historiesRecords of outagesPublic, terms per providerPublic cloud and concentration
Public procurement data portalsSpending by supplierOpen data, licence per portalPublic cloud and concentration
Published post-incident reviews of government digital servicesCauses and recovery of outagesPublic records, terms per publisherDigital service resilience
Regulator and industry fraud reports, such as UK Finance annual fraud reportsPayment fraud volumes and typesPublic, terms per publisherDigital payments and services
Rigorous evaluations of digital transfers and servicesEffects on leakage, speed and welfareLicence per publicationDigital public value
UN E-Government SurveyOnline service provision across countriesPublic, UN terms of useDigital inclusion
UNCTAD Data Protection and Privacy Legislation WorldwideStatus of laws by countryPublic, UNCTAD termsData spaces and rights
UNDP and partners DPI impact studiesEvidence on outcomes of digital public infrastructurePublic, terms per publisherDigital public value
UNICEF birth registration dataBirth registration by countryPublic, UNICEF termsIdentity and authentication
W3C Web Content Accessibility GuidelinesAccessibility criteriaOpen, W3C termsDigital inclusion
Web Accessibility Directive monitoring reportsAccessibility of public sector websites in the EUPublic, EU termsDigital inclusion
World Bank Global Findex DatabaseUse of accounts and digital paymentsOpen, CC BY 4.0Digital payments and services
World Bank ID4D global dataset and diagnosticsIdentification coverage and system assessmentsPublic, World Bank termsIdentity and authentication
World Bank Remittance Prices WorldwideCost of sending remittancesOpen, CC BY 4.0Digital payments and services
X-Road documentation (Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions)Open-source data exchange layer used by several governmentsOpen source, MIT licenceInteroperability and apis
06Known gaps

Where the DPI data record is thin.

  • Exclusion and error rates by group.
  • Outage and incident data.
  • Vendor dependency data.
  • Grievance outcomes.
07Status

How the register grows.

Sources are added to the register as they are reviewed. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described.

08Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
ProvenanceInformation about the entities, activities and people involved in producing a record, used to judge its quality and reliability, in the W3C PROV model.
FAIR principlesGuiding principles that make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable by people and machines.
Open licenceA licence that allows anyone to access, reuse and redistribute data, sometimes with attribution.
Data lineageThe traceable path of data from its origin through each transformation to its current form.
10Questions

Questions and answers.

Can I suggest a data source?
Yes. Write to contact@therisk.global with the source, its owner and its terms.
Digital Public Infrastructure

Bring your expertise to this field.

The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.