Data appendix
The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.
Contents
- ·Edition home
- ·Executive summary
- 1Health is where the systems meet
- 2Key findings
- 3Systems and sectors at baseline
- 4Risks and capability
- 5Outbreak, funding gap and heat season in fragile health systems
- 6Readings from the other desks
- 7The 2027 agenda
- 8Systems in depth
- AMethodology
- BData appendix
- CReferences and record
- ·Complete edition, for print
B.1The indicator set
| Indicator | Value | Unit | Year | State | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UHC service coverage index | 71 | of 100 | 2023 | Reported | 2 |
| People not fully covered by essential services | 4.6 | billion | 2023 | Reported | 2 |
| People with financial hardship from health costs | 2.1 | billion | 2022 | Reported | 2 |
| Deaths of children under five | 4.9 | million | 2024 | Reported | 15 |
| Maternal deaths | ≈260 000 | deaths | 2023 | Reported | 16 |
| Tuberculosis deaths | 1.23 | million | 2024 | Reported | 4 |
| Malaria deaths | 610 000 | deaths | 2024 | Reported | 5 |
| People living with HIV | 41.0 | million | 2025 | Reported | 7 |
| Children with no vaccine | 13.5 | million | 2025 | Reported | 8 |
| Children with no vaccine (UN DESA) | 14.3 | million | 2024 | Reported | 3 |
| Deaths from noncommunicable diseases | 43 | million | 2021 | Reported | 13 |
| People living with a mental disorder | 1.2 | billion | 2023 | Reported | 14 |
| Deaths associated with bacterial resistance | 4.71 | million | 2021 | Reported | 12 |
| Development assistance for health, estimate | 38.4 | USD billion | 2025e | Estimated | 40 |
| Health-worker shortage projected by 2030 | 11.1 | million | 2030 | Scenario | 39 |
| Cholera deaths reported to WHO | 7 870 | deaths | 2025 | Reported | 35 |
| Heat-linked deaths, yearly average | 546 000 | deaths | 2025 | Reported | 55 |
| Bundibugyo confirmed cases | 7 890 | cases | 2026 | Reported | 56 |
B.2Global source register
The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.
Domains bound by the register
- HLT
- BIO
- FIN
- CLI
- FOO
- WAT
- ENE
- GOV
- DAT
- TRD
| Source | Category | Coverage | Period | Cadence | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO World Health Statistics 20261 | intergovernmental agency | global | 2023 | annual | mortality, data gaps |
| WHO UHC fact sheet2 | intergovernmental agency | global | 2023 | annual | coverage |
| UN DESA SDG Report 2026, Goal 33 | UN agencies | global | 2024 | annual | goal progress |
| WHO fact sheets on TB, malaria, HIV456 | intergovernmental agency | global | 2024 to 2025 | annual | infectious disease |
| UNAIDS HIV statistics7 | UN agency | global | 2025 | annual | HIV |
| WHO GLASS report11 | intergovernmental agency | global | 2023 | annual | resistance |
| IHME resistance analysis12 | research institute | global | 2021 | one-off | burden and forecast |
| WHO Disease Outbreak News56 | intergovernmental agency | DRC and neighbours | 2026 | weekly to monthly | outbreak position |
| IHME development assistance for health40 | research institute | global | 2025e | annual | aid |
| World Bank World Development Indicators42 | multilateral bank | global | 2023 | annual | spending, physicians |
B.3Regional reading: health across ten clusters
Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.
| Region | Principal hazards | Systems most exposed | Baseline evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| North America | zoonotic influenza in dairy cattle since 2024 | animal health, food, clinics | WHO zoonotic influenza fact sheet37 |
| South America | vector-borne disease and yellow fever coverage | clinics, cities | regional statistics (not bound) |
| Europe | heat deaths and an ageing workforce | hospitals, cities | 61 672 heat deaths in summer 202228; doctor density 13 times the African Region39 |
| Eurasia | outbreak notices and surveillance | laboratories, borders | regional statistics (not bound) |
| Middle East and North Africa | cholera and conflict-related service loss | clinics, water supply | Sudan and Yemen are among seven countries with about 90% of reported cholera cases and deaths35; resistance in the Eastern Mediterranean11 |
| Africa | malaria, HIV, child mortality and the Bundibugyo outbreak | households, clinics, borders | malaria 95% of cases5; under-five rate 71.615; outbreak56 |
| South Asia | resistance, air pollution and dengue | hospitals, cities | resistance in South-East Asia Region11; air pollution burden27 |
| East Asia | air pollution and vaccine coverage gaps | cities, clinics | Hib coverage 45% in the Western Pacific Region8; air pollution burden27 |
| ASEAN | dengue and heat | cities, clinics | dengue fact sheet38 |
| Oceania-Pacific | small island health access and heat exposure | clinics, ports | regional statistics (not bound) |
B.4Outbreak card: Bundibugyo virus disease, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbours
- outbreak
- zoonotic
- cross-border
- no authorised vaccine
- Systems in view
- health, communities, borders, trade
- Defining events
- outbreak declared in May 2026; cases in Uganda and France by 26 August25
- Couplings
- BIO → HLT spillover; HLT → FIN response cost; TRD travel advice
- Capability evidence
- treatment trial enrolling confirmed cases; IHR temporary recommendations2556
- Gaps
- position after 23 September; funding gap; community deaths
- Agenda items
- H-01 · H-05
The outbreak is the largest Ebola disease outbreak recorded in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with 7 890 confirmed cases and 3 799 deaths by 23 September 2026 [56].
OUTBREAK
Scale
WHO notes a continuing high rate of deaths in communities, which points to late detection and care [56].
SECURITY
Detection delay
WHO publishes counts and risk assessments in each notice and advises against travel and trade restrictions [56].
LEARNING
Public notices
B.5How countries appear in the health edition
Countries enter the health edition through the health chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.
| Card field | What it shows | Source |
|---|---|---|
| WEFH+B state | each core system against peer distribution bands | national edition |
| Couplings | the national dependency matrix | national edition |
| Risk objects | the national risk portfolio | national edition |
| Capability rungs | the national capability ladder | national edition |
| Evidence age | oldest and newest source dates | national source register |
Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme
26national
countries and unions
10regional
clusters
16global
flagship and sector
20frontier
technology reports
How to read a country card
- Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist
- Couplings and risk objects come from the country’s own national edition
- Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions
- Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such
| Wave | Countries and unions | State |
|---|---|---|
| W0 | Canada | ISSUED |
| W1 | United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland | PLANNED |
| W2 | Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Türkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia | PLANNED |
B.6Licences
| Material | Licence |
|---|---|
| Text | CC BY 4.0 |
| Data | on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0 |
| Figures | Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited |
| Maps | boundary source and licence printed on each plate |
| Metadata | CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it |
| Third-party data, figures and text | The source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed |
| Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence. | |
B.7Formats and provenance
| Format | Kind | State | What it is | Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Web edition | HTML | On this site | Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source. | NR-SECTOR-HEALTH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 |
| Print edition | At release | A4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release. | NR-SECTOR-HEALTH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 | |
| Indicator data | CSV · JSON | On this site | 18 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release. | NR-SECTOR-HEALTH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1 |
| Figures | SVG · PNG | On this site | 4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder. | FIG-SECTOR-HEALTH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-* |
| Slides | Not recorded | No slide deck is recorded for this edition. | ||
| Evidence brief | HTML · PDF | Not recorded | No evidence brief is recorded for this edition. | |
| Dataset with DOI | DataCite | At release | Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet. |
Provenance
- Edition pack
- The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
- Evidence cut
- DC-SECTOR-HEALTH-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026
- Reproducibility
- sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
- Self-check
- 14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
- Review
- five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
- Publisher of record
- The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
- Corrections
- Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version
Notes
Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references
- 2WHO (ed.), Universal health coverage (UHC), fact sheet (5 December 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023 (service coverage) and 2022 (financial hardship). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 15WHO (ed.), Child mortality (under 5 years), fact sheet (1 May 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 16WHO (ed.), Maternal mortality, fact sheet (7 April 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 4WHO (ed.), Tuberculosis, fact sheet (24 March 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 5WHO (ed.), Malaria, fact sheet (4 December 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 7UNAIDS (ed.), Global HIV and AIDS statistics, fact sheet (2026 data release of 27 July 2026). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 8WHO (ed.), Immunisation coverage, fact sheet (15 July 2026; estimates with UNICEF). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 3UN DESA Statistics Division (ed.), The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2026, Goal 3 storyline, Good health and well-being. United Nations, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 13WHO (ed.), Noncommunicable diseases, fact sheet (25 September 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 14WHO (ed.), Mental disorders, fact sheet (11 September 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 12Naghavi, M. et al. (GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators), Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050, The Lancet 404 (10459), September 2024; abstract read through Europe PMC. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and partners. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 40Apeagyei, A.E. et al., Tracking development assistance for health, 1990 to 2030: historical trends, recent cuts, and outlook, The Lancet, 2025; abstract read through Europe PMC. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle. Observation year 2025 (estimate). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 39POST-CLOSE, context only: WHO (ed.), One in four doctors nearing retirement age as WHO warns of global health workforce gap, news release on National health workforce accounts: health workforce levels and trends 2026 (19 October 2026; released after the 30 September evidence close and cited as the position at access). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 35WHO (ed.), WHO reports latest global trends in cholera, meningitis and plague, news release (29 September 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 55WHO (ed.), Climate inaction is claiming millions of lives every year, warns new Lancet Countdown report, news release on the 2025 Lancet Countdown on health and climate change (29 October 2025; the report itself was not opened). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (average of about 546 000 heat-related deaths a year; the averaging period is not stated in the release). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 56WHO (ed.), Disease Outbreak News: Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo (25 September 2026, data to 23 September 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 28WHO (ed.), Climate change, heat and health, fact sheet (31 July 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2019 (average of 2000 to 2019) and 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 29POST-CLOSE, context only: WHO (ed.), Climate change is a growing health emergency, Lancet Countdown warns, departmental update summarising the 2026 Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change (28 October 2026; the report itself was not opened; released after the 30 September evidence close and cited as the position at access). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 1WHO (ed.), World Health Statistics 2026: A visual summary and report page (monitoring health for the SDGs, 13 May 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023 (deaths and life expectancy). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 6WHO (ed.), HIV and AIDS, fact sheet (27 July 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 11WHO (ed.), WHO warns of widespread resistance to common antibiotics worldwide, news release on the Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report 2025 (13 October 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 42DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, data service queried for current health expenditure (percentage of GDP), out-of-pocket expenditure and physicians per 1 000 people, world aggregate (database updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023 (spending) and 2022 (physicians). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 37WHO (ed.), Influenza (avian and other zoonotic), fact sheet (21 January 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024 (cattle outbreaks). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 27WHO (ed.), Ambient (outdoor) air pollution, fact sheet (24 October 2024). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 38WHO (ed.), Dengue and severe dengue, fact sheet (21 August 2025). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 25WHO (ed.), Disease Outbreak News: Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo (28 August 2026, data to 26 August 2026). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back