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Data dan Komputasi di Reports

Data infrastructure, national computational capacity and advanced computing in service of public knowledge. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.

Contribute on this areaBeranda Data dan Komputasi
Seri
2
Sistem
3
Metode
7
01In brief

What this area brings to the editions.

Data infrastructure, national computational capacity and advanced computing in service of public knowledge.

02Bidang

Data and Compute on the map.

Peta interaktif memerlukan JavaScript. Daftar lapisan dan sumber tersedia di bawah.

Lapisan 3

Energi saat ini, untuk halaman ini

Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Teramati
Sumber
VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
Penyedia
NASA LAADS DAAC
Lisensi
Data terbuka NASA
Tahun data
harian; radiansi satelit, dikoreksi untuk cahaya bulan dan atmosfer
Terbaru saat build
2026-10-12
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 500 m
Ketidakpastian
Pancaran radiasi satelit pada malam hari untuk tanggal yang ditampilkan; cahaya adalah proksi penggunaan listrik dan pemadaman, bukan ukuran pasokan atau akses.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Estimasi
Sumber
Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia))
Penyedia
NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia)
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Tahun data
produk statis; estimasi berbasis sensus, statis (2020)
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 1 km
Ketidakpastian
Estimasi berbasis sensus jumlah penduduk per kilometer persegi pada 2020, ditampilkan sebagai konteks keterpaparan; bukan hitungan orang yang terdampak bahaya apa pun.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Dimodelkan (bulan terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS)
Sumber
MERRA-2 (NASA GMAO / GES DISC)
Penyedia
NASA GMAO / GES DISC
Lisensi
Data terbuka NASA
Tahun data
bulanan; model reanalisis; bulan terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS
Terbaru saat build
2026-07-01
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 2 km
Ketidakpastian
Estimasi model reanalisis rata-rata bulanan sinar matahari yang masuk di atas daratan; indikator sumber daya surya, bukan penilaian hasil produksi suatu lokasi.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Teramati
Sumber
Reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)
Penyedia
NASA LANCE
Lisensi
Data terbuka NASA
Tahun data
harian; citra satelit
Terbaru saat build
2026-10-14
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 250 m
Ketidakpastian
Citra satelit. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Dimodelkan (tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS)
Sumber
MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
Penyedia
NASA LP DAAC
Lisensi
Data terbuka NASA
Tahun data
tahunan; klasifikasi satelit; tahun terbaru yang diterbitkan GIBS
Terbaru saat build
2024-01-01
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 500 m
Ketidakpastian
Kelas tutupan lahan satelit untuk tahun yang ditampilkan, termasuk lahan pertanian; klasifikasi dengan kesalahan yang diketahui, bukan register pertanian.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
Bukti
Teramati (awan menyisakan celah)
Sumber
VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)
Penyedia
NASA LANCE
Lisensi
Data terbuka NASA
Tahun data
harian; hasil pengambilan satelit; awan menyisakan celah
Terbaru saat build
2026-10-14
Resolusi
kisi sekitar 1 km
Ketidakpastian
Suhu kulit permukaan tanah dari satelit pada hari yang ditampilkan, indikator kebutuhan pendinginan; bukan suhu udara atau peringatan panas.
Dijangkau melalui
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung

Terbaru yang tersedia

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Memuat citra NASA terbaru.

Seret untuk menggeser. Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir, cubit, atau gunakan tombol untuk memperbesar. Arahkan kursor untuk melihat nilai di bawah penunjuk. Setel ulang untuk kembali ke wilayah.

Energi saat ini, dibingkai pada Amerika Serikat daratan utama.Produk satelit dan model sebagaimana diterbitkan NASA, masing-masing dengan tanggalnya sendiri. Produk ini adalah indikator, bukan penilaian atas tempat mana pun.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © kontributor OpenStreetMap · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA/NOAA VIIRS · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT

Sumber dan lisensi

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
  • Cahaya malam VIIRS Black Marble, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Didistribusikan oleh NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • MERRA-2 reanalysis, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
  • Produk near-real-time VIIRS (banjir, suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan salju, reflektansi terkoreksi), NASA LANCE. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
  • ASTER GDEM adalah produk METI dan NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Kutip sebagai: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. Data terbuka NASA
  • Dibuat dengan Natural Earth. Data peta vektor dan raster gratis @ naturalearthdata.com. Domain publik
  • © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL), melalui NASA GIBS (garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat). Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
  • Konteks pada globe dan peta datar: garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat dari lapisan acuan NASA GIBS (data OpenStreetMap, ODbL, © kontributor OpenStreetMap). Citra Blue Marble sebagai peta dasar opsional. Medan 3D dan keterangan elevasi dari indeks warna elevasi ASTER GDEM (kelas 5 m hingga 200 m, dilebih-lebihkan agar terbaca). Batas wilayah digambar sebagaimana diterbitkan dan tidak menyiratkan posisi atas wilayah mana pun.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © kontributor MapLibre.
  • Peristiwa langsung: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET). Peristiwa bersifat indikatif dan mempertahankan tautan sumber aslinya.
  • Observed (EO): NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Setahun terakhir, suhu harian (ERA5 melalui Open-Meteo): Memuat informasi Copernicus Climate Change Service yang dimodifikasi, 2026.
  • Setahun terakhir, suhu harian dan penyinaran matahari (NASA POWER): Data ini diperoleh dari Proyek POWER NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) yang didanai melalui NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program..
  • Data cuaca oleh Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • Lapisan opsional (10 sumber dalam daftar lapisan: langsung, prakiraan, observasi, dan konteks) menampilkan kredit penyedianya di peta dan di sini saat diaktifkan. Prakiraan adalah keluaran model, dan indeks turunan adalah estimasi.

Lapisan dan tanggal

  • Cahaya malam, harian: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Okt 2026
  • Kepadatan penduduk, 2020: Penduduk: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · statis
  • Sinar matahari yang tiba di permukaan di atas daratan, rata-rata bulanan: MERRA-2, NASA GMAO / GES DISC · Juli 2026
  • Warna asli: reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026
  • Tipe tutupan lahan (IGBP), tahunan: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Suhu permukaan daratan, siang: VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026

03In the editions

9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Data and Compute.

Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the sistem this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.

  1. AREUni Emirat ArabGas gave 68% of electricity generation in 2025, down from 97% in 2019, while nuclear reached 21% and solar 10%; total generation rose from 138 to 184 TWh.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-ENE-003
  2. ARGArgentinaLow-carbon sources supplied 42% of electricity in 2025, and renewables including large hydro covered 40.2% of demand.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-ENE-003
  3. AUUni AfrikaIn 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018; about 579 million had none (derived).REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-ENE-002
  4. AUSAustraliaWind and solar supplied 33% of electricity in 2025; fossil fuels supplied 61% and coal 43%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AUS-ENE-003
  5. BRABrasilRenewables supplied 86.8% of electricity in 2025. Hydropower fell 4.8% to 401.4 TWh while gas generation rose 22.7%, and wind and solar together supplied 26.4%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-ENE-005
  6. CHESwissIn 2025 hydropower supplied 55.5% of domestic electricity generation, nuclear power 27.2% and photovoltaics 11.8%, and final electricity consumption was 57,970 GWh.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-ENE-003
  7. CHNTiongkokCoal supplied 54.8% of electricity in 2025 and 51.4% of total energy consumption, while wind and solar supplied 21.9% of electricity.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-ENE-006
  8. EUUni EropaRenewables supplied 25.2% of gross final energy consumption in 2024, 17.3 points below the 42.5% target for 2030.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-ENE-003
  9. GS-02Energi GlobalGlobal energy demand grew 1.3% (8 EJ) in 2025, down from 2% in 2024, and electricity demand grew nearly 3%, more than twice as fast.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-ENE-001
04Evidence path

From Foundry evidence to the series.

The evidence, step by step, from the sistem this area reads to the series it feeds.

How Data and Compute reaches Laporan: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.

LangkahApa yang terjadiSumber
01 What it readsData and Compute reads NXS-COR (komputasi, simpul, dan runtime) dan The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source.
02 How it reads themHigh-performance, cloud and edge computing and Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value.
03 The cut is sealedEach quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt.
04 The series it feedsThe cut feeds Exponential Technology and Strategic Systems, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series.
05 Who decidesDecisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it.

A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Data dan Komputasi di Reports (2026); Data and Compute home (2026).

05Seri

The series it feeds, and what backs each.

SeriFoundry systems it draws onAcademy disciplinesSeries home
Teknologi EksponensialNXS-NXQ (perangkat lunak, model, dan siklus hidup kapabilitas) the capability catalogue and fitness assessments of machine capabilities
NXS-LAB (penelitian, eksperimen, dan simulasi) benchmark comparisons and experiment records for fast-changing technologies		Kecerdasan buatan dan pembelajaran mesin
Tata kelola inovasi dan teknologi garda depan
Teknologi kuantum		Exponential Technology series home
Strategic SistemNXS-GRX concentration and substitutability analysis of strategic supply
NXS-NET (topologi jaringan dan kesinambungan) digital backbone dependencies and continuity plans
NXS-NSF (kepercayaan, otorisasi, dan penjaminan) the public-safe release decision that keeps sensitive detail out		Mineral kritis, pertambangan, dan industri ekstraktif
Keamanan teknologi: penggunaan ganda, kontrol ekspor, dan tata kelola komputasi
Perdagangan, rantai pasok, dan geoekonomi		Strategic Systems series home
06Backed by

The systems, methods and teaching behind it.

07Di seluruh Konsorsium

Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.

08Topik

Topic pages on Data and Compute.

Topik

Cip dan semikonduktor

Topik

Sistem cloud dan edge

Topik

Komputasi, energi, dan air

Topik

Hak data dan kepercayaan

Topik

Komputasi kinerja tinggi

Topik

Infrastruktur data untuk kepentingan publik

Topik

Alur yang dapat direproduksi

Topik

Akses infrastruktur riset

09Berkontribusi

Contribute on Data and Compute.

Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.

Contribution composer

Write a contribution the editor can act on.

Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.

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Write the contribution Deposit on Zenodo instead
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Never send personal data or sensitive infrastructure detail. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights.

10Sains terbuka

Open science for Data and Compute.

How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.

Data and Compute’s open record

Bidang
Data dan Komputasi
Feeds
Exponential Technology, Strategic Systems
Catatan
A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
Tautan
isSupplementTo the edition it informs; isNewVersionOf its earlier version
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0

Credit and identity

ORCID
Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
ROR
Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
CRediT
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
Akun
None needed to contribute; never a password

Find and follow

Search the open indexes for Data and Compute; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.

Mirrors and harvest

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InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Data and Compute, prefilled from this page
{
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        },
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "id": "ROR identifier of your organisation"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "description": "What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Data and Compute in Nexus Reports.",
    "rights": [
      {
        "id": "cc-by-4.0"
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    ],
    "subjects": [
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        "subject": "Nexus Reports"
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        "subject": "Data and Compute"
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      }
    ],
    "related_identifiers": [
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11Terbaru

Releases for this area.

Releases tagged to this area appear here once released.

LaporanBerkontribusi

Send evidence on Data and Compute.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) Sistem Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). Apa yang Anda ketahui tentang topik ini dapat menjadi bukti, studi kasus, atau koreksi pada edisi berikutnya, dengan mencantumkan nama Anda dan diterbitkan di bawah CC BY 4.0 jika itu karya Anda sendiri. Jika terkirim ke meja yang salah, kiriman diteruskan, bukan ditolak.

Meja Bukti Sistem GCRIData dan KomputasiTeknologi EksponensialSistem Strategis

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Terkait

Around the reports at GCRI.

Reports · GCRI

Bring what you know to the next edition.

Every quarter closes on a sealed evidence cut. Contributions received before the cut are reviewed for that edition; later ones wait for the next.

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Peta, data, dan gambar di situs ini ditampilkan untuk konteks dan informasi umum. Semua itu bukan nasihat, prakiraan, atau peringatan; batasan informasinya dijelaskan dalam Penafian dan Pemberitahuan Data.

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.