Reports · GCRI · Established
Water · Climate and hazards · Critical infrastructure
Water Nexus di Reports
The interdependence of water services, watersheds, human health, energy, food and economic resilience. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.
- Seri
- 3
- Sistem
- 5
- Metode
- 9
What this area brings to the editions.
The interdependence of water services, watersheds, human health, energy, food and economic resilience.
Water Nexus on the map.
Peta interaktif memerlukan JavaScript. Daftar lapisan dan sumber tersedia di bawah.
Lapisan 3
Air saat ini, untuk halaman ini
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati (awan menyisakan celah)
- Sumber
- Produk Banjir Global VIIRS (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; deteksi satelit; awan menyisakan celah
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Deteksi satelit; awan menyisakan celah. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Estimasi
- Sumber
- GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)
- Penyedia
- NASA GES DISC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; estimasi satelit, mendekati waktu nyata
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 2 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Estimasi satelit, mendekati waktu nyata. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Dimodelkan
- Sumber
- SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA NSIDC DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; model dengan asimilasi data satelit
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-11
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 2 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Model dengan asimilasi data satelit. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana dipublikasikan penyedia. Awan, celah sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data meninggalkan celah dan derau; nilai berupa indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- Reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)
- Penyedia
- NASA LANCE
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; citra satelit
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 250 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Citra satelit. Raster satelit atau model sebagaimana diterbitkan penyedia. Awan, celah jalur sapuan, dan galat pengambilan data menyisakan celah dan derau; nilai-nilainya adalah indikator, bukan pengukuran di suatu tempat.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Estimasi
- Sumber
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia))
- Penyedia
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Universitas Columbia)
- Lisensi
- CC BY 4.0
- Tahun data
- produk statis; estimasi berbasis sensus, statis (2020)
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 1 km
- Ketidakpastian
- Estimasi berbasis sensus jumlah penduduk per kilometer persegi pada 2020, ditampilkan sebagai konteks keterpaparan; bukan hitungan orang yang terdampak bahaya apa pun.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Tentang lapisan ini
- Bukti
- Teramati
- Sumber
- VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
- Penyedia
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- Lisensi
- Data terbuka NASA
- Tahun data
- harian; radiansi satelit, dikoreksi untuk cahaya bulan dan atmosfer
- Terbaru saat build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolusi
- kisi sekitar 500 m
- Ketidakpastian
- Pancaran radiasi satelit pada malam hari untuk tanggal yang ditampilkan; cahaya adalah proksi penggunaan listrik dan pemadaman, bukan ukuran pasokan atau akses.
- Dijangkau melalui
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, hanya setelah Anda mengizinkan peta langsung
Papan ketik, dengan peta terfokus
Tahan Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir untuk memperbesar
Terbaru yang tersedia
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Memuat citra NASA terbaru.
Seret untuk menggeser. Ctrl atau ⌘ dan gulir, cubit, atau gunakan tombol untuk memperbesar. Arahkan kursor untuk melihat nilai di bawah penunjuk. Setel ulang untuk kembali ke wilayah.
Air saat ini, dibingkai pada Lembah Sungai Nil.Produk satelit dan model sebagaimana diterbitkan NASA, masing-masing dengan tanggalnya sendiri. Produk ini adalah indikator, bukan penilaian atas tempat mana pun.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © kontributor OpenStreetMap · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT
Sumber dan lisensi
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- Produk near-real-time VIIRS (banjir, suhu permukaan daratan, tutupan salju, reflektansi terkoreksi), NASA LANCE. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Presipitasi GPM IMERG, NASA Precipitation Processing System. Didistribusikan oleh NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). Data terbuka NASA
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- Cahaya malam VIIRS Black Marble, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Didistribusikan oleh NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- ASTER GDEM adalah produk METI dan NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC). Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Kutip sebagai: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. Data terbuka NASA
- Dibuat dengan Natural Earth. Data peta vektor dan raster gratis @ naturalearthdata.com. Domain publik
- © kontributor OpenStreetMap (ODbL), melalui NASA GIBS (garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat). Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory. Citra melalui NASA GIBS. Warna digambar ulang dari peta warna yang diterbitkan. Nilai dirata-ratakan ke dalam sel H3 bila ditampilkan (dimodifikasi). Data terbuka NASA
- Konteks pada globe dan peta datar: garis pantai, batas wilayah, jalan, dan nama tempat dari lapisan acuan NASA GIBS (data OpenStreetMap, ODbL, © kontributor OpenStreetMap). Citra Blue Marble sebagai peta dasar opsional. Medan 3D dan keterangan elevasi dari indeks warna elevasi ASTER GDEM (kelas 5 m hingga 200 m, dilebih-lebihkan agar terbaca). Batas wilayah digambar sebagaimana diterbitkan dan tidak menyiratkan posisi atas wilayah mana pun.
- Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © kontributor MapLibre.
- Peristiwa langsung: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET). Peristiwa bersifat indikatif dan mempertahankan tautan sumber aslinya.
- Langsung: NASA EONET. Peristiwa bersifat indikatif, bukan peringatan otoritas.
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Prakiraan debit sungai, 30 hari dengan rentang (GloFAS melalui Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; bukan peringatan banjir.
- Setahun terakhir, suhu harian (ERA5 melalui Open-Meteo): Memuat informasi Copernicus Climate Change Service yang dimodifikasi, 2026.
- Setahun terakhir, suhu harian dan penyinaran matahari (NASA POWER): Data ini diperoleh dari Proyek POWER NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) yang didanai melalui NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program..
- Data cuaca oleh Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), dilisensikan di bawah CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Lapisan opsional (15 sumber dalam daftar lapisan: langsung, prakiraan, pengamatan, dan konteks) mencantumkan kredit penyedia pada peta dan di sini saat diaktifkan; prakiraan adalah keluaran model dan indeks turunan merupakan estimasi.
Lapisan dan tanggal
- Genangan banjir, komposit 3 hari: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Okt 2026
- Laju curah hujan, rata-rata harian: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC · 12 Okt 2026
- Kelembapan tanah zona akar, 0 hingga 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC · 11 Okt 2026
- Warna asli: reflektansi terkoreksi VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE · 13 Okt 2026
- Kepadatan penduduk, 2020: Penduduk: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · statis
- Cahaya malam, harian: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Okt 2026
9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Water Nexus.
Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the sistem this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.
- AREUni Emirat ArabNet greenhouse-gas emissions were 195.2 Mt CO₂e in 2022 including land use, 0.8% below 2019; energy gave 164.1 Mt, industrial processes 29.6 Mt and waste 5.6 Mt, and land use removed 6.6 Mt.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-CLI-001
- ARGArgentinaThe national inventory reports 400.9 MtCO₂e including land use for 2022, and 377.8 MtCO₂e net on the climate-contribution basis.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-CLI-001
- AUUni AfrikaIn 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018; about 579 million had none (derived).REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-ENE-002
- AUSAustraliaGreenhouse-gas emissions excluding land use were 591.5 Mt CO₂e in 2024, against 605.2 Mt in 2019 and 579.5 Mt in 2020.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AUS-CLI-001
- BRABrasilGross greenhouse-gas emissions fell 16.7% in 2024 to 2,145 Mt CO₂e, led by lower land-use change; net emissions were 1.49 Gt CO₂e. SEEG is a civil-society estimate, not the official inventory.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-CLI-001
- CHESwissGreenhouse-gas emissions were 40.1 MtCO₂e in 2024, 27.3% below 1990 and 22.3% below when land use is included; transport emitted 13.4 MtCO₂e and international aviation and maritime a further 5.5 MtCO₂e outside the 2030 target.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-CLI-001
- CHNTiongkokThe national mean temperature was 10.9 °C in 2025, 1.0 °C above the 1991 to 2020 normal and tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951; hot days averaged 16.5, the most since 1961.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-CLI-001
- EUUni EropaNet domestic greenhouse-gas emissions were 40% below 1990 in 2024 and 3% below 2023; on the 2030 target basis the cut was 37%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-CLI-001
- GS-02Energi GlobalGlobal energy demand grew 1.3% (8 EJ) in 2025, down from 2% in 2024, and electricity demand grew nearly 3%, more than twice as fast.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-ENE-001
From Foundry evidence to the series.
The evidence, step by step, from the sistem this area reads to the series it feeds.
How Water Nexus reaches Laporan: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.
| Langkah | Apa yang terjadi | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
| 01 What it reads | Water Nexus reads NXS-EOP (observasi bumi dan kembaran digital) dan The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX): governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source. | |
| 02 How it reads them | Hydrology and water science and Water and environmental engineering turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value. | |
| 03 The cut is sealed | Each quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt. | |
| 04 The series it feeds | The cut feeds Global Sector Risk and Resilience and Country Systems Risk and Resilience, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series. | |
| 05 Who decides | Decisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it. |
A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Water Nexus di Reports (2026); Water Nexus home (2026).
The series it feeds, and what backs each.
| Seri | Foundry systems it draws on | Academy disciplines | Series home |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risiko dan Ketahanan Sektor Global | NXS-GRX one sector’s structure, dependencies and concentration measures NXS-EOP observed change in the sector’s assets and their surroundings | Perdagangan, rantai pasok, dan geoekonomi Infrastruktur kritis and lifelines | Global Sector Risk and Resilience series home |
| Negara Sistem Risk and Resilience | NXS-GRX one country’s dependency map and its indicator baselines NXS-CMD (integrated posture and executive synthesis) the national portfolio of risk reduction work the edition reads against NXS-EOP exposure and change layers at subnational detail | Manajemen risiko berbasis nexus (NRM) Disaster pengurangan risiko Infrastruktur kritis dan jalur kehidupan | Country Systems Risk and Resilience series home |
| Sinyal Observatorium | NXS-OPS (instrumen, sensor, dan kalibrasi) calibrated primary observations and their uncertainty budgets NXS-EWS (pemantauan dan peringatan multi-bahaya) whether an anomaly was forecast and how well NXS-EOP observational change products that corroborate a signal NXS-SIG spectrum and timing anomalies that affect dependent services | Analisis geospasial, observasi Bumi, dan GeoAI Ilmu iklim, variabilitas, dan perubahan Sistem antariksa, cuaca antariksa, dan navigasi | Observatory Signal series home |
The systems, methods and teaching behind it.
- NXS-EOPNXS-EOPNXS-EOPRooms: Acquisition, Change.
- NXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRX
- NXS-EWSNXS-EWSNXS-EWSRooms: Forecast Verification, Warning Desk.
- NXS-DSS (kasus keputusan dan deliberasi)NXS-DSSNXS-DSSRooms: Scenarios, Decisions.
- NXS-OPSNXS-OPSNXS-OPSRooms: Instruments, Metrology.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsHidrologi dan ilmu airThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsRekayasa air dan lingkunganThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsSistem informasi geospasialThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM Commonsobservasi Bumi dan penginderaan jauhThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsSensor, IoT, dan jaringan observasiThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Metode STEMSTEM CommonsPeramalan dan analisis deret waktuThe canonical method page, with its limits.
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyKetahanan air dan hidrologiFakultas Ilmu Kebumian dan Lingkungan
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyBanjir, badai, dan siklon tropisFakultas Bahaya, Bencana, dan Ketahanan
- Academy disciplineRisk AcademyNexus air, energi, pangan, dan ekosistemFakultas Kajian Sistem dan Nexus
- BidangGCRIAirThe field across science, governance and finance.
- BidangGCRIIklim dan bahayaThe field across science, governance and finance.
- BidangGCRIInfrastruktur kritisThe field across science, governance and finance.
Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.
- Counterpart · GRFLaporanDiplomacy NexusShared: Water, Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRFLaporanTata Kelola Iklim dan AlamShared: Climate and hazards, Water.
- Counterpart · GRFLaporanTata Kelola Bencana dan KrisisShared: Critical infrastructure.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanInsurance NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanBanking NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanAsset Management NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanDevelopment Finance NexusShared: Critical infrastructure.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanReasuransi dan KatastrofeShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRALaporanRisiko Keuangan Iklim dan AlamShared: Climate and hazards.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar bahaya hidrometeorologiHazards and disaster risk reduction. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsWMO dan layanan hidrometeorologiEarly warning and anticipatory action. Parts NS-3, NS-9, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar risiko airWater and food systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar risiko iklimClimate and Earth systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-11, NS-14.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsStandar risiko atmosfer dan kualitas udaraClimate and Earth systems. Parts NS-0, NS-1, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus StandardsAdaptasi iklim dan risiko transisiClimate and Earth systems. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-9, NS-10, NS-11, NS-14.
Contribute on Water Nexus.
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Open science for Water Nexus.
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Water Nexus’s open record
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- Tautan
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Around the reports at GCRI.
The sectors behind Water Nexus.
A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.
Tanda tangan
Air dan mitranya
Air memberi irigasi bagi pangan (0,8), air pendingin dan tenaga air bagi energi (0,6), dan aliran lingkungan bagi keanekaragaman hayati (0,6).
W · E · I · F · H · B
- Sektor
- 4 dari 6
- Hubungan
- 6 dari 15
- Keterkaitan
- 0.43 porsi dari total
Hubungan terkuat yang berperan
- Pangan → Keanekaragaman hayati · alih fungsi lahan0.6
- Air → Energi · air pendingin dan tenaga air0.6
- Air → Pangan · irigasi0.8
- Air → Keanekaragaman hayati · aliran lingkungan0.6
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