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GCRI · Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome Systeme

KI und öffentliche Dienste

Governments use algorithms to target benefits, detect fraud, triage health care, allocate inspections, translate and answer citizens’ questions. When these Systeme are wrong, opaque or biased, people lose services and rights they depend on, often without knowing why. This page sets out how public sector AI succeeds and fails, how it is assessed and made accountable, and what evidence serves the agencies, auditors and citizens involved.

01Arbeitsfläche

Wie die Arbeit abläuft.

System · rund um dieses ThemaBeispielhaft

Modellregister

AI and public services · Model registry · Release gate

Ein Modell am Gate blockiertGCRI · Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome Systeme

Modelle

M-843 triage assistantÖffentlicher DienstHoch22 of 24 suitesBlockiert
M-266 flood nowcastWissenschaftMittel11 von 12Freigegeben
M-756 document searchInternNiedrig8 of 8Freigegeben
M-769 agent plannerAgentischHoch12 of 16Wird evaluiert

Modellkarte

Verwendungszweck
Triage-Unterstützung, Mensch entscheidet
Außerhalb des Umfangs
Förderfähigkeitsentscheidungen
Bekannte Grenzen
geringere Genauigkeit bei seltenen Fällen
Inhaber
Modelleigner

Vorfallprotokoll

  1. D-13INCErfundenes Zitat in der Zusammenfassung
  2. D-6MITRetrieval-Verankerung ergänzt
  3. D-2INCPrompt-Injection über hochgeladene Datei
  4. D-1MITWerkzeugberechtigung eingeschränkt

Evaluation scores

vs release threshold

Task accuracy87 of 85 requiredRobustheit77 of 75 requiredFairness gap (lower is better)5 of 5 requiredRefusal on misuse94 of 95 required
Model registry: the screen’s structure, terms and states for AI and public services.Beispielnamen und beispielhafte Werte; ein Entwurf, kein Eintrag und kein Live-System.

Abb.Model registry: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02Die Frage

AI and public services: how the risk develops.

Public accountability, access and rights. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mechanismus

Errors fall on the vulnerable

People who depend most on public services are often those most affected by automated decisions, and least able to challenge them.

Mechanismus

Historical data carry bias

Models trained on past decisions can reproduce discrimination present in those decisions, even when protected characteristics are excluded.

Mechanismus

Opacity blocks challenge

When people cannot see that an algorithm was used or why it produced a result, they cannot contest it, and errors persist.

Mechanismus

Accountability stays with the agency

Procuring a system from a vendor does not transfer responsibility. Agencies must be able to explain, audit and override algorithmic decisions.

03Methoden und Evidenz

How AI and public services is modelled, measured and tested.

Das Modell, seine Annahmen, seine Daten und seine Unsicherheit in der Form, in der eine Wissenschaftlerin oder ein Ingenieur sie prüfen würde. Die Strukturen folgen veröffentlichten Methoden. Die dargestellten Werte sind illustrativ, keine Befunde.

Systemmodell

The couplings between the systems in AI and public services: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+Künstliche IntelligenzDatenGemeinschaftenWirtschaftR verstärkendB ausgleichend
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR-Leitprinzipien · GO FAIR und FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumHinweise zur einheitlichen Behandlung von Unsicherheiten · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04Domänenübergreifend

AI in public services touches the domains people depend on.

Public service AI studies are designed for the Reihe Evidence Brief. The EU AI Act classifies many public-service uses as high-risk; UNESCO’s Recommendation (2021) and WHO guidance (2021) set ethical expectations.

  • Algorithmic impact assessments a body publishes.
  • Accounts from people affected by automated decisions.
05Indikatoren

Was gemessen wird und wie gut.

Jeder Indikator trägt seine Einheit, seinen Rhythmus, die Art der zugrunde liegenden Quelle und die Evidenzkennzeichnung, die ein Wert tragen würde. Es werden keine Werte gezeigt: Ein Programm liefert sie unter seiner eigenen Autorität.

IndikatorEinheitTaktQuellentypKennzeichnung
Public algorithm registerscount of Systeme registeredper updateGovernment algorithm registersVeröffentlichte Statistiken
Algorithmic impact assessments completedpercent of deployed systemsjährlichBehördenaufzeichnungenDEKLARIERT
Error rate by population groupdifference in error ratesper auditAlgorithm auditsBEOBACHTET
Decisions appealed and overturnedcount and percentjährlichAppeals recordsVeröffentlichte Statistiken
Systems with human review of adverse decisionspercent of systemsje PrüfungAgency documentationDEKLARIERT
Audit findings on public sector algorithmscount by severityper audit cycleAudit office reportsBERICHTET
06Quellen

Woher die Evidenz stammt.

Benannte öffentliche Datensätze und institutionelle Aufzeichnungen, jeweils mit ihrer Lizenzklasse. Quellen auf Vereinbarungsbasis werden nur zu ihren Bedingungen genutzt und niemals weiterveröffentlicht.

QuelleWas es liefertLizenzklasse
Government algorithm and AI registers, such as the UK Algorithmic Transparency Recording Standard recordsPublic records of algorithmic tools in useOpen, Open Government Licence where applicable
National audit office reports on algorithmsIndependent audits of public sector AIPublic records, licence per office
OECD.AI Policy ObservatoryGovernment AI policies and the AI Incidents MonitorPublic, OECD terms
Court and ombudsman decisions on automated decision-makingLegal findings on public sector algorithmsÖffentliche Aufzeichnungen
Canada Directive on Automated Decision-Making and its impact assessment toolA model for impact assessment requirementsPublic, Government of Canada terms
07Entscheidungen

Wer entscheidet und wozu die Evidenz dient.

Studio Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome System prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Wer entscheidetDie FrageEvidenz, der diese Seite dient
Government agenciesWhether and how to deploy an algorithm in a public serviceImpact assessments; audit methods
Auditors and ombudspersonsWhere to investigate algorithmic harmRegisters; appeals data; audit evidence
ParlamenteWhat transparency and accountability to requireComparative policy and case evidence

Ergebnisse, die dieses Thema hervorbringt

  • Impact assessment templates for public sector AI
  • Audit methods for disaggregated error and fairness
  • Transparency record templates
  • Case studies of public sector algorithm failures and fixes
08Kernfragen

What public-sector technologists ask.

  • Is the system accurate for the whole population it serves, including minority groups?
  • Can affected people understand a decision, challenge it and get it corrected?
  • Who is accountable when an automated decision is wrong?
  • Does automation improve access, or does it create new barriers for people without digital skills or connections?
09Mechanismen

How automated decisions go wrong.

System trained on historical administrative data inherit its biases and gaps. Risk-scoring tools can concentrate scrutiny on groups already over-represented in past enforcement. Small error rates become large numbers of wrongly affected people at national scale. When staff defer to the system, known as automation bias, errors are not caught.

Opacity compounds harm: if neither public servants nor citizens can see why a decision was made, it is hard to contest and slow to correct. Access barriers arise when services move online without alternatives.

10Methoden und Daten

Evidence for accountable systems.

  1. 01

    Folgenabschätzung

    Structured assessment of a system’s purpose, data, affected groups and safeguards before deployment, using Sozial- und Verhaltenswissenschaften. Quality depends on honest completion.

  2. 02

    Fairness and error analysis

    Disaggregated error rates by group, with Wahrscheinlichkeit und Statistik. Different fairness definitions can conflict, so trade-offs must be made explicit.

  3. 03

    Explanation and contestability

    Designing decision notices and appeal routes people can use. Technical explanations do not by themselves make a decision contestable.

  4. 04

    Audit and monitoring

    Ongoing checks of outcomes and complaints after deployment.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Die Gremien und Dokumente, vor deren Hintergrund diese Seite gelesen wird. Status und Ausgaben ändern sich; jeder Link führt zur herausgebenden Stelle.

13Fragen

Fragen und Antworten.

What is automated decision-making?
Decisions about people made wholly or partly by algorithms, such as eligibility for benefits or prioritisation for inspection, which some laws regulate specifically.
What is an algorithmic impact assessment?
A structured review before and during deployment of an algorithm’s purpose, data, risks to rights and safeguards, often required for public sector systems.
Can people challenge an algorithmic decision?
Many legal systems give rights to an explanation, human review or appeal, but these depend on knowing that an algorithm was used and on how the law applies.
Should public services use AI at all?
That is a decision for public authorities and the public. The platform’s role is to show what systems can do reliably, where they fail and what safeguards evidence supports.
What is automation bias?
The tendency of people to over-rely on automated recommendations, accepting them without adequate scrutiny even when they are wrong.
Can affected people use the platform’s work?
Yes. Outputs are written to be usable by advocates, ombudspersons and the public as well as by public servants.
Does the platform evaluate specific government systems?
Only through scoped projects with the competent authority under written terms. It does not audit systems on its own initiative or publish assessments without agreement.
BerichteBeitragen

Evidenz von dieser Seite aus beitragen.

Berichte is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIKünstliche Intelligenz und autonome SystemeExponentielle TechnologieLabs-Evidenz
Künstliche Intelligenz und autonome Systeme

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