GCRI · 城市与建成环境
方法与不确定性
The methods Cities and Built Environment relies on: their equations and assumptions, the data they need, how they are validated and the limits of what they can show.
使用中的方法。
- 01结构与地震工程城市建筑脆弱性概况 · 学校与住房加固在此应用
- 02城市与交通工程可达性分析 · 安全街道设计 · 防洪交通在此应用
- 03地理信息系统城市风险暴露数据库 · 社区制图 · 用于规划的危害叠加在此应用
- 04空间统计与地统计小区域估计 · 弱势群体的空间聚集 · 城市温度插值在此应用
- 05社会与行为科学住房与权属调查 · 参与式规划研究 · 流离失所研究在此应用
- 06地球与地球物理科学地震小区划 · 城市地面沉降监测 · 城市斜坡滑坡危害在此应用
- 07传感器、物联网与观测网络低成本空气与温度传感器 · 排水与洪水传感器 · 城市感知中的隐私在此应用
- 08能源发电、储能与电网技术建筑能耗与过热 · 屋顶太阳能潜力 · 能源贫困制图在此应用
- 09水与环境工程城市排水设计 · 无服务地区的卫生设施 · 废弃物与排水的关联在此应用
Each method, its role in this field and how it is checked.
- 结构工程Role hereStructural and earthquake engineering is the method this platform stewards for the network.Checks appliedField verification of classes; Fragility calibration; Peer review of retrofit designs
- 城市交通工程Role hereUrban and transport engineering is the second method this platform stewards.Checks appliedSchedule versus operation; Crash data completeness; Equity analysis
- GeospatialRole hereGeospatial information systems hold the city’s map: land use, buildings, networks, services and hazards.Checks appliedCompleteness assessment; Consent and data protection; Positional accuracy
- 空间统计Role hereSpatial statistics estimate and compare conditions across neighbourhoods where direct data are sparse.Checks appliedModel validation; Uncertainty maps; Multiple testing control
- 社会科学Role hereSocial and behavioural science explains how people experience the city: housing choices, travel, tenure, participation and inequality.Checks appliedSampling coverage; Ethics review; Feedback to participants
- 地球科学Role hereEarth and geophysical science supplies the ground beneath the city: landslide-prone slopes, soft soils that amplify shaking, subsidence and the geology of aquifers.Checks appliedBorehole verification; GNSS comparison; Inventory review
- Sensing IoTRole hereSensors and connected devices give cities continuous measurements of air, heat, water, traffic and infrastructure condition.Checks appliedCo-location calibration; Data quality flags; Privacy impact review
- Energy technologyRole hereEnergy technologies shape how buildings are heated, cooled and powered, and how much they emit.Checks appliedSimulation calibration; Overheating criteria; Survey representativeness
- Environmental engineeringRole hereEnvironmental engineering designs the water, sanitation, drainage, waste and air quality systems that keep cities healthy.Checks appliedModel calibration; Climate allowance; Service chain review
流程如何运行。
Process explorer · Process
Methods and uncertainty: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
10 steps·4 个阶段
流程
Methods and uncertainty: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
PRISMA 2020 是系统综述的报告指南;各步骤依循其核查清单,而非强制顺序,且没有任何 Nexus 文件采纳它。
01 Plan
- 01注册与协议记录 · 审查团队该指南要求说明注册信息、方案的获取方式以及任何修订。
- 02资格标准记录 · 审查团队该指南要求说明纳入与排除标准以及研究的分组方式。
02 查找与遴选
- 03检索:来源与策略步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明信息来源与完整的检索策略。它并不规定使用哪些来源。
- 04研究的遴选步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明如何判定研究符合纳入条件,包括有多少名审查人进行筛选。它并不规定审查人数量。
- 05流程图记录流程图显示检索到的记录数量、纳入的研究数量以及排除的理由。
03 分析
- 06数据收集步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明如何从报告中收集数据以及寻求了哪些数据项。
- 07偏倚风险步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明评估偏倚风险所使用的方法与工具。
- 08综合模型 · 审查团队该指南要求说明效应量指标与综合方法。它并不规定必须进行荟萃分析。
- 09证据的确定性步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明评估确定性所用的方法,并按结局报告结果。它并未指定分级量表。
04 报告
- 10审查报告记录该指南帮助作者报告开展综述的原因、所做的工作以及所得的发现。
报告Outline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.
Where uncertainty in urban analysis comes from, and how it is shown.
| 来源 | Why it matters here | How it is reported |
|---|---|---|
| Built-up extent | Products differ in definition and resolution | Product named, accuracy stated |
| Building inventories | Attributes such as construction type are often inferred | Inferred attributes labelled |
| Urban climate | Heat varies street by street | Resolution of heat products stated |
| Population at night and day | Exposure differs by time of day | Both shown where available |
City-level indicators follow ISO 37120 and 37123 definitions where cities report them.
如何报告不确定性。
- 01
说明假设
每项分析都列出其假设及其所依赖的数据。
- 02
尽可能量化
在报告中心估计值的同时报告区间与置信度。
- 03
验证与比较
模型会对照观测数据进行核查,并在可能时与其他模型进行对照。
- 04
发布限制
分析无法说明的内容与其能够说明的内容并列陈述。
Where this page’s references lead.
阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。
问题与解答。
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