Housing and tenure surveys
Household surveys record housing costs, tenure, crowding and moves, with samples designed to include renters and informal residents.
GCRI · 城市与建成环境
面向城市的社会科学
Social and behavioural science explains how people experience the city: housing choices, travel, tenure, participation and inequality. In this field it supplies surveys, qualitative research and participatory methods that put residents’ experience beside physical data.
02申请
What social and behavioural science does here.
Social and behavioural science studies how individuals, groups and institutions think, act and organise. It explains vulnerability, 风险认知, compliance and collective response to shocks. In cities and built environment, 关键基础设施 and society and human development, social science identifies who is exposed and less able to cope, and why warnings are or are not acted upon. It informs equitable design of policies and interventions across interconnected risks. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Participatory planning research
Workshops and interviews with residents document local priorities and knowledge of hazards for use in plans, with consent and feedback.
Displacement studies
Studies follow households affected by evictions, disasters or redevelopment to understand where they go and how they fare.
03监测
调查分析。
团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面：其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例，数值仅作示意。
调查分析
Cities · Social science for cities · Run R-8630
估计值稳定GCRI · 城市与建成环境
估计值
稳健标准误
| Population in flood zone | −0.19 | 0.13 | [−0.2, 0.7] | 是 |
| Land surface temperature anomaly | −0.06 | 0.11 | [−0.4, 0.3] | 否 |
| Green and blue cover | 0.00 | 0.06 | [0.1, 0.6] | 是 |
| Housing cost to income | 0.25 | 0.20 | [−0.1, 0.9] | 是 |
方法卡
- 方法
- 社会与行为科学
- 样本
- 9224 obs
- 设计
- 分层、加权
- 标签
- 模型生成
按组别的残差
04数据
该方法使用的输入。
Datasets and records used by social and behavioural science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Household surveys | Housing and tenure | 已报告 |
| Qualitative interviews | Experience and priorities | 已报告 |
| Administrative records | Evictions and moves | 已发布统计 |
05模拟器
在相互依存的网络中的一次级联。
A 危害足迹 会摧毁每一层中位于同处的资产；随后，碎片化、层间依赖和幸存资产的过载使失效扩散开来。3D 视图按深度分开各层。这是带有说明性取值的教学模型，不是预测。
控制措施
- 每个图层的资产
- 18
- 危害足迹
- 占面积的 8%
- 依赖其他图层的资产
- 60%
- 备用容量（容差）
- 30%
读数
- 受危害冲击的资产
- 17%
- 仍在运行的资产
- 44%
- 初始损害的放大
- 3.3 times
- 结算步数
- 3
数字、方法与来源
| 步骤 | 交通运行（%） | 电力运行（%） | 电信运行（%） |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 89 | 83 | 78 |
| 1 | 78 | 61 | 56 |
| 2 | 61 | 50 | 28 |
| 3 | 61 | 50 | 22 |
方法
- 相互依存网络 Buldyrev 等（2010），Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks，Nature 464
- 过载级联 Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66
- 介数负载 Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25
- 多层网络 Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2
- 基础设施相互依赖 Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)
- 不确定性扇形图（参数蒙特卡罗） Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- 单因素敏感性（龙卷风图） Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
数据
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- 主要道路 Natural Earth
- 铁路 Natural Earth
- 海港 Natural Earth
- 机场 Natural Earth
- 城市范围 Natural Earth
- 今晚的夜间灯光、停电（VIIRS 昼夜波段） NASA/NOAA VIIRS（Suomi NPP）· 登记 nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
- 自然事件（NASA EONET） NASA EONET · 登记 nasa.eonet.events
贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
06验证
结果如何核查。
Findings are tested through replication, triangulation of methods and pre-registered designs. Measurement instruments are checked for reliability and validity.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Sampling coverage | Samples are checked for inclusion of renters, informal residents and minorities |
| Ethics review | Research with residents passes ethics review and uses informed consent |
| Feedback to participants | Findings are returned to participating communities |
Behaviour is context dependent and may change under stress. Self-reported data carry recall and social desirability biases.
07方法与证据
How social science for cities is modelled, measured and tested.
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性，以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意，不是研究发现。
系统模型
The couplings between the systems in social science for cities: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
FAIR 指导原则 · GO FAIR 和 FORCE11W3C PROV · 万维网联盟关于一致处理不确定性的指南 · IPCCCEOS 分析就绪数据 · 地球观测卫星委员会
09管理责任
由谁维护该方法。
社会与人类发展 stewards social and behavioural science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
10已关联
本页在整个联合体中通向何处。
11问题
问题与解答。
What are the limits of social and behavioural science in this field?
Behaviour is context dependent and may change under stress. Self-reported data carry recall and social desirability biases.
结果如何核查？
Findings are tested through replication, triangulation of methods and pre-registered designs. Measurement instruments are checked for reliability and validity.
本页面上的数值是真实的吗？
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
该方法还应用于何处？
维持社会运转的 规范方法页面 列出应用该方法的每个平台。
报告贡献
从本页贡献证据。
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
GCRI城市与建成环境全球部门风险与韧性证据简报
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- 报告GCRI查看所有贡献方式贡献类型、各自的评审方式、您获得的署名、许可协议，以及绝不接受的内容。
切勿发送个人数据、敏感基础设施细节或您无权分享的任何内容。贡献在使用前会经过审查；发送贡献不赋予署名权或编辑权，赞助也绝不能换取研究结论。
法律
法律文件。
本网站上的地图、数据和图表仅作为背景和一般信息展示。它们不是建议、预测或预警；信息的局限见免责声明和数据说明。