The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)
Where Health Nexus gets its data, on what terms, with what quality and with which known gaps.
The Health Nexus source register lists the datasets and records the platform draws on, such as WHO pulse surveys on continuity of essential health services, each with its producer, licence and permitted uses, quality and known gaps. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described, and data held by agreement is used under those terms and never republished.
Fig.How a finding is reviewed before it is published. Design, not a record.
Urban demand centres and the hubs that anchor digital and data infrastructure, shown for Kenya as an example geography for this subject.
Who produces the data and how.
Licence, restrictions and permitted uses.
Coverage, resolution, update frequency and known errors.
How the data reached the platform and what was changed.
What is missing and how the gap is handled.
| Source | What it gives | Terms | Used in |
|---|---|---|---|
| WHO HeRAMS | Functionality, accessibility and service availability of facilities in emergencies | By agreement; public summaries | Health system continuity, Healthcare infrastructure |
| AI Incident Database | Documented incidents involving AI systems, health included | Open, attribution | Digital health risk |
| CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue | Vulnerabilities with evidence of active exploitation | Public domain | Digital health risk |
| Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service | Reanalysis and forecasts of aerosols, ozone and wildfire smoke | Free and open, attribution | Environmental health |
| Copernicus Emergency Management Service | Rapid damage and flood mapping after disasters | Free and open, attribution | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Demographic and Health Surveys and UNICEF MICS | Household data by wealth, residence, education and sex | Free with registration, terms per survey | Health equity |
| DHIS2 national health information systems | Routine facility reporting of service volumes, stock and workforce | By agreement with each ministry of health | Health system continuity |
| ECDC Surveillance Atlas and Africa CDC epidemic intelligence reports | Regional surveillance data and weekly event reports | Open, attribution, terms per agency | Infectious threats |
| ENISA threat landscape for the health sector | Analysis of cyber incidents affecting European health organisations | Public report, ENISA terms of use | Digital health risk |
| ERA5 and ERA5-HEAT (Copernicus) | Temperature and thermal stress indices, the universal thermal climate index included | Free and open, attribution | Environmental health |
| FAO EMPRES Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i) | Animal disease events, zoonoses included, compiled from official and other sources | Public, FAO terms of use | One health |
| GEM global seismic hazard map | Seismic hazard for assessing facility exposure | Attribution, non-commercial, share-alike (CC BY-NC-SA) | Healthcare infrastructure |
| GISAID | Influenza and coronavirus genomes with sampling metadata | Registered access under the GISAID database access agreement | Infectious threats |
| Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) | Occurrence records for reservoir hosts and vectors | Open, licence per record (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC) | One health |
| Global Data Lab Subnational Human Development Index | Subnational development, education and health indices | Free, attribution, terms of use | Health equity |
| Global Digital Health Monitor | Country digital health maturity across governance, workforce, standards and infrastructure | Open, attribution, terms of use | Digital health risk |
| Global Fund Price and Quality Reporting | Transaction-level procurement of health products by grant recipients | Public, Global Fund terms of use | Health supply chains |
| Global.health | De-identified case line lists for selected outbreaks | Open, attribution (CC BY 4.0) | Infectious threats |
| Hansen Global Forest Change | Annual forest loss and gain mapped from Landsat | Free and open, attribution (CC BY 4.0) | One health |
| Healthsites.io | Open map of health facilities built on OpenStreetMap | Open Database Licence (ODbL) | Healthcare infrastructure |
| IHME Global Burden of Disease | Modelled burden attributable to environmental risk factors | Free for non-commercial use, attribution | Environmental health |
| INSDC sequence archives (GenBank, ENA, DDBJ) | Pathogen genomes from human, animal and environmental samples | Free and unrestricted access | One health |
| INSDC sequence archives and Nextstrain | Open pathogen sequences and phylogenetic analyses | Free and unrestricted; open, attribution | Infectious threats |
| JRC global river flood hazard maps | River flood extent and depth by return period | Free and open, attribution | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Lancet Countdown on health and climate change | Indicators of heat exposure, health impacts and adaptation | Published report and data, terms per indicator | Environmental health |
| Malaria Atlas Project accessibility surfaces | Modelled travel time to health facilities | Free and open, attribution (CC BY 4.0) | Health equity |
| National logistics management information systems | Stock, consumption and orders by facility, for example in DHIS2 or OpenLMIS | By agreement with each ministry of health | Health supply chains |
| National master facility lists | Authoritative facility identifiers, locations and service types | By agreement; some published as open data | Healthcare infrastructure |
| National medicines regulators' shortage registers | Active and resolved shortage notices by product | Public records, terms per regulator | Health supply chains |
| OpenAQ | Harmonised real-time and historical air quality measurements | Open; licence per contributing source | Environmental health |
| ProMED and HealthMap | Event-based signals from media, professional networks and informal reports | Terms per service | Infectious threats |
| UN Comtrade | International trade flows in pharmaceutical products and medical devices by commodity code | Free access with registration, terms of use | Health supply chains |
| UNICEF Supply Division market notes | Supply and demand outlooks for vaccines and essential supplies | Public reports, UNICEF terms of use | Health supply chains |
| US FDA MAUDE and the list of AI-enabled medical devices | Device adverse event reports and authorised AI-enabled devices | Public domain | Digital health risk |
| US HHS Office for Civil Rights breach portal | Public records of reported breaches of protected health information | Public records | Digital health risk |
| WHO Ambient Air Quality Database | Annual mean particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide from city monitors | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | Environmental health |
| WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme | Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene service levels | Free and open, attribution | Environmental health |
| WHO Disease Outbreak News | Official public reports on acute public health events | Public records, WHO terms of use | Infectious threats |
| WHO GISRS: FluNet and FluID | Virological and epidemiological influenza surveillance from national influenza centres | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | Infectious threats |
| WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) | National resistance and use data in human health | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | One health |
| WHO Global Health Expenditure Database | Health spending by source of financing and function | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | Health system continuity |
| WHO Health Inequality Data Repository | Health indicators disaggregated by dimensions of inequality | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | Health equity |
| WHO medical product alerts | Public alerts on substandard and falsified medical products | Public records, WHO terms of use | Health supply chains |
| WHO National Health Workforce Accounts | Health workforce stock, distribution and flows by cadre | Open, attribution, WHO terms of use | Health system continuity |
| WHO Prequalification lists | Prequalified medicines, vaccines, diagnostics and immunisation devices with their manufacturers | Public records, WHO terms of use | Health supply chains |
| WHO pulse surveys on continuity of essential health services | National reports of service disruption, its causes and mitigation across tracer services | Published records, WHO terms of use | Health system continuity |
| WHO SARA and DHS Service Provision Assessment surveys | Facility readiness: power, water, equipment, staff, diagnostics and medicines | Terms per survey programme | Health system continuity |
| WHO Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care | Attacks on facilities, transport, personnel and patients in emergencies | Public dashboard, WHO terms of use | Healthcare infrastructure |
| WOAH ANIMUSE | Antimicrobial use in animals reported by national authorities | Public summaries, WOAH terms of use | One health |
| WOAH World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) | Official notifications of animal disease events and six-monthly status reports | Public, WOAH terms of use | One health |
| World Bank Health Equity and Financial Protection Indicators | Service coverage and financial protection by wealth quintile | Free and open, attribution (CC BY 4.0) | Health equity |
| WorldPop | Gridded population by age and sex | Free and open, attribution (CC BY 4.0) | Health equity |
Personal health data are never used on public pages; analysis rests on aggregated, lawfully shared data.
Sources are added to the register as they are reviewed. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described.
Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Provenance | Information about the entities, activities and people involved in producing a record, used to judge its quality and reliability, in the W3C PROV model. |
| FAIR principles | Guiding principles that make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable by people and machines. |
| Open licence | A licence that allows anyone to access, reuse and redistribute data, sometimes with attribution. |
| Data lineage | The traceable path of data from its origin through each transformation to its current form. |
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.