Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

13 min read0 figures7 tables37 notesNR-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1MENA’s risk is carried by power, water and one export route
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Hot season with peak desalination load and a disrupted export route
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Regional source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading: MENA by member country
    4. B.4 Atlas card: Gulf coast and Strait of Hormuz
    5. B.5 MENA system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Saudi population35.3million2024Reported2
Emirati population11.3million2024Reported3
Saudi population, World Bank series37.0million2025Reported1
Emirati population, World Bank series11.5million2025Reported1
Combined members’ population48.5million2025Estimated1
Saudi emissions excluding land use838.9Mt CO₂e2024Reported5
Emirati emissions excluding land use264.1Mt CO₂e2024Reported5
Saudi share of members’ emissions76.1%2024Estimated5
Saudi fossil share of electricity98.5%2024Reported7
Emirati fossil share of electricity70.1%2024Reported7
Saudi renewable capacity12,332MW2025Reported9
Emirati renewable capacity added1,054MW2025Reported10
Saudi renewable freshwater per person74.6m³2022Reported11
Emirati renewable freshwater per person14.9m³2022Reported11
Saudi desalinated share of distributed water50%2023Reported14
Real GDP change, 2026, both membersNot bound%n/aNOT BOUND35
Emirati desalination share of supplyNot bound%n/aNOT BOUND53
Groundwater storage changeNot boundkm³n/aNOT BOUND51
Damage to energy and water assets, 2026Not boundUS$n/aNOT BOUND34
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Regional source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3Regional source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Population1234international and national statisticsmembers2024–2025annualprofile
Emissions56international statisticsmembers2024annualCLI
Electricity782737international statisticsmembers2021–2024annualENE
Renewable capacity91043agency and pressmembers2025annualENE
Water1112131415international and national statisticsmembers2022–2024annualWAT
Food and land161718international statisticsmembers2023–2025annualFOO
Climate and health192021agency assessment and pressmembers and Asia2023–2024annualCLI, HLT
Economy and projections, post-close, context only293031323334IMF and World Bankmembers and Gulf2025–2027half-yearlyFIN
Events3536press reportsGulf2026one-offTRD, INF
Reference group38international statisticsMENAAP aggregate2021–2025annualreference

B.3Regional reading: MENA by member country

Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 2 member countries named in the series registry.

Selected indicators235

35.3million

Saudi Arabia, 2024

11.3million

United Arab Emirates, 2024

838.9Mt CO₂e

Saudi emissions, 2024

264.1Mt CO₂e

Emirati emissions, 2024

Table B.4Regional reading: MENA by member country
MemberPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Saudi Arabiaheat during the 2024 Hajj19; export route loss in 202635health, energy, financepopulation 35.3 million; emissions 838.9 Mt; fossil electricity 98.5%257
United Arab Emiratesrecord rain in 202420; Fujairah fire in March 202636infrastructure, energy, financepopulation 11.3 million; emissions 264.1 Mt; fossil electricity 70.1%357

B.4Atlas card: Gulf coast and Strait of Hormuz

  • coast and strait
  • shared export and desalination corridor
  • power, water and trade
  • members: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates
Systems in view
water, energy and trade
Defining instruments
no treaty read at baseline
Couplings
TRD → ENE → FIN; ENE → WAT
Capability evidence
a Gulf grid interconnection authority is listed52; performance not bound
Gaps
transit volumes, bypass throughput, desalination output and asset damage
Agenda items
A-02

About one fifth of world oil and LNG passes the Strait of Hormuz, and about 150 ships were stranded in early March 2026 [35]. Current transit volumes are not bound.

TRADE

One narrow strait

Source: Saudi Water Authority and emirate utilities. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.

WATER

Desalination on the coast

A fire broke out at the Fujairah hub on 3 March 2026 from falling drone debris [36]. Damage assessments are not bound.

ENERGY

Energy hubs

B.5MENA system card

The card through which MENA appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5MENA system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Waterrenewable freshwater 74.6 and 14.9 m³ per resident11desalination and stored groundwaterPARTIAL
Energyfossil 98.5% and 70.1% of electricity7asset damage; export routePARTIAL
Foodfood 12.3% of Saudi imports16port and price shocksTHIN
Health1,301 Hajj deaths reported19heat load on servicesTHIN
Biodiversityno series readcondition not boundTHIN

Context

Archetype
two fuel-exporting members sharing a coast, an export route and a hot climate
Population
35.3 million in Saudi Arabia and 11.3 million in the United Arab Emirates, 202423
Trade
fuel 78.7% of Saudi merchandise exports in 202522
Hazard
heat, and a strait declared closed in March 20261935

The member editions (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.

MEMBER EDITIONS

Same findings, same IDs

MENA evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Regional evidence, sector reports

In the global edition MENA is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site19 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-REG-MEN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 2Gulf Labour Markets, Migration and Population Programme (ed.), Saudi Arabia: Population by nationality (Saudi, non-Saudi), sex and age group, 2024 (table compiled from General Authority for Statistics data; total 35,300,280). GLMM, Gulf Research Center. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 3Gulf Labour Markets, Migration and Population Programme (ed.), UAE: Total population residing in the UAE, by sex, 2000 to 2024 (table compiled from Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre data; total 11,294,243). GLMM, Gulf Research Center. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 1DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 5DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 7DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources, oil sources and natural gas sources, % of total (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.PETR.ZS, EG.ELC.NGAS.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 9Zawya Projects (ed.), Saudi Arabia renewables capacity jumps 87% to 12.3GW in 2025 (press report on IRENA capacity statistics; 12,332 MW). Zawya, Dubai. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 10Zawya Projects (ed.), Saudi leads GCC renewables growth as Oman, Qatar post fastest gains in 2025 (press report on IRENA data; United Arab Emirates addition of 1,054 MW read from the subheading, the rest of the page was behind a sign-up wall). Zawya, Dubai. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 11DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 14Arab News Pakistan (ed.), Saudi Arabia boosts desalinated water supply to 50% in Vision 2030 push (press report of the General Authority for Statistics water accounts, 5 January 2025; desalinated water 50% of distributed supply in 2023, 44% in 2022). Arab News. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 35Al Jazeera (ed.), Shutdown of Hormuz Strait raises fears of soaring oil prices (report, 3 March 2026; about one fifth of oil and LNG; Revolutionary Guard commander declared the strait closed; about 150 ships stranded). Al Jazeera Media Network, Doha. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 53UNVERIFIED, not opened: Saudi Water Authority (ed.), annual statistics on desalination production (not read; the earlier corporation name was used in search results). SWA, Riyadh. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 51UNVERIFIED, not opened: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), AQUASTAT global water information system, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates country data (not read). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 34POST-CLOSE, context only: International Monetary Fund (ed.), Managing Director’s remarks at the meeting of the Ministers of Finance and Central Bank Governors of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 1 October 2026 (GCC economy expected to contract in 2026; near closure of Hormuz sharply curtailed oil and gas exports; damage to energy facilities reduced production capacity). IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 4DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Population growth, annual % (SP.POP.GROW), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 6DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Carbon dioxide emissions excluding LULUCF, total and per capita (EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5 and EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 8DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), and renewable energy consumption, % of final energy (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  17. 27DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita, electric power consumption, kWh per capita, and net energy imports, % of energy use (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  18. 37DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Access to electricity, % of population, and mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene, per 100,000 (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, SH.STA.WASH.P5), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  19. 43UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (the page returned access refused; Saudi and Emirati figures taken from press reports [9] [10]). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  20. 12DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  21. 13DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector: agriculture, domestic and industry, % of total (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, ER.H2O.FWDM.ZS, ER.H2O.FWIN.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  22. 15DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), People using at least basic drinking water services and safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.BASW.ZS, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  23. 16DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Food imports, % of merchandise imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN), Saudi Arabia (2025) and United Arab Emirates (2023), World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  24. 17DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Arable land, % of land area (AG.LND.ARBL.ZS), and agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, % of GDP (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  25. 18DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Food production index, 2014 to 2016 = 100 (AG.PRD.FOOD.XD), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  26. 19Gulf News (ed.), Hajj 2024: Saudi Arabia says 1,301 deaths, mostly unregistered pilgrims (report of the Saudi Minister of Health announcement and the Saudi Press Agency, 23 June 2024; 83% unauthorised; no cause breakdown on the page). Gulf News, Dubai. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  27. 20World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Rising temperatures and extreme weather hit Asia hard (press release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2024, 23 June 2025; 1.04 °C above 1991 to 2020; 259.5 mm in 24 hours in the United Arab Emirates). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  28. 21DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, micrograms per cubic metre (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  29. 29DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), Real GDP growth, annual percent change (NGDP_RPCH), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026, DataMapper interface. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  30. 30DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), Inflation rate, average consumer prices (PCPIPCH), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026, DataMapper interface. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  31. 31DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), General government net lending and borrowing, and gross debt, % of GDP (GGXCNL_NGDP, GGXWDG_NGDP), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026, DataMapper interface. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  32. 32DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), Current account balance, % of GDP (BCA_NGDPD), Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026, DataMapper interface. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  33. 33POST-CLOSE, context only: World Bank (ed.), Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan Economic Update, October 2026 (page opened; regional output minus 2.1% in 2026 after 3.3% in 2025; GCC minus 4.3% in 2026; press release dated 6 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  34. 36Oman Observer (ed.), How the war is choking off the world’s oil and gas (report, 5 March 2026, citing a New York Times analysis of Kpler data; fire at the Fujairah energy hub from falling drone debris; Qatar halted LNG output). Oman Observer, Muscat. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  35. 38DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Aggregate for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan (code MEA in the interface), population, GDP, emissions, water, food and electricity indicators, World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08 (reference group only; includes countries outside the member set). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  36. 52UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (ed.), GCC power grid interconnection (listed from memory; capacity and flows not read). GCCIA, Dammam. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  37. 22DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Fuel exports, % of merchandise exports (TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN), and exports of goods and services, % of GDP (NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS), Saudi Arabia (2025) and United Arab Emirates (2023), World Development Indicators database, last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In MENA Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of MENA’s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-MEN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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