Reports · GCRI · Country profile
Singapore 2026
新加坡
Singapore (Republic of Singapore) enters 2027 as a city-state of 6.11 million people and about US$604 billion of output in 2025, growing 5.0% that year. Net greenhouse-gas emissions reported to the UNFCCC were 58.59 Mt CO₂e in 2022, and the government projects a peak near 61.9 Mt around 2028 before a 2030 level of about 60 Mt.
- 发现
- 12
- each with its status and source
- Sectors with findings
- 5 of 6
- Infrastructure not assessed
- Risk objects
- 4
- order carries no rank
- 来源
- 59
- Evidence close 30 September 2026
01 · Readings
Singapore in six readings.
Six readings that frame the Singapore baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.
02 · Sectors
Six sectors, one hexagon.
Water first, then Energy, Infrastructure, Food, Health and Biodiversity. Each count is the findings of this edition in that sector: coverage of the evidence, never a score. Infrastructure is not assessed: the edition holds no Infrastructure finding and its coupling matrix does not assess it.
- WAT水1 finding
106 m³ Renewable internal freshwater resources per person, 2022. □报告值
Four national taps; use about 440 million gallons a day; storage and flood series not bound.
- ENE能源2 findings
93.1% Natural gas share of electricity generation, 2025. □报告值
Natural gas 93.1% of electricity in 2025; over 90% from imported gas.
- INF基础设施not assessed
Drainage, coast, port and grid condition not bound at public-safe resolution.
- FOO食品2 findings
25% Local farms’ share of protein consumption (eggs and seafood), 2025. □报告值
Local farms 8% of fibre and 25% of protein; food from over 180 countries and regions.
- HLT卫生2 findings
3,990 cases Dengue cases in 2025, to 26 December, 2025. □报告值
Population 14.2% aged 65 or over; dengue 3,990 cases in 2025; heat series not bound.
- BIO生物多样性1 finding
4.6% Land in terrestrial protected areas, 2025. □报告值
Forest 21.8% of land; protected land 4.6%; nature extent not bound.
Outside the six sectors: Climate forcing 3, Systemic 1.
03 · Hazard exposure
The hazards this edition reads.
The edition’s own risk objects, in its order, each read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and horizon. The hexagon marks the sectors the cascade reaches; the domain beside each is an editorial reading of its hazard words.
RSK-SGP-ENE-001
Imported fuel interruption and price shock
□报告值EQL 4
- 驱动因素
- disruption to gas or oil flows; price spike
- 风险暴露
- power, petrochemicals, desalination, cold chains
- 能力
- import capacity 300 MW; reserve margins not bound [9]
- 级联
- ENE → WAT, FOO, HLT, FIN
- 地平线
- 1–5 years
No domain reading
RSK-SGP-CLI-002
Heat, heavy rain and sea-level rise
□报告值EQL 4
RSK-SGP-FOO-003
Import dependence for food
□报告值EQL 4
- 驱动因素
- trade disruption; harvest failure abroad
- 风险暴露
- households and food service
- 脆弱性
- local share 8% of fibre and 25% of protein [27]
- 能力
- stockpile levels not bound
- 级联
- TRD → FOO → HLT, FIN
- 地平线
- 1–5 years
No domain reading
RSK-SGP-WAT-004
Water demand growth against weather-linked supply
□报告值EQL 3
- 驱动因素
- demand nearly doubling by 2065; dry spells
- 风险暴露
- households, industry, data services
- 脆弱性
- reservoir storage not bound [52]
- 能力
- NEWater and desalination are weather-resilient sources [24]
- 级联
- WAT → HLT, ENE
- 地平线
- 5–30 years
No domain reading
Scenario · SCN-SGP-ENE-01
Imported-fuel interruption during a heat-stress period
Under this scenario, results describe a conditional season under stated assumptions. It is not a forecast, and no intervention described here has been carried out.
2 of 12 findings name a hazard in their text. Show them
- 1TRD → ENEimported gas and fuel supply tightens
- 2ENE → WATpower constraints reach desalination, NEWater and pumping
- 3ENE → FOOcold chains and logistics lose power margin
- 4CLI → HLTheat stress raises cooling demand and demand for care
- 5ENE → DATdata services and their cooling compete for power
- 6ENE → FINthe energy price shock reaches inflation and fiscal support
04 · Couplings
How the sectors carry risk into each other.
The Singapore matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core 系统. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.
| 从 | WAT | ENE | FOO | HLT | BIO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAT | · | 中等 | Weak | 中等 | 中等 |
| ENE | Strong | · | Strong | Strong | Weak |
| FOO | Weak | Weak | · | 中等 | Weak |
| HLT | Weak | Weak | Weak | · | Weak |
| BIO | 中等 | Weak | Weak | 中等 | · |
Water: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Energy: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Food: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Health: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Biodiversity: 4 couplings out, 4 in. Infrastructure is not in the coupling matrix: none of the edition matrices types it, so it carries no value.
Cascade paths, in the edition’s order
- TRD → ENE → WATan import interruption tightens gas supply, then constrains desalination and NEWater◎Expert input
- ENE → FOOpower loss interrupts cold chains for food that arrives by sea and air◎Expert input
- CLI → HLTheat stress and rain-driven vector seasons raise demand on care□报告值
- CLI → INF → FINsea level, 风暴潮 and tide reach coastal assets and public budgets□报告值
- ENE → DATpower constraints reach data and communications services, a sub-sector that used 6,609 GWh in 2025◎Expert input
05 · Findings
Every finding of Singapore.
Search, filter by sector, system or status, and sort. The address bar keeps the view, so a filtered list can be shared. Every row opens the finding at its source.
All 12 findings
| ID | 版本 | Sector or system | 状态 | Statement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLI-001 | 新加坡 | CLI Climate forcing | □ 报告值 | Net greenhouse-gas emissions reported to the UNFCCC were 58.59 Mt CO₂e in 2022, up from 58.29 Mt CO₂e in 2021 and 53.87 Mt CO₂e in 2020; the government projects a peak near 61.9 Mt around 2028. |
| CLI-002 | 新加坡 | CLI Climate forcing | □ 报告值 | Singapore’s second NDC sets 45 to 50 Mt CO₂e for 2035, conditional on technological maturity and international cooperation; Climate Action Tracker rates the effort highly insufficient in an assessment last updated 28 August 2024. |
| ENE-003 | 新加坡 | ENE 能源 | □ 报告值 | Natural gas supplied 93.1% of electricity in 2025 and solar 2.7%; solar supplied 4.2% in the first half of 2026. |
| ENE-004 | 新加坡 | ENE 能源 | □ 报告值 | Over 90% of electricity is generated from imported natural gas; net oil and gas imports are about 7% of GDP; 39% of petroleum oil imports and 26% of gas imports in 2025 came from countries bordering the Strait of Hormuz. |
| FOO-005 | 新加坡 | FOO 食品 | □ 报告值 | Local farms supplied about 8% of fibre and 25% of protein consumption in 2025, against 2035 targets of 20% and 30%. |
| FOO-006 | 新加坡 | FOO 食品 | □ 报告值 | Singapore sourced food from over 180 countries and regions in 2025. |
| CLI-007 | 新加坡 | CLI Climate forcing | □ 报告值 | The 2025 annual mean temperature was 28.1 °C, with 29 days of high heat stress and a record-wet March; sea level may rise by up to 1.15 m by 2100 and, with 风暴潮 and tide, reach up to 5 m above today’s mean. |
| HLT-008 | 新加坡 | HLT 卫生 | □ 报告值 | People aged 65 or over were 14.2% of the population in 2025, and total fertility was 0.97 births per woman in 2024. |
| HLT-009 | 新加坡 | HLT 卫生 | □ 报告值 | Singapore recorded 3,990 dengue cases in 2025, to 26 December. |
| BIO-010 | 新加坡 | BIO 生物多样性 | □ 报告值 | Forest covered 21.8% of land in 2024 and terrestrial protected areas 4.6% in 2025, against a global target of 30% by 2030. |
| WAT-011 | 新加坡 | WAT 水 | □ 报告值 | Singapore uses about 440 million gallons of water a day, expected to almost double by 2065, and holds 106 m³ of renewable internal freshwater per person. |
| SYS-012 | 新加坡 | SYS 系统性 | ◎ Expert input | The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is an interruption to imported fuel during a heat-stress period that strains power, desalination, cold chains and data services together. |
06 · Editions and calendar
The desks’ editions for Singapore.
| 办事处 | 版本 | 状态 | 标识符 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GCRI Systems Evidence | Singapore 2026 | Drafted, in stewardship review | NR-COUNTRY-SGP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 |
| GRF Public Deliberation | Public Deliberation: Singapore 2026 | 筹备中 | |
| GRA Capital Readiness | Capital Readiness: Singapore 2026 | 筹备中 | |
| Standards Progress | No edition in the 2026 Baseline cycle | Not in this cycle | |
| Academy Capability | No edition in the 2026 Baseline cycle | Not in this cycle | |
| Index Measurement | Measurement: Singapore 2026 | 筹备中 |
Calendar · 2026 Baseline
- 01Call opensset by the editor
- 02Contribution closeset by the editor
- 03证据截止30 September 2026
- 04Desk review and releaseset by the editor
- 05Collection compilationset by the editor
- 06Collection releaseset by the editor
- 07更正after release, as needed
Evidence cut NQ-SGP-2026-Q0-1. Next cycles: Q1 2027, Q2 2027, Q3 2027, Q4 2027; their dates are set by the editor.
07 · Take part
Read it, improve it, cite it.
- 阅读The edition, chapter by chapter, with every source.
- 贡献Send evidence, a source or a method before the next cut.
- 审核Join the stewardship review of this edition.
- CiteAPA, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS and the house style, as a draft.
- PDFThe signed PDF is issued at release; print the complete edition today.
更正记录
| 版本 | 日期 | 状态 | 变化 | 通知 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NR-COUNTRY-SGP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 | October 2026 | DRAFT | Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition, | 无 |
Data gaps3What the repository does not hold yet, and the source proposed for each
| 差距 | Shown here as | Proposed source |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure values per hazard (people, assets, hectares) | the edition’s own risk objects, without values | the Index country profile once the Index releases values, risksindex.com/sgp/ |
| The NHS-1 hazard types and their assignment to this edition’s risk objects | an editorial reading of the hazard words | the NHS-1 type assignment through the Registry |
| Infrastructure in the coupling matrix | Infrastructure marked not assessed | an Infrastructure row and column in the edition matrix at the next cut |
Send evidence or a correction on Singapore.
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