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GCRI · Tecnologías cuánticas

Industrias cuánticas

Quantum technology is moving from laboratories into firms that build hardware, software, components and services, supported by large public and private investment. Revenues are small relative to expectations, many products are prototypes, and supply chains for specialised components are thin. This page sets out how quantum industries are developing, how their activity is measured without hype, and what evidence serves investors, governments and buyers.

01Lienzo

Cómo se desarrolla el trabajo.

sistemas · en torno a este temaIlustrativo

Seguimiento de la migración poscuántica

Quantum industries · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

Datos de larga vida en riesgoGCRI · Tecnologías cuánticas

Migración

  1. Inventariotoda la criptografía
  2. Priorizarvida útil de los datos
  3. Seleccionaralgoritmos estándar
  4. Despliegue híbridoclásica y PQC
  5. Probarinteroperabilidad
  6. Puesta en producciónretirar

Sistemas por prioridad

Firma de archivosRSA-204828ML-DSA híbridoPiloto
Pasarela VPNECDH10ML-KEM híbridoPrevisto
HSM de pagosRSA-307210Hoja de ruta del proveedorBloqueado
TLS webECDHE3Intercambio de claves híbridoHecho

Progreso

Inventariados, %84 of 100 requiredHíbrido implantado, %35 of 50 requiredRetirados, %5 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum industries.Nombres de ejemplo y valores ilustrativos; un diseño, no un registro ni un sistema en vivo.

Fig.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02La pregunta

Quantum industries: how the risk develops.

Potential supply chains and applications. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Investment precedes revenue

Public programmes and venture capital fund firms years before products earn significant revenue. Expectations can run ahead of technical progress.

Mecanismo

Enablers form a supply chain

Cryogenics, lasers, control electronics and photonic components are supplied by specialised firms, often few per component.

Mecanismo

Cloud access shapes the market

Most users access quantum hardware through cloud services, which lets them experiment without owning machines.

Mecanismo

Policy drives location

National strategies, procurement and export controls shape where firms locate and who they can sell to.

03Métodos y evidencia

How quantum industries is modelled, measured and tested.

El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in quantum industries: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+CuánticaCiberComunidadesEconomíaR de refuerzoB equilibrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principios rectores FAIR · GO FAIR y FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientación para un tratamiento coherente de las incertidumbres · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comité sobre Satélites de Observación de la Tierra
04En todos los dominios

Quantum industries are early, and claims outrun evidence.

05Indicadores

Qué se mide y con qué calidad.

Cada indicador lleva su unidad, su periodicidad, el tipo de fuente que lo respalda y la etiqueta de evidencia que llevaría un valor. No se muestran valores: un programa los aporta bajo su propia autoridad.

IndicadorUnidadCadenciaTipo de fuenteEtiqueta
Public funding announced for quantumcurrency unitsanualGovernment announcementsDECLARADO
Private investment in quantum firmscurrency unitsanualInvestment databasesNOTIFICADO
Quantum firms by segmentrecuentoanualIndustry surveysNOTIFICADO
Quantum patents filedrecuentoanualPatent databasesOBSERVADO
Quantum hardware accessible via cloudcount of sistemasanualProvider documentationDECLARADO
Revenue of quantum firmscurrency unitsanualCompany reportsNOTIFICADO
06Fuentes

De dónde procede la evidencia.

Conjuntos de datos públicos y registros institucionales identificados, cada uno con su tipo de licencia. Las fuentes obtenidas por acuerdo solo se utilizan conforme a sus condiciones y nunca se republican.

FuenteLo que aportaTipo de licencia
OECD quantum technologies policy primer and related workPolicy, investment and industry overviewPublic, OECD terms
Patent data from WIPO PATENTSCOPE and EPO EspacenetPatent filings by technology and applicantFree access, terms per office
Company filings of listed quantum firmsRevenue and risk disclosuresRegistros públicos
Government quantum strategy documentsAnnounced public fundingPublic records, licence per government
Industry market reportsFirm counts and investmentCommercial; public summaries (to check)
07Decisiones

Quién decide y a qué sirve la evidencia.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quién decideLa preguntaEvidencia a la que sirve esta página
Governments and economic agenciesWhich parts of the quantum industry to supportIndustry maps; supply chain analyses
InvestorsHow to read industry claims and progressRevenue and technical evidence
Buyers of quantum servicesWhich services are mature enough to useCloud access and benchmark evidence

Productos que genera este tema

  • Industry maps by segment and component
  • Investment and revenue tracking with sources stated
  • Supply chain dependency analyses
  • Evidence notes separating announced from spent funding
08Cuestiones centrales

Lo que se preguntan los expertos.

Industry questions separate near-term reality from long-term potential.

  • Which applications are commercially real today, and which depend on future fault-tolerant machines?
  • Where are critical components made, and how concentrated is supply?
  • How dependent is the industry on public funding and on a few large technology firms?
  • What happens to firms, investors and regions if expectations are not met on schedule?
  • How do export controls and research security rules shape markets?
09Mecanismos

Mecanismos y factores impulsores.

Quantum sensing and timing already have markets. Quantum computing is mainly sold as cloud access for research and exploration, and quantum key distribution serves niche uses. Many larger applications depend on capabilities that do not yet exist, so valuations rest heavily on expectation, which makes the industry sensitive to shifts in sentiment.

Supply chains rely on specialised inputs: dilution refrigerators, lasers, photonic chips, isotopically enriched materials and control electronics, often from few suppliers. Governments treat quantum as strategic, investing heavily and restricting exports of some equipment, which shapes where firms locate and who can access technology.

10Métodos y datos

Cómo se estudia y dónde terminan los métodos.

Método o datosLo que muestraLímites
Supply-chain mappingConcentration and single points of failureFirm-level data is often confidential
Investment and funding dataScale and direction of capitalAnnouncements may not reflect committed funds
Technology readiness assessmentHow mature an application isReadiness scales are subjective
Case studies of adoptionHow organisations actually use quantum servicesFew cases, often reported by vendors
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Los organismos y documentos con los que se lee esta página. El estado y las ediciones cambian; cada enlace lleva al organismo emisor.

13Preguntas

Preguntas y respuestas.

How big is the quantum industry?
Estimates vary widely between sources and definitions. Revenues remain small compared with investment, and most firms are still developing products.
What are quantum enabling technologies?
Components such as cryogenic systems, lasers, control electronics and photonic chips that quantum devices need, often supplied by specialised firms.
Can organisations use quantum computers today?
Many hardware systems are available through cloud services for experimentation, though practical advantage for real problems has not been established.
Is the quantum industry a bubble?
The platform does not make market calls. It publishes evidence on technical maturity so that readers can compare claims with demonstrated results.
Which quantum products are on the market today?
Atomic clocks and some quantum sensors, quantum random number generators, quantum key distribution systems and cloud access to quantum computers for research and experimentation.
Does the platform give investment advice?
No. GCRI does not give investment, procurement or legal advice and does not endorse firms or products.
serie ReportsContribuir

Aporte evidencia desde esta página.

serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologías cuánticasTecnología exponencialPerspectiva prospectiva
Tecnologías cuánticas

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