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GCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Indústrias quânticas

Quantum technology is moving from laboratories into firms that build hardware, software, components and services, supported by large public and private investment. Revenues are small relative to expectations, many products are prototypes, and supply chains for specialised components are thin. This page sets out how quantum industries are developing, how their activity is measured without hype, and what evidence serves investors, governments and buyers.

01Canvas

Como decorre o trabalho.

sistemas · em torno deste temaIlustrativo

Acompanhamento da migração pós-quântica

Quantum industries · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

Dados de longa duração em riscoGCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Migração

  1. Inventáriotoda a criptografia
  2. Priorizarvida útil dos dados
  3. Selecionaralgoritmos padrão
  4. Implantação híbridaclássica e PQC
  5. Testarinteroperabilidade
  6. Migrardesativar

Sistemas por prioridade

Assinatura de arquivosRSA-204828ML-DSA híbridoEm piloto
Gateway VPNECDH10ML-KEM híbridoPlanejado
HSM de pagamentosRSA-307210Roteiro do fornecedorBloqueado
TLS webECDHE3Troca de chaves híbridaConcluído

Progresso

Inventariados, %84 of 100 requiredHíbrido implementado, %35 of 50 requiredRetirados, %5 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum industries.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.

Fig.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02A pergunta

Quantum industries: how the risk develops.

Potential supply chains and applications. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Investment precedes revenue

Public programmes and venture capital fund firms years before products earn significant revenue. Expectations can run ahead of technical progress.

Mecanismo

Enablers form a supply chain

Cryogenics, lasers, control electronics and photonic components are supplied by specialised firms, often few per component.

Mecanismo

Cloud access shapes the market

Most users access quantum hardware through cloud services, which lets them experiment without owning machines.

Mecanismo

Policy drives location

National strategies, procurement and export controls shape where firms locate and who they can sell to.

03Métodos e evidência

How quantum industries is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in quantum industries: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuânticaCibernéticaComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04Em todos os domínios

Quantum industries are early, and claims outrun evidence.

05Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Public funding announced for quantumcurrency unitsanualGovernment announcementsDECLARADO
Private investment in quantum firmscurrency unitsanualInvestment databasesREPORTADO
Quantum firms by segmentcontagemanualIndustry surveysREPORTADO
Quantum patents filedcontagemanualPatent databasesOBSERVADO
Quantum hardware accessible via cloudcount of sistemasanualProvider documentationDECLARADO
Revenue of quantum firmscurrency unitsanualCompany reportsREPORTADO
06Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
OECD quantum technologies policy primer and related workPolicy, investment and industry overviewPublic, OECD terms
Patent data from WIPO PATENTSCOPE and EPO EspacenetPatent filings by technology and applicantFree access, terms per office
Company filings of listed quantum firmsRevenue and risk disclosuresRegistros públicos
Government quantum strategy documentsAnnounced public fundingPublic records, licence per government
Industry market reportsFirm counts and investmentCommercial; public summaries (to check)
07Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Governments and economic agenciesWhich parts of the quantum industry to supportIndustry maps; supply chain analyses
InvestorsHow to read industry claims and progressRevenue and technical evidence
Buyers of quantum servicesWhich services are mature enough to useCloud access and benchmark evidence

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Industry maps by segment and component
  • Investment and revenue tracking with sources stated
  • Supply chain dependency analyses
  • Evidence notes separating announced from spent funding
08Questões centrais

O que os especialistas perguntam.

Industry questions separate near-term reality from long-term potential.

  • Which applications are commercially real today, and which depend on future fault-tolerant machines?
  • Where are critical components made, and how concentrated is supply?
  • How dependent is the industry on public funding and on a few large technology firms?
  • What happens to firms, investors and regions if expectations are not met on schedule?
  • How do export controls and research security rules shape markets?
09Mecanismos

Mecanismos e fatores.

Quantum sensing and timing already have markets. Quantum computing is mainly sold as cloud access for research and exploration, and quantum key distribution serves niche uses. Many larger applications depend on capabilities that do not yet exist, so valuations rest heavily on expectation, which makes the industry sensitive to shifts in sentiment.

Supply chains rely on specialised inputs: dilution refrigerators, lasers, photonic chips, isotopically enriched materials and control electronics, often from few suppliers. Governments treat quantum as strategic, investing heavily and restricting exports of some equipment, which shapes where firms locate and who can access technology.

10Métodos e dados

Como é estudado e onde param os métodos.

Método ou dadosO que mostraLimites
Supply-chain mappingConcentration and single points of failureFirm-level data is often confidential
Investment and funding dataScale and direction of capitalAnnouncements may not reflect committed funds
Technology readiness assessmentHow mature an application isReadiness scales are subjective
Case studies of adoptionHow organisations actually use quantum servicesFew cases, often reported by vendors
11Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

13Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

How big is the quantum industry?
Estimates vary widely between sources and definitions. Revenues remain small compared with investment, and most firms are still developing products.
What are quantum enabling technologies?
Components such as cryogenic systems, lasers, control electronics and photonic chips that quantum devices need, often supplied by specialised firms.
Can organisations use quantum computers today?
Many hardware systems are available through cloud services for experimentation, though practical advantage for real problems has not been established.
Is the quantum industry a bubble?
The platform does not make market calls. It publishes evidence on technical maturity so that readers can compare claims with demonstrated results.
Which quantum products are on the market today?
Atomic clocks and some quantum sensors, quantum random number generators, quantum key distribution systems and cloud access to quantum computers for research and experimentation.
Does the platform give investment advice?
No. GCRI does not give investment, procurement or legal advice and does not endorse firms or products.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologias quânticasTecnologia exponencialPanorama prospectivo
Tecnologias quânticas

Traga um método, um conjunto de dados ou uma pergunta.

A informação e os pedidos estão abertos hoje. Um pedido recebe uma referência e indica o próximo passo; candidaturas, pagamentos, alocações de computação e registros só abrem quando existem a equipa, os termos e a capacidade de revisão.