Skip to content

GCRI · فناوری‌های کوانتومی

مرور کلی حوزه

Quantum science studies how matter and light behave at the smallest scales, where particles exist in superpositions of states, can be entangled with one another and interfere like waves. Quantum technology engineers those effects into devices: computers that process information in qubits, sensors that measure time, gravity and magnetic fields with extraordinary precision, and communication سامانه‌ها whose security rests on physics. This page explains the field, why it matters and how it connects to other risks.

روش‌های STEM
5
روش‌های مرجعی که این حوزه به کار می‌بندد
موضوع‌ها
8
صفحه‌های موضوعی در این حوزه
همتایان
5
سکوها در میدان‌های مشترک در سراسر شبکه
مجموعهٔ گزارش‌ها
2
مجموعه‌گزارش‌های Reports که در آن‌ها مشارکت دارد
01Why it matters

Opportunity and disruption from the same physics.

Quantum technologies could advance chemistry, materials, navigation and Earth observation. They also threaten a foundation of digital trust: the public-key cryptography that secures communications, payments, software updates and identity. Both effects are uncertain in timing, but the cryptographic transition must begin before the threat matures because سامانه‌ها take years to change and some data must stay confidential for decades.

Quantum technology is also strategic: research capacity, specialised components and skilled people are concentrated in a few places, and governments treat the field as a matter of economic and national security. That shapes collaboration, export controls and access.

02پایش

Field overview.

The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.

Field overview: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum technologies.نام‌ها نمونه و مقادیر تبیینی‌اند؛ طرحی است، نه سابقه یا سامانهٔ زنده.
03What experts study

The core questions.

  1. 01

    Computation

    What quantum computers can do, at what scale, with what error rates. See quantum computing and quantum and materials.

  2. 02

    Measurement and communication

    Sensing, timing and quantum-secured links. See quantum sensing and quantum communications.

  3. 03

    Security transition

    Migration to post-quantum cryptography. See رمزنگاری پساکوانتومی.

  4. 04

    Capacity and economy

    Skills, supply chains and applications. See quantum workforce and quantum industries.

  5. 05

    Responsibility

    Dual use, equity and honest communication of uncertainty. See responsible quantum innovation.

04Connections

How quantum touches other systems.

The cryptographic transition affects every digitally dependent sector: finance, energy, health, government and telecommunications. Quantum sensing could change navigation and Earth observation, with consequences for space سامانه‌ها و زیرساخت‌های حیاتی. وابستگی‌ها و پیامدها sets out the links. Counterparts include امنیت سایبری و تاب‌آوری دیجیتال at GCRI, AI and Digital Governance at The Global Risks Forum (GRF) and Financial Cyber and Operational Resilience at The Global Risks Alliance (GRA).

05روش‌ها

What the evidence rests on.

The field relies on فیزیک و علم کوانتومی, quantum technology, cryptography, materials science and chemistry and statistics. Assumptions and limits are set out on روش‌ها و عدم قطعیت.

06صفحه‌ها

Pages in Field overview.

07پرسش‌ها

پرسش و پاسخ.

What is a qubit?
The basic unit of quantum information. Unlike a classical bit, which is either zero or one, a qubit can exist in a superposition of both, and qubits can be entangled so that their states are correlated. Physical qubits are realised in superconducting circuits, trapped ions, neutral atoms, photons and other systems.
Will quantum computers replace classical computers?
No. Quantum computers are expected to help with specific problems, such as simulating quantum systems and certain mathematical tasks. Most computing will remain classical.
Which methods does the field rely on?
Physics and quantum science, quantum technology, cybersecurity and cryptography, materials science and chemistry, and probability and statistics. See صفحهٔ بنیان STEM.
گزارش‌هامشارکت

شواهد را از همین صفحه ارسال کنید.

گزارش‌ها is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIفناوری‌های کوانتومیفناوری نماییچشم‌انداز آینده‌نگری
فناوری‌های کوانتومی

یک روش، یک مجموعه‌داده یا یک پرسش بیاورید.

اطلاعات و درخواست‌ها امروز باز است. هر درخواست یک شمارهٔ پیگیری می‌گیرد و گام بعدی را مشخص می‌کند؛ درخواست‌های عضویت، پرداخت‌ها، تخصیص رایانش و ثبت‌نام‌ها تنها زمانی باز می‌شوند که تیم، شرایط و ظرفیت داوری آن‌ها فراهم باشد.