GCRI · فناوری‌های کوانتومی
نوآوری مسئولانهٔ کوانتومی
Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.
چگونه کار اجرا می‌شود.
ردیاب مهاجرت پساکوانتومی
Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4
مهاجرت
- سیاهههمهٔ رمزنگاری
- اولویت‌بندیعمر داده
- انتخابالگوریتم‌های استاندارد
- استقرار ترکیبیکلاسیک و PQC
- آزمونهم‌کنشی
- گذار نهاییبازنشسته‌سازی
سامانه‌ها بر پایهٔ اولویت
| امضای بایگانی | RSA-2048 | 18 | ML-DSA ترکیبی | آزمایشی |
| دروازهٔ VPN | ECDH | 10 | ML-KEM ترکیبی | برنامه‌ریزی‌شده |
| HSM پرداخت‌ها | RSA-3072 | 9 | نقشهٔ راه فروشنده | مسدود |
| TLS وب | ECDHE | 2 | مبادلهٔ کلید ترکیبی | انجام‌شده |
پیشرفت
شکل.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.
Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.
Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Dual use is built in
Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.
Export controls restrict diffusion
Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.
Capability is concentrated
Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.
Hype misleads decisions
Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.
How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.
مدل، مفروضات، داده‌ها و عدم قطعیت آن، به شکلی که دانشمند یا مهندس بررسی می‌کند. ساختارها از روش‌های منتشرشده پیروی می‌کنند. مقادیر ترسیم‌شده تبیینی‌اند، نه یافته.
مدل سامانه
The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.
- سلامتپیوستگیCryptanalysis risk affects privacy across sectors.What to watchMigration equity between large and small institutions
- انرژیپیوستگیCritical infrastructure needs coordinated migration.What to watchSector migration timelines
- تنوع زیستیپیوستگیEnvironmental footprints of new facilities need assessment.What to watchFootprint disclosure
Governance studies are designed for the مجموعهٔ چشم‌انداز آینده‌نگری. The OECD and standards bodies such as ISO/IEC JTC 3 frame emerging governance.
- Governance frameworks under discussion.
- Stakeholder perspectives with consent.
What is measured, and how well.
Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.
| Indicator | Unit | دورهٔ تکرار | Source type | برچسب |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries with national quantum strategies | count | annual | Government strategy documents | آمارهای منتشرشده |
| Export control measures on quantum items | count | per change | Government notices | آمارهای منتشرشده |
| Share of quantum patents by country | percent | annual | Patent databases | مشاهده‌شده |
| International research collaborations in quantum | count of co-authored papers by country pair | annual | Bibliometric data | مشاهده‌شده |
| Responsible innovation frameworks adopted | count | per assessment | Programme documentation | DECLARED |
| Public engagement activities on quantum | count | annual | Programme reports | گزارش‌شده |
Where the evidence comes from.
Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.
| منبع | What it gives | Licence class |
|---|---|---|
| Government export control lists and notices | Controls on quantum items | Public records, licence per government |
| OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and society | Policy and ethics perspectives | Public, terms per organisation |
| NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205) | Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacks | US government work, public domain |
| Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlex | Collaboration and publication patterns | Open, CC0 |
| Patent databases | Geographic distribution of patenting | Free access, terms per office |
Who decides, and what the evidence serves.
Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| چه کسی تصمیم می‌گیرد | The question | Evidence this page serves |
|---|---|---|
| دولت‌ها | How to balance security controls with open science and collaboration | Governance reviews; export control evidence |
| Research funders | How to assess quantum claims and fund responsibly | Claims assessment guides |
| International organisations | How to support access for countries with little capability | Concentration analyses |
Outputs this topic produces
- Governance landscape reviews for quantum
- Analyses of capability concentration
- Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
- Evidence notes on export control effects on research
What experts ask.
Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.
- Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
- Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
- How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
- How can countries without quantum industries protect their سامانه‌ها during the cryptographic transition?
- What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
Mechanisms and drivers.
Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication سامانه‌ها serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.
Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.
How it is studied, and where the methods stop.
| Method or data | What it shows | محدودیت‌ها |
|---|---|---|
| Technology assessment and foresight | Plausible developments and their implications | Foresight is not prediction |
| Ethical, legal and social analysis | Rights, fairness and accountability questions | Normative judgements differ across societies |
| Stakeholder and public engagement | Concerns and values of those affected | Engagement can be shallow or unrepresentative |
| Life-cycle assessment | Energy and material footprint | Data on emerging سامانه‌ها is limited |
How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.
- 01امنیت سایبری و رمزنگاریCryptographic inventory · Migration prioritisation · QKD implementation reviewApplied here
- 02احتمال و آمارFidelity estimation · Testing advantage claims · Analysing patent and investment dataApplied here
- 03فیزیک و علم کوانتومCharacterising qubit noise · Metrology of quantum clocks · Verifying quantum effectsApplied here
Where this page’s references lead.
نهادها و اسنادی که این صفحه بر پایهٔ آن‌ها خوانده می‌شود. وضعیت و ویراست‌ها تغییر می‌کنند؛ هر پیوند به نهاد صادرکننده می‌رود.
پرسش و پاسخ.
Why is quantum technology dual use?
What is the quantum divide?
How can quantum claims be assessed?
Why is hype a risk?
Should quantum research be restricted?
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
شواهد را از همین صفحه ارسال کنید.
گزارش‌ها is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- ایمیلدرگاه GW-GCRIاز همین صفحه ارسال کنیدشواهد، یک اصلاحیه، یک مورد، یک روش، یک داوری، یک ترجمه یا ورودی نمایه. با برچسب این صفحه میرسد تا ویراستار مسئول آن را دریافت کند.
- Zenodoسپردهٔ بازآن را واگذار کنید و به جامعه ارائه دهیدسابقهٔ خود را با شناسهٔ ORCID خود در Zenodo منتشر کنید و سپس آن را در همانجا به جامعهٔ Reports ارسال کنید. گزینشگران آن را داوری می‌کنند؛ DOI از آنِ شما میماند.
- گزارش‌هاGCRIهمهٔ راههای مشارکت را ببینیدانواع مشارکت، نحوهٔ بررسی هر یک، اعتباری که دریافت میکنید، مجوز و آنچه هرگز پذیرفته نمیشود.
هرگز داده شخصی، جزئیات حساس زیرساخت یا چیزی را که حق اشتراکش را ندارید نفرستید. هر مشارکت پیش از استفاده داوری می‌شود؛ ارسال آن حق مؤلفی یا ویرایشی نمی‌دهد و حمایت مالی هرگز یافته‌ای را نمی‌خرد.
یک روش، یک مجموعه‌داده یا یک پرسش بیاورید.
اطلاعات و درخواست‌ها امروز باز است. هر درخواست یک شمارهٔ پیگیری می‌گیرد و گام بعدی را مشخص می‌کند؛ درخواست‌های عضویت، پرداخت‌ها، تخصیص رایانش و ثبت‌نام‌ها تنها زمانی باز می‌شوند که تیم، شرایط و ظرفیت داوری آن‌ها فراهم باشد.
اسناد حقوقی.
نقشه‌ها، داده‌ها و ارقام این سایت برای زمینه و اطلاعات عمومی نشان داده می‌شوند. توصیه، پیش‌بینی یا هشدار نیستند؛ حدود این اطلاعات در سلب مسئولیت‌ها و اعلامیه‌های داده بیان شده است.