GCRI · 空间与地球观测
方法与不确定性
The methods Space and Earth Observation relies on: their equations and assumptions, the data they need, how they are validated and the limits of what they can show.
Methods and uncertainty in five parts.
使用中的方法。
Each method, its role in this field and how it is checked.
- 地球观测Role hereEarth observation and remote sensing is the technology this platform stewards for the network.Checks appliedAccuracy with intervals; Sensor consistency; Independent reference
- 空间系统Role hereSpace systems and satellite services is the second technology this platform stewards.Checks appliedStatus verification; Guideline mapping; Scenario coverage
- GeospatialRole hereGeospatial information systems manage location data and combine Earth observation with maps of people, assets and boundaries.Checks appliedBoundary version control; Standards validation; Positional checks
- 空间统计Role hereSpatial statistics give Earth observation its quantitative rigour: sampling designs for accuracy assessment, unbiased area estimation, spatial interpolation and models that combine satellite data with ground observations, each reported with its uncertainty.Checks appliedDesign-based inference; Interval reporting; Spatial cross-validation
- ComputingRole hereHigh-performance and cloud computing let Earth observation scale from single images to petabyte archives.Checks appliedVersion recording; Regeneration test; Cost accounting
- 通信Role hereCommunications technology links satellites to ground and users to services.Checks appliedLatency measurement; Interference flagging; User access testing
- 物理学Role herePhysics explains how satellite sensors measure the Earth: radiative transfer through the atmosphere, microwave scattering, thermal emission and orbital mechanics.Checks appliedModel intercomparison; Uncertainty propagation; Calibration site checks
流程如何运行。
Process explorer · Process
Methods and uncertainty: Source to evidence record
10 steps·4 个阶段·2 道关口
流程
Methods and uncertainty: Source to evidence record
A source is registered and assessed, its record labelled and classified, and a Digital Evidence Passport carries provenance; a correction reaches every dependent record.
01 受理
- 01识别来源来源 · 来源管理方发现不等于纳入。来源识别记录来源类别、管理方、机构角色和管辖范围。
- 03登记来源步骤登记使已发现的来源成为证据生命周期中受治理的参与方。它不意味着任何背书或认证。
02 评估
- 04管辖范围与权利分类关口权利分类识别许可、同意、保密和再利用限制。其结果决定访问和流转路径。
- 05证据质量评估步骤质量评估决定一条记录是否适合既定用途。质量是多维度的，绝不是单一分数。
- 06证据标签步骤每项发现都带有九种证据标签之一。缺失数据显示为缺失，绝不显示为零。
03 记录
04 使用与更正
- 02更正传达到依赖记录步骤 · NXS-GRX（规范数据、来源追溯与风险）来源更正会传递到依赖它的切片和产品，而不改写旧结果。
- 10公开安全审查关口可公开审查决定一条记录能否公开共享。这是一个独立阶段，并非验证。
数据协议：证据生命周期 · Data protocols: core data objects and evidence records · The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX)Designed programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The data-protocol pages describe a design, not a running system.
Where uncertainty in Earth observation analysis comes from, and how it is shown.
| 来源 | Why it matters here | How it is reported |
|---|---|---|
| Classification accuracy | Varies with region, season and class | Accuracy assessments per product |
| Revisit and cloud | Limit what fast events are seen | Observation dates stated |
| Geolocation | Errors matter for small features | Accuracy stated |
| Sensor continuity | Missions end; records break | Record continuity noted |
Every derived map states sensor, date and accuracy.
如何报告不确定性。
- 01
说明假设
每项分析都列出其假设及其所依赖的数据。
- 02
尽可能量化
在报告中心估计值的同时报告区间与置信度。
- 03
验证与比较
模型会对照观测数据进行核查，并在可能时与其他模型进行对照。
- 04
发布限制
分析无法说明的内容与其能够说明的内容并列陈述。
Where this page’s references lead.
阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化；每个链接都指向发布机构。
问题与解答。
方法是开放的吗？
从本页贡献证据。
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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