Area estimation with error-adjusted counts
Areas of land cover or change are estimated from reference samples, correcting map pixel counts for classification errors and reporting confidence intervals.
GCRI · 空间与地球观测
Spatial statistics give Earth observation its quantitative rigour: sampling designs for accuracy assessment, unbiased area estimation, spatial interpolation and models that combine satellite data with ground observations, each reported with its uncertainty.
Spatial statistics and geostatistics analyse data that vary across space, accounting for spatial dependence. They estimate values at unsampled locations and test for spatial patterns. In space and Earth observation and climate and hazards, spatial statistics produce continuous hazard and exposure surfaces with uncertainty. They reveal geographic clustering of risks and vulnerabilities across sectors. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Areas of land cover or change are estimated from reference samples, correcting map pixel counts for classification errors and reporting confidence intervals.
Reference samples are drawn by stratum so that rare classes such as deforestation are measured with useful precision.
Statistical models link satellite variables to field measurements, such as biomass plots, to estimate quantities across a region with uncertainty.
北极的土地覆盖与植被,来自 NASA GIBS。每个图层均标有各自日期。
交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 2
本页的对地观测
键盘操作,地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。
地球观测,以北极为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
Datasets and records used by spatial statistics and geostatistics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Reference samples | Accuracy and area | 观测 |
| Field plots | 校准 | 观测 |
| Satellite covariates | Prediction | 观测 |
团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。
Predictions are tested using spatial cross-validation that respects dependence. Uncertainty maps are compared with independent observations.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Design-based inference | Estimates follow the sampling design used |
| Interval reporting | Area and accuracy estimates carry intervals |
| Spatial cross-validation | Models are validated with spatially separated test data |
Results depend on the scale and zoning of analysis. Sparse or clustered sampling limits prediction in unsampled areas.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 气候风险标准: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-1 维持社会运转的 UNI 与制品目录(语法 v0.2:领域、部门、区域和环境分段)NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-3b 数据集与产品元数据规范(STAC、DCAT、PROV-O)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NS-14 符合性及与外部标准的对照NRS-H65 危害类别:超越行星边界(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H62 危害类别:复合与多危害事件(NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H71 危害类别:深时与宇宙灾难(NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H79 危害类别:精神卫生危机(NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H75 危害类别:气候敏感性疾病(NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive)NRS-H7 危害类别:大尺度环流异常(NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)观测
示例地理范围
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on Spatial statistics for EO, and where each step adds uncertainty.
Space and Earth Observation stewards spatial statistics and geostatistics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
Process explorer · Process
7 steps·4 个阶段·1 gate
流程
图层连同其权利一并进入,经对齐、分析和不确定性检查,再经公开安全审查后发布;地图是一项受治理的空间主张。
时空情报 · Data protocols: semantic, jurisdictional and temporal intelligence · NXS-EOPDesigned programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The pages cited are design doctrine.
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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