GCRI · Comercio y recursos estratégicos

Econometría para el comercio

Econometrics estimates relationships in trade and price data from observed history. In this field it measures how price shocks pass from world to local markets, how trade responds to policy measures, and how disruptions affect output and prices.

01Registro

Econometrics for trade on the record.

Registro del métodoMétodo CTIM
  1. MétodoEconometría
  2. Se aplica enComercio y recursos estratégicos
  3. Página canónicaProcomún CTIM
02Solicitud

What econometrics does here.

Econometrics applies statistical methods to economic data to estimate relationships, test theories and forecast. It provides empirical evidence on how shocks and policies affect economic outcomes. In trade, resources and supply chains and industry and robotics, econometric evidence estimates how disasters, pandemics and financial shocks affect output, employment and prices. It informs the economic case for reducción del riesgo. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Transmisión de precios

Time-series models estimate how much and how fast changes in world food and energy prices pass into domestic prices, allowing for exchange rates and policies.

Effects of trade measures

Gravity models and difference-in-differences designs estimate how tariffs, export controls and sanciones change trade flows, including rerouting through third countries.

Disruption impacts on output

Event studies relate dated supply disruptions to changes in production and prices in the industries that depend on the disrupted input.

03Simulador

Una perturbación a través de una economía insumo-producto.

A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.

Controles

Sector afectado primero (posición en la lista)
0
Tamaño del choque
30 % de su producción
Duración del choque
30 days
Tasa de recuperación
0.08 por día
Días simulados
180 days

Lecturas

Producción perdida durante el periodo
0.74% of a year’s output
Total sobre directo (multiplicador)
1.83 times
Otro sector más afectado
Energía
Su máxima inoperabilidad
3.8%
Cifras, métodos y fuentes
SectorInoperabilidad máxima (%)Peso de la producción (%)
Agricultura31.0417.0
Energía3.798.5
Manufactura1.4118.9
Transporte y puertos2.4620.1
Comercio0.3218.1
Servicios2.7417.4

Métodos

  1. Análisis insumo-producto Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press
  2. Modelo insumo-producto de inoperabilidad Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7
  3. Inoperabilidad dinámica y recuperación Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9
  4. Abanico de incertidumbre (Monte Carlo de parámetros) Spiegelhalter, Pearson y Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. Sensibilidad de un factor a la vez (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

Datos

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • Puertos marítimos Natural Earth
  • Puntos de estrangulamiento marítimos Nexus (estrechos y canales nombrados en sus coordenadas publicadas)
  • Ferrocarriles Natural Earth
  • Carreteras principales Natural Earth
Un choque a través de una economía insumo-producto. Modelo didáctico ilustrativo: funciona con los valores fijados por los controles, no con datos medidos. Métodos: análisis insumo-producto (Leontief (1936); Miller y Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); modelo insumo-producto de inoperabilidad (Haimes y Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); inoperabilidad dinámica y recuperación (Lian y Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).
04Datos

Lo que consume el método.

Datasets and records used by econometrics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in el registro de fuentes.

DatosFunciónEtiqueta
Trade flowsResultadosEstadísticas publicadas
Price seriesTransmisiónEstadísticas publicadas
Trade policy measure databasesTreatmentsNOTIFICADO
Industrial productionImpactsEstadísticas publicadas
05Métodos y evidencia

How econometrics for trade is modelled, measured and tested.

El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in econometrics for trade: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+ComercioIndustriaComunidadesEconomíaR de refuerzoB equilibrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principios rectores FAIR · GO FAIR y FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientación para un tratamiento coherente de las incertidumbres · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comité sobre Satélites de Observación de la Tierra
06Validación

Cómo se verifican los resultados.

Models are assessed through specification tests, robustness checks and out-of-sample performance. Results are compared across datasets and methods.

VerificaciónCómo se hace
Pre-trend testsTreated and comparison flows are checked for parallel trends before measures
Robustness to specificationResults are compared across model specifications
Structural break testsRelationships are tested for change over time

Endogeneity, measurement error and structural change can bias estimates. Relationships may shift under extreme conditions.

08Custodia responsable

Quién mantiene el método.

Desarrollo económico stewards econometrics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.

10Preguntas

Preguntas y respuestas.

What are the limits of econometrics in this field?
Endogeneity, measurement error and structural change can bias estimates. Relationships may shift under extreme conditions.
¿Cómo se verifican los resultados?
Models are assessed through specification tests, robustness checks and out-of-sample performance. Results are compared across datasets and methods.
¿Son reales los valores de esta página?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
¿Dónde más se aplica este método?
La página canónica del método enumera todas las plataformas que lo aplican.
serie ReportsContribuir

Aporte evidencia desde esta página.

serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIComercio y recursos estratégicosSistemas estratégicosEscenarios y pruebas de estrés
Comercio y recursos estratégicos

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