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GCRI · Inteligência artificial e sistemas autônomos

Efeitos laborais e sociais

AI changes which tasks people do, how work is organised, which skills are valued and how information spreads. Effects differ by occupation, country, gender and age, and depend on how firms and governments choose to deploy it. This page sets out how AI affects work and society, how exposure and impacts are measured, and what evidence serves the labour ministries, employers, unions and educators involved.

01Registrar

Labour and social effects on the record.

02A pergunta

Labour and social effects: how the risk develops.

Work, education, public trust and inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Tasks change before jobs do

AI automates or assists specific tasks within occupations. Jobs are reorganised around remaining tasks before they disappear or new ones form.

Mecanismo

Exposure is uneven

Clerical and some professional tasks are highly exposed to generative AI, while manual and interpersonal work is less exposed. Women are over-represented in some highly exposed clerical jobs.

Mecanismo

Skills and training lag

Workers need new skills to use AI well, and those displaced need retraining. Training sistemas often respond more slowly than technology adoption.

Mecanismo

Information ecosystems shift

Generated content, recommendation systems and synthetic media change how people find and judge information, with effects on trust and public debate.

03Métodos e evidência

How labour and social effects is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in labour and social effects: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+Inteligência artificialDadosComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04Em todos os domínios

AI’s effects on work vary across domains.

05Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Employment in occupations highly exposed to AIpercent of employmentpor avaliaçãoExposure studies using occupational dataESTIMADO
Firms using AIpercent of firmsanualBusiness surveysREPORTADO
Workers using AI tools at workpercent of workersper surveyLabour force and worker surveysREPORTADO
AI-related job postingsshare of postingsmensalOnline job posting dataOBSERVADO
Participation in AI skills trainingpercent of workforceanualTraining surveysREPORTADO
Wage changes in exposed occupationspercent changeanualWage statisticsEstatísticas publicadas
06Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
ILO studies on generative AI exposure of occupationsOccupational exposure estimates by country and genderPublic, ILO terms
OECD Employment Outlook and AI in work studiesEvidence on AI adoption and labour effectsPublic, OECD terms
Eurostat ICT usage in enterprises surveyShare of enterprises using AIOpen, Eurostat reuse policy
Online job posting data such as Lightcast summariesDemand for AI skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
Stanford AI IndexCompiled indicators on AI adoption, investment and labourPublic, licence to check
07Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Estúdio de Inteligência artificial e sistemas prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Labour ministriesWhich workers and sectors need transition supportExposure analyses; adoption tracking
Employers and unionsHow to introduce AI at work and share its gainsAdoption and wage evidence
Educação and training bodiesWhich skills to teach and to whomSkills demand evidence

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Occupational exposure analyses by sector, gender and region
  • Adoption tracking from business and worker surveys
  • Evaluation designs for AI training programmes
  • Evidence notes for social dialogue on AI at work
08Questões centrais

What researchers ask about social effects.

  • Which tasks can current AI perform well, and how does that map onto occupations?
  • Does AI substitute for workers, complement them or change what their jobs consist of?
  • How does AI change learning and assessment in education?
  • How do errors, opacity and misuse affect trust, and who is excluded?
09Mecanismos

Tasks, not jobs.

Jobs are bundles of tasks. AI tends to automate or assist specific tasks, such as drafting, summarising, coding or classifying images, which changes the content of jobs rather than simply removing them. Whether that raises productivity and wages or displaces workers depends on how organisations redesign work and how gains are shared.

In education, AI can personalise support but also undermine assessment and the learning that comes from effort. Trust depends on experience: visible errors, unexplained decisions and synthetic content erode it, while accountable use can build it. People with limited digital access, skills or language support risk exclusion.

10Métodos e dados

Evidence on social effects.

  1. 01

    Task exposure analysis

    Mapping AI capabilities onto occupational task data. Exposure is not the same as displacement.

  2. 02

    Field and natural experiments

    Studying workplaces and classrooms that adopt AI, using ciências sociais e comportamentais. Early studies may not generalise.

  3. 03

    Surveys of trust and use

    Measuring how people use and perceive AI. Attitudes change quickly and vary by context.

  4. 04

    Avaliação de capacidades

    Linking what sistemas can actually do, from Engenharia de avaliação e garantia de IA, to claims about social effects.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

13Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

Will AI take jobs?
Evidence so far suggests AI changes tasks within jobs more often than it eliminates whole jobs, but effects differ by occupation and depend on how it is deployed. Long-term effects are uncertain.
What is occupational exposure to AI?
A measure of how many of an occupation’s tasks AI could perform or assist, based on task descriptions, which indicates potential, not realised, change.
Who is most exposed to generative AI?
Studies by the ILO and others find clerical and some professional occupations most exposed, with women over-represented in highly exposed clerical work.
Will AI cause mass unemployment?
The evidence does not support confident predictions either way. Effects depend on adoption, work redesign, policy and how gains are shared, and they differ by occupation and place.
Which workers are most exposed?
Exposure analyses suggest many office and knowledge tasks are exposed to current AI, unlike earlier automation that mainly affected routine manual work. Exposure does not mean those jobs disappear.
How does this topic relate to Future of Work and Skills?
This topic connects AI capabilities to social effects; Future of Work and Skills studies labour markets, skills and institutions in depth. The two share evidence.
Does the platform advise employers?
No. It publishes research that employers, unions and public bodies can use.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIInteligência artificial e sistemas autônomosTecnologia exponencialEvidências de Labs
Inteligência artificial e sistemas autônomos

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