Catchment flood modelling
Rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models simulate how a storm becomes river flow and inundation, calibrated against gauged events.
GCRI · Clima y amenazas
Hydrology explains how rainfall becomes streamflow, floods, soil moisture and groundwater. In this field it links atmospheric hazards to their effects on land, through catchment models, flood frequency analysis and the propagation of drought.
Hydrology studies the movement, distribution and quality of water across the land surface, subsurface and atmosphere. It underpins the assessment of floods, droughts and water supply, which affect food, energy, health and infrastructure together. In climate and hazards and disaster and crisis, hydrological estimates set design standards for dams, levees and drainage and inform water allocation between competing users. They link climate hazards to downstream effects on power generation, crops and public health. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models simulate how a storm becomes river flow and inundation, calibrated against gauged events.
Deficits are traced from rainfall to soil moisture, streamflow and groundwater, with the lag at each stage estimated for the catchment.
Flood peaks are analysed with methods that allow change over time, and design floods are compared under present and projected conditions.
Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture across the world, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
El mapa interactivo requiere JavaScript; la lista de capas y las fuentes figuran a continuación.
Capas 3
El agua ahora, para esta página
Teclado, con el mapa seleccionado
Mantenga pulsado Ctrl o ⌘ y desplace para ampliar
Último disponible
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © colaboradores de OpenStreetMap (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Cargando las imágenes más recientes de la NASA.
Arrastre para desplazar. Ctrl o ⌘ y desplazamiento, pellizco o los botones para ampliar; pase el puntero para ver los valores; restablecer devuelve a la región.
El agua hoy, con enfoque en el mundo.Productos satelitales y de modelos tal como los publica la NASA, cada uno con su propia fecha. Son indicadores, no evaluaciones de ningún lugar.
Capas y fechas
Datasets and records used by hydrology and water science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in el registro de fuentes.
| Datos | Función | Etiqueta |
|---|---|---|
| River gauging networks | Discharge records | OBSERVADO |
| GloFAS reanalysis | Simulated discharge where gauges are absent | MODELADO |
| Groundwater monitoring wells | Aquifer levels | OBSERVADO |
| Digital elevation and land cover | Catchment properties | OBSERVADO |
La pantalla que utilizaría un equipo para seguir este método: sus mediciones, estados y decisiones. Los nombres son ejemplos y los valores son ilustrativos.
Climate and hazards · Hydrology for climate hazards · Run R-8921
held-out period
| T+2 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.26 | Skilful |
| T+4 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.34 | Marginal |
| T+6 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.15 | Skilful |
| T+8 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.24 | Marginal |
Models are calibrated on one period of observed flows and tested on an independent period or neighbouring catchment. Skill scores and comparison with surveyed flood extents are used to judge performance.
| Verificación | Cómo se hace |
|---|---|
| Split-sample testing | Models are calibrated on one period and tested on another |
| Rating curve review | Discharge derived from stage is checked for rating curve uncertainty at high flows |
| Multi-model comparison | Several hydrological models are compared before relying on one |
Assumptions of stationarity weaken as climate and land use change. Ungauged basins, karst aquifers and rapid urbanisation are poorly represented by parameters fitted elsewhere.
Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
Controles
Lecturas
| Hour | Outlet (m³/s) | Unrouted (m³/s) | Upper reach (m³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 0.0 | 678.9 | 0.0 |
| 12.0 | 308.3 | 1,151.4 | 181.8 |
| 21.6 | 452.4 | 35.1 | 73.7 |
| 31.2 | 363.3 | 1.1 | 11.1 |
| 40.8 | 198.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| 50.4 | 79.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| 60.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 69.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 79.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 88.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 98.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 127.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 136.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
En los seis pilares, bajo la dirección de Nexus Consortium
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Normas sobre riesgo climático: the hazards it names, the sistemas and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full Constructor de sistemas.
Amenazas
Sistemas y acoplamientos
Controles
NS-0 Constitución y principiosNS-1 La UNI y el catálogo de artefactos (gramática v0.2: segmentos de dominio, sector, región y entorno)NS-3 UNI de registros de riesgo (gramática, tabla de correspondencia heredada, autoridad de asignación)NS-3b Perfil de metadatos de conjuntos de datos y productos (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-9 UNI contextuales (despliegues, instancias, instancias de programa)NS-11 Verificación y seguimiento (evidencia, atestaciones, observación de la conformidad de confianza cero)NS-14 Conformidad y correspondencia con normas externasNRS-H65 Familia de amenazas: transgresión de los límites planetarios (NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H62 Familia de amenazas: eventos compuestos y multiamenaza (NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H71 Familia de amenazas: catástrofes cósmicas y del tiempo profundo (NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H79 Familia de amenazas: crisis de salud mental (NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H75 Familia de amenazas: enfermedades sensibles al clima (NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive)NRS-H7 Familia de amenazas: anomalías de la circulación a gran escala (NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)Observación
Geografía de ejemplo
Water Nexus stewards hydrology and water science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
The sectors hydrology for climate hazards touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
Firma
El agua y sus socios
El agua aporta riego a la alimentación (0,8), agua de refrigeración e hidroelectricidad a la energía (0,6) y caudales ecológicos a la biodiversidad (0,6).
W · E · I · F · H · B
El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.
How far the outlook for hydrology for climate hazards could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.
serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
No envíe nunca datos personales, detalles sensibles de infraestructura ni nada que no tenga derecho a compartir. Un aporte se revisa antes de su uso; enviarlo no confiere autoría ni derechos editoriales, y el patrocinio nunca compra un hallazgo.
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