Catchment flood modelling
Rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models simulate how a storm becomes river flow and inundation, calibrated against gauged events.
GCRI · 気候とハザード
Hydrology explains how rainfall becomes streamflow, floods, soil moisture and groundwater. In this field it links atmospheric hazards to their effects on land, through catchment models, flood frequency analysis and the propagation of drought.
Hydrology studies the movement, distribution and quality of water across the land surface, subsurface and atmosphere. It underpins the assessment of floods, droughts and water supply, which affect food, energy, health and infrastructure together. In climate and hazards and disaster and crisis, hydrological estimates set design standards for dams, levees and drainage and inform water allocation between competing users. They link climate hazards to downstream effects on power generation, crops and public health. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Rainfall-runoff and hydraulic models simulate how a storm becomes river flow and inundation, calibrated against gauged events.
Deficits are traced from rainfall to soil moisture, streamflow and groundwater, with the lag at each stage estimated for the catchment.
Flood peaks are analysed with methods that allow change over time, and design floods are compared under present and projected conditions.
Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture across the world, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
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レイヤー 3
このページの現在の水の状況
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最新の利用可能データ
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM(METI、NASA)· Blue Marble(NASA)· © OpenStreetMap 貢献者(ODbL)· Natural Earth
最新のNASA画像を読み込んでいます。
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世界を対象とした現在の水。NASA が公開するままの衛星およびモデルのプロダクトで、それぞれに固有の日付があります。指標であり、特定の場所の評価ではありません。
レイヤーと日付
Datasets and records used by hydrology and water science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 出典の登録簿.
| データ | 役割 | ラベル |
|---|---|---|
| River gauging networks | Discharge records | 観測 |
| GloFAS reanalysis | Simulated discharge where gauges are absent | モデル化 |
| Groundwater monitoring wells | Aquifer levels | 観測 |
| Digital elevation and land cover | Catchment properties | 観測 |
この手法を追跡するためにチームが使う画面:その指標、状態、決定。名前は例であり、値はイメージです。
Climate and hazards · Hydrology for climate hazards · Run R-8921
held-out period
| T+2 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.26 | Skilful |
| T+4 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.34 | Marginal |
| T+6 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.15 | Skilful |
| T+8 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.24 | Marginal |
Models are calibrated on one period of observed flows and tested on an independent period or neighbouring catchment. Skill scores and comparison with surveyed flood extents are used to judge performance.
| 確認 | 実施方法 |
|---|---|
| Split-sample testing | Models are calibrated on one period and tested on another |
| Rating curve review | Discharge derived from stage is checked for rating curve uncertainty at high flows |
| Multi-model comparison | Several hydrological models are compared before relying on one |
Assumptions of stationarity weaken as climate and land use change. Ungauged basins, karst aquifers and rapid urbanisation are poorly represented by parameters fitted elsewhere.
Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
管理策
読み取り値
| Hour | Outlet (m³/s) | Unrouted (m³/s) | Upper reach (m³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 0.0 | 678.9 | 0.0 |
| 12.0 | 308.3 | 1,151.4 | 181.8 |
| 21.6 | 452.4 | 35.1 | 73.7 |
| 31.2 | 363.3 | 1.1 | 11.1 |
| 40.8 | 198.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| 50.4 | 79.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| 60.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 69.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 79.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 88.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 98.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 127.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 136.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
6 本の柱を通じて、Nexus Consortium が主導
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 気候リスクの標準: the hazards it names, the システム and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
ハザード
システムと連成
管理策
NS-0 憲章と原則NS-1 社会を動かし続ける UNI と成果物カタログ(文法 v0.2:分野、部門、地域、環境の区分)NS-3 リスク記録の UNI(文法、旧体系との対照、割当権限)NS-3b データセットとプロダクトのメタデータ・プロファイル(STAC、DCAT、PROV-O)NS-9 文脈 UNI(展開、インスタンス、プログラム・インスタンス)NS-11 検証とモニタリング(エビデンス、証明、ゼロトラストの適合性観測)NS-14 適合性と外部標準との対照NRS-H65 ハザード・ファミリー:プラネタリー・バウンダリーの逸脱(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H62 ハザード・ファミリー:複合・マルチハザード事象(NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H71 ハザード分類:地質学的時間と宇宙の大災害(NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H79 ハザード・ファミリー:メンタルヘルスの危機(NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H75 ハザード・ファミリー:気候に影響される疾患(NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive)NRS-H7 ハザード分類:大規模な循環の異常(NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)観測
例示の地理
Water Nexus stewards hydrology and water science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
The sectors hydrology for climate hazards touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
署名
水とそのパートナー
水は食料に灌漑(0.8)を、エネルギーに冷却水と水力(0.6)を、生物多様性に環境流量(0.6)をもたらします。
W · E · I · F · H · B
モデル、その仮定、データ、不確実性を、科学者やエンジニアが確認する形で示します。構造は公表された手法に従っています。描かれた値は例示であり、知見ではありません。
How far the outlook for hydrology for climate hazards could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.
報告書 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
個人データ、重要インフラの機微な詳細、共有する権利のないものは決して送らないでください。寄稿は利用前にレビューされます。送付によって著作者としての権利や編集上の権利が生じることはなく、スポンサーシップで調査結果を買うことは決してできません。
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