GCRI · Health Nexus
Released maps
Maps of Health Nexus are published here once their data rights are cleared and they have been reviewed. Each shows its time and space reference, its sources and its uncertainty.
01Contents
Released maps in five parts.
02What is shown
Released, referenced and rights-cleared.
- Time and space reference for every view.
- Sources and licence.
- Uncertainty and known limits.
- Version and date of release.
03Geography
Environmental exposure worldwide.
Daytime surface heat, population density and haze across the world, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 3
Environmental exposure, for this page
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- 8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-09-14
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Estimated
- Source
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))
- Provider
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Vintage
- null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 2 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite measure of haze, smoke and dust through the whole air column on the day shown; an exposure indicator, not ground-level PM2.5, an air quality index or a health warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite image
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)
- Source
- MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
- Provider
- NASA LP DAAC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes
- Newest at build
- 2024-01-01
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)
- Provider
- NASA GES DISC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-10
- Resolution
- about 2 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite column of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere on the day shown, mostly from combustion; not a ground-level concentration or a health warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Environmental exposure, framed on the world.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERTSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
- Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.
- Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.
- Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC · 10 Oct 2026
04Indicators
What a released map in this field would carry.
| Indicator | Unit | Cadence | Evidence label | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential health service disruption | percent of tracer services reported disrupted | per survey round | Reported | Health system continuity |
| Routine service volume against expected | ratio of observed to expected visits | monthly | Estimated | Health system continuity |
| Facilities with reliable electricity and water | percent of facilities | per assessment | Observed | Health system continuity |
| Backup power and water endurance | hours of autonomous operation | per facility | Published statistics | Health system continuity |
| Health worker density | doctors, nurses and midwives per ten thousand population | annual | Published statistics | Health system continuity |
| Unfilled shifts | percent of rostered shifts unfilled | weekly | Observed | Health system continuity |
| Tracer medicine stock-out | percent of facilities reporting a stock-out | monthly | Reported | Health system continuity |
| Bed occupancy and surge capacity | percent occupied; additional beds deployable | daily | Observed | Health system continuity |
| Notified animal disease events | events per reporting period | immediate and six-monthly | Published statistics | One health |
| Human cases of priority zoonoses | notified cases | weekly | Reported | One health |
| Antimicrobial use in animals | milligrams of active ingredient per kilogram of animal biomass | annual | Published statistics | One health |
| Antimicrobial resistance in priority bacteria | percent of tested isolates resistant | annual | Observed | One health |
| Vector suitability | dimensionless index | monthly | Modelled | One health |
| Forest loss at the human-animal interface | square kilometres | annual | Observed | One health |
| Joint multisectoral investigations | count of investigations conducted jointly | annual | Reported | One health |
| Notified cases by date of onset | cases | daily or weekly | Reported | Infectious threats |
| Time-varying reproduction number | dimensionless | weekly | Estimated | Infectious threats |
| Test positivity | percent of tests positive | weekly | Observed | Infectious threats |
| Sequencing coverage | percent of confirmed cases sequenced | weekly | Observed | Infectious threats |
| Timeliness of detection, notification and response | days between emergence, detection, notification and response | per event | Reported | Infectious threats |
| Influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection | consultations or admissions per hundred thousand population | weekly | Observed | Infectious threats |
| Case fatality risk | percent of confirmed cases with known outcome | per event | Estimated | Infectious threats |
| Excess mortality | deaths above expected | weekly or monthly | Estimated | Infectious threats |
| UHC service coverage index | index from zero to one hundred | biennial | Estimated | Health equity |
| Catastrophic health spending | percent of households above the spending threshold | per survey | Estimated | Health equity |
| Travel time to the nearest health facility | minutes | per update | Modelled | Health equity |
| Wealth gap in skilled birth attendance | percentage-point difference between richest and poorest quintiles | per survey | Estimated | Health equity |
| Subnational under-five mortality | deaths per thousand live births | annual | Modelled | Health equity |
| Population in hazard zones by deprivation | persons | per update | Estimated | Health equity |
| Completeness of disaggregated reporting | percent of indicators reported by sex, age and place | annual | Reported | Health equity |
| Annual mean fine particulate matter | micrograms per cubic metre | annual | Modelled | Environmental health |
| Population above the WHO air quality guideline | persons | annual | Estimated | Environmental health |
| Heat stress | universal thermal climate index, degrees Celsius | daily | Modelled | Environmental health |
| Heatwave exposure | person-days of heatwave exposure | seasonal | Estimated | Environmental health |
| Heat-related excess deaths | deaths above expected | seasonal | Estimated | Environmental health |
| Reliance on polluting cooking fuels | percent of population | annual | Estimated | Environmental health |
| Drinking-water contaminant exceedance | percent of samples above the guideline value | monthly | Observed | Environmental health |
| Blood lead concentration | micrograms per decilitre | per survey | Observed | Environmental health |
| Tracer medicine availability | percent of facilities with the item in stock | monthly | Observed | Health supply chains |
| Stock-out duration | days per stock-out event | monthly | Reported | Health supply chains |
| Months of stock on hand | months of average consumption | monthly | Published statistics | Health supply chains |
| Cold chain equipment functionality | percent of equipment functional | quarterly | Reported | Health supply chains |
| Temperature excursions | excursions per monitored unit | continuous | Observed | Health supply chains |
| Supplier concentration | count of qualified suppliers per product | per review | Published statistics | Health supply chains |
| Active shortage notices | notices | weekly | Published statistics | Health supply chains |
| Substandard and falsified product reports | reports | monthly | Reported | Health supply chains |
| Reported health data breaches | incidents; records affected | monthly | Published statistics | Digital health risk |
| Ransomware incidents affecting health providers | incidents | quarterly | Reported | Digital health risk |
| Unplanned clinical system downtime | hours | monthly | Observed | Digital health risk |
| Known exploited vulnerabilities on health technology | open vulnerabilities on deployed assets | weekly | Observed | Digital health risk |
| Use of agreed exchange standards | percent of registered systems | annual | Reported | Digital health risk |
| Adverse event reports for AI-enabled devices | reports | quarterly | Reported | Digital health risk |
| Digital health maturity | phase across the monitor’s indicators | periodic | Declared | Digital health risk |
| Hospital Safety Index category | safety category from the index | per assessment | Published statistics | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Facilities in hazard zones | count of facilities by hazard class | per update | Estimated | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Facility functionality after an event | percent of facilities fully, partially or not functioning | per event | Reported | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Population losing access after an event | persons beyond a travel-time threshold | per event | Modelled | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Time to restore services | days by service line | per event | Reported | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Attacks on health care | incidents; facilities affected | continuous | Reported | Healthcare infrastructure |
| Deferred maintenance and retrofit backlog | cost of deferred works, local currency | annual | Published statistics | Healthcare infrastructure |
05Process
How the process runs.
Process
Released maps: Layers to published map
Layers enter with their rights, are aligned, analysed and checked for uncertainty, then released after public-safe review; a map is a governed spatial claim.
01 Data
- 01Source layers with their rightsDataset · NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)Spatial views of The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) products sit under the boundary licence gate. Rights classification sets how a layer may be used.
02 Harmonise
- 02Coordinate reference and boundary versionRecord · NXS-EOP (earth observation and digital twins)The area of interest preserves its coordinate reference system, polygon validity and observation support. Boundary versions are kept.
- 03Harmonise units, variables and timeStepUnit metadata, conversion records and transformation logs are required. Alignment is an evidence event, not hidden preprocessing.
03 Analyse and check
- 04Analyse with a recorded processing recipeModel · GIS teamA processing recipe records parameters, calibration, inputs and output lineage. The analysis methods are named in each product’s own record.
- 05Spatial uncertainty checkGateSpatial uncertainty is recorded and affects downstream use. A high-uncertainty polygon may suit internal review, not public-safe release.
04 Publish
- 06Spatial metadata bundleRecordThe bundle records boundary type, jurisdiction, geometry version, projection, resolution, source, time window, uncertainty and access class.
- 07Public-safe release of the mapDecisionThe output record names the redactions, uncertainty and public-safe reviewer. A map is a governed spatial claim, never merely a picture.
Spatio-temporal intelligence · Data protocols: semantic, jurisdictional and temporal intelligence · NXS-EOPDesigned programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The pages cited are design doctrine.
06Reading the maps
Cautions that apply to health maps.
- Facility maps from open sources are incomplete and seldom show capacity.
- Capacity scores are self-reported or assessed at a point in time; state which.
- Disease maps by district can identify small populations; aggregation protects them.
- Travel-network maps show connectivity, not risk of importation without case data.
07Status
Releases appear as they are reviewed.
Analysis runs in Foundry; reviewed releases are listed here.
08Sources
Where this page’s references lead.
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
09Questions
Questions and answers.
Can I request a map or model?
Write to the contact form with what you need and why.
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Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
GCRIHealth NexusGlobal Sector Risk and ResilienceCountry Systems Risk and ResilienceEvidence Brief
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- ReportsGCRISee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
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Health Nexus
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