GCRI · Registry

Herkunft des Datensatzes

Provenance is the account of where a record came from: who issued it, when, by what method, from which sources and through which transformations it passed before reaching the reader. Without it a record cannot be checked, weighed or corrected, only trusted or ignored. This page sets out how provenance is captured and expressed, why lineage chains break, and what the people who rely on registry records need to see before they do.

02Die Frage

Record provenance: how the risk develops.

Issuer, date, method and source lineage. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mechanismus

Lineage breaks at hand-offs

Records pass between spreadsheets, databases, aggregators and exports. Each step can drop the issuer, the source reference or the method note. Once the chain is cut, later copies look authoritative while nothing connects them to what they were derived from.

Mechanismus

Issuer ambiguity

Organisation names change, merge and are spelt many ways, and people share names. Without persistent identifiers for issuers, two bodies are recorded as one or one as two, and responsibility for an assertion can no longer be established.

Mechanismus

Method drift

The method behind a field changes, through a new coding rule, a new instrument or a revised definition, while the field name stays the same. A series then joins incompatible values, and no reader can see where the join is.

Mechanismus

Laundering through aggregation

An unsourced claim is copied by an aggregator, quoted in a report and indexed by search engines. Each reuse adds apparent authority and removes context, until the claim is cited back to its origin as if it were independent confirmation.

03Methoden und Evidenz

How record provenance is modelled, measured and tested.

Das Modell, seine Annahmen, seine Daten und seine Unsicherheit in der Form, in der eine Wissenschaftlerin oder ein Ingenieur sie prüfen würde. Die Strukturen folgen veröffentlichten Methoden. Die dargestellten Werte sind illustrativ, keine Befunde.

Datensätze und Herkunft

The data classes behind record provenance and what is recorded about each before it is used.

DatenklasseHerkunft erfasstAuflösung angegebenLizenz geprüft
Satellitenbilder, optisch und RadarSensor, Verarbeitungsstufe, AufnahmedatumPixelgröße und Wiederholratepro Szene
Reanalysen und KlimamodellausgabenModell, Experiment, Member, VersionGitter und Zeitschrittje Veröffentlichung
In-situ-Sensoren und PegelStation, Instrument, KalibrierprotokollMesspunkt und Abtastrateje Netz
Exposition von Bevölkerung und AnlagenMethode, Jahrgang, EingangsquellenZellgröße und Einheitje Veröffentlichung
Grenzen und ReferenzgeografieHersteller, Ausgabe, DatumSkalaje Ausgabe
Herkunftskette
W3C-PROV-Eintrag von der Quelle zur Abbildung
Grundsätze
FAIR: auffindbar, zugänglich, interoperabel, wiederverwendbar
Lücken
als fehlend angezeigt, nie stillschweigend ergänzt
Datenklassen und die für jede erfassten Herkunftsfelder; ein Datensatz wird erst dann namentlich aufgeführt, wenn seine Lizenz die Nutzung zulässt.
FAIR-Leitprinzipien · GO FAIR und FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumHinweise zur einheitlichen Behandlung von Unsicherheiten · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04In the five domains

Provenance lets a reader trace a figure in any domain to its source.

05Indikatoren

Was gemessen wird und wie gut.

Jeder Indikator trägt seine Einheit, seinen Rhythmus, die Art der zugrunde liegenden Quelle und die Evidenzkennzeichnung, die ein Wert tragen würde. Es werden keine Werte gezeigt: Ein Programm liefert sie unter seiner eigenen Autorität.

IndikatorEinheitTaktQuellentypKennzeichnung
Records with complete issuer, date and methodshare of recordsmonatlichSchema validationBEOBACHTET
Lineage depth to a primary sourcenumber of derivation stepsper recordProvenance graphBEOBACHTET
Unresolved source referencesAnzahlwöchentlichResolver checksBEOBACHTET
Transformations without a recorded agentAnzahlmonatlichProvenance graph auditBEOBACHTET
Records with content hashes or signaturesshare of recordsmonatlichIntegrity checkBEOBACHTET
Issuers with a persistent identifiershare of issuersvierteljährlichIdentifier reconciliationBEOBACHTET
Provenance inferred rather than declaredshare of provenance statementsvierteljährlichCuration reviewGESCHÄTZT
06Quellen

Woher die Evidenz stammt.

Benannte öffentliche Datensätze und institutionelle Aufzeichnungen, jeweils mit ihrer Lizenzklasse. Quellen auf Vereinbarungsbasis werden nur zu ihren Bedingungen genutzt und niemals weiterveröffentlicht.

QuelleWas es liefertLizenzklasse
W3C PROV-O and PROV-DMThe standard vocabulary of entities, activities and agents for expressing provenance graphsW3C document licence, free to implement
DataCite Metadata SchemaCreator, contributor, date, relation and related-identifier fields for research outputsCC0 for metadata
ROR (Research Organization Registry)Persistent identifiers for research organisations, with name variants, relationships and successionCC0, no restrictions
ORCID public data filePersistent identifiers for researchers, with linked works, affiliations and fundingCC0
GLEIF Legal Entity Identifier dataIdentifiers, legal names and parent relationships for legal entitiesCC0, no restrictions
PREMIS Data DictionaryPreservation metadata for events, agents and rights on digital objectsFree to use, maintained by the Library of Congress
RO-CrateA specification for packaging research data with its provenance in JSON-LDOpen specification, attribution
07Entscheidungen

Wer entscheidet und wozu die Evidenz dient.

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Wer entscheidetDie FrageEvidenz, der diese Seite dient
Daten-SachwalterWhether a record’s lineage is complete enough to publish or must be held for curationProvenance completeness, unresolved references and transformations without a recorded agent
Journal and report editorsWhether a cited registry record can support a claim in a manuscriptIssuer identity, method, date and the depth of lineage to a primary source
Beauftragte für ForschungsintegritätWhether an assertion was altered, misattributed or fabricatedTime-stamped provenance graph, content hashes and the full edit history
National statistics officesWhether administrative or registry records can enter published statisticsSource lineage, method stability over time and documented transformations

Ergebnisse, die dieses Thema hervorbringt

  • Record views listing issuer, issue date, method and source references for each assertion
  • Provenance graphs tracing derived records back to their primary sources
  • A provenance completeness check applied to every record before publication
  • Method change notes marking where a field’s definition or instrument changed
08Kernfragen

What provenance research asks.

  • What is the smallest set of facts that lets a reader judge a record’s origin?
  • How much lineage should be captured automatically, and how much asserted by people?
  • How can provenance survive when records are copied, transformed or merged?
  • How do we record a source that cannot be disclosed?
  • How can a lineage claim itself be verified rather than trusted?
09Mechanismen

How lineage is lost.

Lineage is usually lost at boundaries: when a dataset is exported to a spreadsheet, when a figure is retyped into a report, when two sources are merged without recording which value came from where. Each step can be innocent, yet together they produce numbers whose origin no one can reconstruct. Archival science calls the related principle respect for provenance: records keep their link to the body that created them and to their original order.

Modern provenance models describe three kinds of thing: entities such as datasets and reports, activities such as a model run or a review, and agents such as people, institutions and software. The W3C PROV family of specifications expresses these relationships in a form machines can read, and the Registry’s lineage design is intended to follow it, as described on provenance and attribution.

10Methoden und Grenzen

Capturing and checking lineage.

  1. 01

    Issuer and authority

    Each record names who issued it and under what authority, so a reader knows whose word it is.

  2. 02

    Activity records

    Transformations, model runs and reviews are recorded with their method version and date.

  3. 03

    Integrity checks

    Cryptographic hashes can show that a file has not changed since it was recorded, a technique from Cybersicherheit und Kryptografie.

  4. 04

    Grenzen

    Provenance shows where a record came from, not whether its content is right. Lineage is only as complete as the steps that were captured, and self-declared provenance can be false. Restricted sources can be named but not inspected.

11Methoden

Wie es untersucht wird und was die Methoden nicht sagen können.

  1. Datentechnik, Interoperabilität und DatenverantwortungSchemavalidiertes Einlesen · Abgleich persistenter Identifikatoren · Erfassung der Herkunftskette in PipelinesHier angewandt
  2. Cybersicherheit und KryptografieManipulationssichere Änderungshistorie · Signierte Exporte und Freigaben · Bedrohungsmodellierung der BearbeitungswegeHier angewandt
  3. Digitale Identität und öffentliche digitale SystemeAuthentifizierung und Befugnis des Ausstellers · Eindeutige Zuordnung von Beitragenden durch die Person selbstHier angewandt
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Die Gremien und Dokumente, vor deren Hintergrund diese Seite gelesen wird. Status und Ausgaben ändern sich; jeder Link führt zur herausgebenden Stelle.

13Fragen

Fragen und Antworten.

What is the difference between provenance and a source?
A source is one input. Provenance is the whole account: every input, the activities that transformed them, the agents responsible and the time at which each step happened.
What happens to records with incomplete provenance?
They are published with the gap stated, or held for curation, under the steward’s rules. Missing elements are shown as missing, never filled with a guess presented as fact.
Does a digital signature make a record true?
No. A signature binds content to a signer and shows whether it changed afterwards. Whether the content is correct depends on the method and sources behind it.
Why do issuers need persistent identifiers?
Because names are ambiguous and change over time. An identifier such as a ROR ID or ORCID iD keeps responsibility attached to the right organisation or person through mergers, renamings and moves.
Is provenance the same as citation?
No. A citation points to a source. Provenance records the full chain of production, including the methods and the people or systems involved.
What happens when a source is corrected?
Records that depend on it are identified through their lineage and reviewed. See correction and versioning.
Can provenance include restricted sources?
Yes. The record states that a restricted source was used, who holds it and why it cannot be shown, without revealing its content.
BerichteBeitragen

Evidenz von dieser Seite aus beitragen.

Berichte is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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