GCRI · Registry

Proveniência do registo

Provenance is the account of where a record came from: who issued it, when, by what method, from which sources and through which transformations it passed before reaching the reader. Without it a record cannot be checked, weighed or corrected, only trusted or ignored. This page sets out how provenance is captured and expressed, why lineage chains break, and what the people who rely on registry records need to see before they do.

02A pergunta

Record provenance: how the risk develops.

Issuer, date, method and source lineage. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Lineage breaks at hand-offs

Records pass between spreadsheets, databases, aggregators and exports. Each step can drop the issuer, the source reference or the method note. Once the chain is cut, later copies look authoritative while nothing connects them to what they were derived from.

Mecanismo

Issuer ambiguity

Organisation names change, merge and are spelt many ways, and people share names. Without persistent identifiers for issuers, two bodies are recorded as one or one as two, and responsibility for an assertion can no longer be established.

Mecanismo

Method drift

The method behind a field changes, through a new coding rule, a new instrument or a revised definition, while the field name stays the same. A series then joins incompatible values, and no reader can see where the join is.

Mecanismo

Laundering through aggregation

An unsourced claim is copied by an aggregator, quoted in a report and indexed by search engines. Each reuse adds apparent authority and removes context, until the claim is cited back to its origin as if it were independent confirmation.

03Métodos e evidência

How record provenance is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Conjuntos de dados e proveniência

The data classes behind record provenance and what is recorded about each before it is used.

Classe de dadosProveniência registadaResolução indicadaLicença verificada
Imagens de satélite, óticas e radarsensor, nível de processamento, data de aquisiçãotamanho do píxel e revisitapor cena
Reanálises e saídas de modelos climáticosmodelo, experiência, membro, versãogrelha e passo temporalpor publicação
Sensores e estações de medição in situestação, instrumento, registo de calibraçãoponto e frequência de amostragempor rede
Exposição da população e dos ativosmétodo, versão, fontes de entradatamanho e unidade da célulapor publicação
Limites e geografia de referênciaprodutor, edição, dataescalapor edição
Linhagem
Registro W3C PROV da fonte à figura
Princípios
FAIR: localizáveis, acessíveis, interoperáveis, reutilizáveis
Lacunas
apresentado como em falta, nunca preenchido em silêncio
Classes de dados e os campos de proveniência registrados para cada uma; um conjunto de dados só é listado pelo nome quando sua licença admite o uso.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04In the five domains

Provenance lets a reader trace a figure in any domain to its source.

05Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Records with complete issuer, date and methodshare of recordsmensalSchema validationOBSERVADO
Lineage depth to a primary sourcenumber of derivation stepsper recordProvenance graphOBSERVADO
Unresolved source referencescontagemsemanalResolver checksOBSERVADO
Transformations without a recorded agentcontagemmensalProvenance graph auditOBSERVADO
Records with content hashes or signaturesshare of recordsmensalIntegrity checkOBSERVADO
Issuers with a persistent identifiershare of issuerstrimestralIdentifier reconciliationOBSERVADO
Provenance inferred rather than declaredshare of provenance statementstrimestralCuration reviewESTIMADO
06Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
W3C PROV-O and PROV-DMThe standard vocabulary of entities, activities and agents for expressing provenance graphsW3C document licence, free to implement
DataCite Metadata SchemaCreator, contributor, date, relation and related-identifier fields for research outputsCC0 for metadata
ROR (Research Organization Registry)Persistent identifiers for research organisations, with name variants, relationships and successionCC0, no restrictions
ORCID public data filePersistent identifiers for researchers, with linked works, affiliations and fundingCC0
GLEIF Legal Entity Identifier dataIdentifiers, legal names and parent relationships for legal entitiesCC0, no restrictions
PREMIS Data DictionaryPreservation metadata for events, agents and rights on digital objectsFree to use, maintained by the Library of Congress
RO-CrateA specification for packaging research data with its provenance in JSON-LDOpen specification, attribution
07Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Guardiões de dadosWhether a record’s lineage is complete enough to publish or must be held for curationProvenance completeness, unresolved references and transformations without a recorded agent
Journal and report editorsWhether a cited registry record can support a claim in a manuscriptIssuer identity, method, date and the depth of lineage to a primary source
Responsáveis pela integridade da pesquisaWhether an assertion was altered, misattributed or fabricatedTime-stamped provenance graph, content hashes and the full edit history
National statistics officesWhether administrative or registry records can enter published statisticsSource lineage, method stability over time and documented transformations

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Record views listing issuer, issue date, method and source references for each assertion
  • Provenance graphs tracing derived records back to their primary sources
  • A provenance completeness check applied to every record before publication
  • Method change notes marking where a field’s definition or instrument changed
08Questões centrais

What provenance research asks.

  • What is the smallest set of facts that lets a reader judge a record’s origin?
  • How much lineage should be captured automatically, and how much asserted by people?
  • How can provenance survive when records are copied, transformed or merged?
  • How do we record a source that cannot be disclosed?
  • How can a lineage claim itself be verified rather than trusted?
09Mecanismos

How lineage is lost.

Lineage is usually lost at boundaries: when a dataset is exported to a spreadsheet, when a figure is retyped into a report, when two sources are merged without recording which value came from where. Each step can be innocent, yet together they produce numbers whose origin no one can reconstruct. Archival science calls the related principle respect for provenance: records keep their link to the body that created them and to their original order.

Modern provenance models describe three kinds of thing: entities such as datasets and reports, activities such as a model run or a review, and agents such as people, institutions and software. The W3C PROV family of specifications expresses these relationships in a form machines can read, and the Registry’s lineage design is intended to follow it, as described on provenance and attribution.

10Métodos e limites

Capturing and checking lineage.

  1. 01

    Issuer and authority

    Each record names who issued it and under what authority, so a reader knows whose word it is.

  2. 02

    Activity records

    Transformations, model runs and reviews are recorded with their method version and date.

  3. 03

    Integrity checks

    Cryptographic hashes can show that a file has not changed since it was recorded, a technique from cibersegurança e criptografia.

  4. 04

    Limites

    Provenance shows where a record came from, not whether its content is right. Lineage is only as complete as the steps that were captured, and self-declared provenance can be false. Restricted sources can be named but not inspected.

11Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

  1. Engenharia, interoperabilidade e gestão responsável de dadosIngestão validada por esquema · Reconciliação de identificadores persistentes · Captura de linhagem nos pipelinesAplicado aqui
  2. Cibersegurança e criptografiaHistórico de registros à prova de adulteração · Exportações e versões assinadas · Modelagem de ameaças dos caminhos de ediçãoAplicado aqui
  3. Identidade digital e sistemas digitais públicosAutenticação e autoridade do emissor · Desambiguação de colaboradores pela própria pessoaAplicado aqui
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

13Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

What is the difference between provenance and a source?
A source is one input. Provenance is the whole account: every input, the activities that transformed them, the agents responsible and the time at which each step happened.
What happens to records with incomplete provenance?
They are published with the gap stated, or held for curation, under the steward’s rules. Missing elements are shown as missing, never filled with a guess presented as fact.
Does a digital signature make a record true?
No. A signature binds content to a signer and shows whether it changed afterwards. Whether the content is correct depends on the method and sources behind it.
Why do issuers need persistent identifiers?
Because names are ambiguous and change over time. An identifier such as a ROR ID or ORCID iD keeps responsibility attached to the right organisation or person through mergers, renamings and moves.
Is provenance the same as citation?
No. A citation points to a source. Provenance records the full chain of production, including the methods and the people or systems involved.
What happens when a source is corrected?
Records that depend on it are identified through their lineage and reviewed. See correction and versioning.
Can provenance include restricted sources?
Yes. The record states that a restricted source was used, who holds it and why it cannot be shown, without revealing its content.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIRegistroMethods and Technical
Registro

Traga um método, um conjunto de dados ou uma pergunta.

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