GCRI · रजिस्ट्री

अभिलेख उद्गम

Provenance is the account of where a record came from: who issued it, when, by what method, from which sources and through which transformations it passed before reaching the reader. Without it a record cannot be checked, weighed or corrected, only trusted or ignored. This page sets out how provenance is captured and expressed, why lineage chains break, and what the people who rely on registry records need to see before they do.

02प्रश्न

Record provenance: how the risk develops.

Issuer, date, method and source lineage. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

तंत्र

Lineage breaks at hand-offs

Records pass between spreadsheets, databases, aggregators and exports. Each step can drop the issuer, the source reference or the method note. Once the chain is cut, later copies look authoritative while nothing connects them to what they were derived from.

तंत्र

Issuer ambiguity

Organisation names change, merge and are spelt many ways, and people share names. Without persistent identifiers for issuers, two bodies are recorded as one or one as two, and responsibility for an assertion can no longer be established.

तंत्र

Method drift

The method behind a field changes, through a new coding rule, a new instrument or a revised definition, while the field name stays the same. A series then joins incompatible values, and no reader can see where the join is.

तंत्र

Laundering through aggregation

An unsourced claim is copied by an aggregator, quoted in a report and indexed by search engines. Each reuse adds apparent authority and removes context, until the claim is cited back to its origin as if it were independent confirmation.

03पद्धतियाँ और साक्ष्य

How record provenance is modelled, measured and tested.

मॉडल, उसकी मान्यताएँ, उसका डेटा और उसकी अनिश्चितता, उस रूप में जिसे कोई वैज्ञानिक या अभियंता जाँचेगा। संरचनाएँ प्रकाशित पद्धतियों का अनुसरण करती हैं। लिए गए मान उदाहरणात्मक हैं, निष्कर्ष नहीं।

डेटासेट और उद्गम

The data classes behind record provenance and what is recorded about each before it is used.

डेटा वर्गउद्गम दर्जविभेदन घोषितलाइसेंस जाँचा गया
उपग्रह इमेजरी, प्रकाशीय और रडारसंवेदक, प्रसंस्करण स्तर, अधिग्रहण तिथिपिक्सेल आकार और पुनरावलोकनप्रति दृश्य
पुनर्विश्लेषण और जलवायु मॉडल आउटपुटमॉडल, प्रयोग, सदस्य, संस्करणग्रिड और समय चरणप्रति रिलीज़
स्थल पर लगे सेंसर और गेजस्टेशन, उपकरण, अंशांकन रिकॉर्डबिंदु और नमूना दरप्रति नेटवर्क
जनसंख्या और परिसंपत्ति एक्सपोज़रपद्धति, संस्करण वर्ष, इनपुट स्रोतकोशिका आकार और इकाईप्रति रिलीज़
सीमाएँ और संदर्भ भूगोलनिर्माता, संस्करण, तिथिपैमानाप्रति संस्करण
वंशावली
स्रोत से चित्र तक W3C PROV अभिलेख
सिद्धांत
FAIR: खोजने योग्य, सुलभ, अंतर-संचालनीय, पुनः उपयोग योग्य
अंतराल
अनुपस्थित के रूप में दिखाया गया, कभी चुपचाप भरा नहीं गया
डेटा वर्ग और हर एक के लिए दर्ज उद्गम क्षेत्र; डेटासेट का नाम से उल्लेख तभी होता है जब उसका लाइसेंस उपयोग की अनुमति दे।
FAIR मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत · GO FAIR और FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web Consortiumअनिश्चितताओं के सुसंगत उपचार पर मार्गदर्शन · IPCCCEOS विश्लेषण-योग्य डेटा · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
05संकेतक

क्या मापा जाता है, और कितनी अच्छी तरह।

प्रत्येक संकेतक अपनी इकाई, आवृत्ति, उसके पीछे के स्रोत का प्रकार और वह साक्ष्य लेबल वहन करता है जो किसी मान पर होगा। कोई मान नहीं दिखाए जाते: कोई कार्यक्रम उन्हें अपने अधिकार के तहत प्रदान करता है।

संकेतकइकाईलयस्रोत प्रकारलेबल
Records with complete issuer, date and methodshare of recordsमासिकSchema validationप्रेक्षित
Lineage depth to a primary sourcenumber of derivation stepsper recordProvenance graphप्रेक्षित
Unresolved source referencesगणनासाप्ताहिकResolver checksप्रेक्षित
Transformations without a recorded agentगणनामासिकProvenance graph auditप्रेक्षित
Records with content hashes or signaturesshare of recordsमासिकIntegrity checkप्रेक्षित
Issuers with a persistent identifiershare of issuersत्रैमासिकIdentifier reconciliationप्रेक्षित
Provenance inferred rather than declaredshare of provenance statementsत्रैमासिकCuration reviewअनुमानित
06स्रोत

साक्ष्य कहाँ से आता है।

नामित सार्वजनिक डेटासेट और संस्थागत अभिलेख, प्रत्येक अपने लाइसेंस वर्ग के साथ। समझौते द्वारा प्राप्त स्रोतों का उपयोग केवल उनकी शर्तों के तहत होता है और कभी पुनः प्रकाशित नहीं किया जाता।

स्रोतयह क्या देता हैलाइसेंस वर्ग
W3C PROV-O and PROV-DMThe standard vocabulary of entities, activities and agents for expressing provenance graphsW3C document licence, free to implement
DataCite Metadata SchemaCreator, contributor, date, relation and related-identifier fields for research outputsCC0 for metadata
ROR (Research Organization Registry)Persistent identifiers for research organisations, with name variants, relationships and successionCC0, no restrictions
ORCID public data filePersistent identifiers for researchers, with linked works, affiliations and fundingCC0
GLEIF Legal Entity Identifier dataIdentifiers, legal names and parent relationships for legal entitiesCC0, no restrictions
PREMIS Data DictionaryPreservation metadata for events, agents and rights on digital objectsFree to use, maintained by the Library of Congress
RO-CrateA specification for packaging research data with its provenance in JSON-LDOpen specification, attribution
07निर्णय

कौन निर्णय लेता है, और साक्ष्य किसकी सेवा करता है।

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

निर्णय कौन लेता हैप्रश्नयह पृष्ठ जिस साक्ष्य की सेवा करता है
डेटा संरक्षकWhether a record’s lineage is complete enough to publish or must be held for curationProvenance completeness, unresolved references and transformations without a recorded agent
Journal and report editorsWhether a cited registry record can support a claim in a manuscriptIssuer identity, method, date and the depth of lineage to a primary source
अनुसंधान सत्यनिष्ठा अधिकारीWhether an assertion was altered, misattributed or fabricatedTime-stamped provenance graph, content hashes and the full edit history
National statistics officesWhether administrative or registry records can enter published statisticsSource lineage, method stability over time and documented transformations

इस विषय से उत्पन्न आउटपुट

  • Record views listing issuer, issue date, method and source references for each assertion
  • Provenance graphs tracing derived records back to their primary sources
  • A provenance completeness check applied to every record before publication
  • Method change notes marking where a field’s definition or instrument changed
08मूल प्रश्न

What provenance research asks.

  • What is the smallest set of facts that lets a reader judge a record’s origin?
  • How much lineage should be captured automatically, and how much asserted by people?
  • How can provenance survive when records are copied, transformed or merged?
  • How do we record a source that cannot be disclosed?
  • How can a lineage claim itself be verified rather than trusted?
09तंत्र

How lineage is lost.

Lineage is usually lost at boundaries: when a dataset is exported to a spreadsheet, when a figure is retyped into a report, when two sources are merged without recording which value came from where. Each step can be innocent, yet together they produce numbers whose origin no one can reconstruct. Archival science calls the related principle respect for provenance: records keep their link to the body that created them and to their original order.

Modern provenance models describe three kinds of thing: entities such as datasets and reports, activities such as a model run or a review, and agents such as people, institutions and software. The W3C PROV family of specifications expresses these relationships in a form machines can read, and the Registry’s lineage design is intended to follow it, as described on provenance and attribution.

10पद्धतियाँ और सीमाएँ

Capturing and checking lineage.

  1. 01

    Issuer and authority

    Each record names who issued it and under what authority, so a reader knows whose word it is.

  2. 02

    Activity records

    Transformations, model runs and reviews are recorded with their method version and date.

  3. 03

    Integrity checks

    Cryptographic hashes can show that a file has not changed since it was recorded, a technique from साइबर सुरक्षा और कूटलेखन.

  4. 04

    सीमाएँ

    Provenance shows where a record came from, not whether its content is right. Lineage is only as complete as the steps that were captured, and self-declared provenance can be false. Restricted sources can be named but not inspected.

11पद्धतियाँ

इसका अध्ययन कैसे होता है, और पद्धतियाँ क्या नहीं बता सकतीं।

  1. डेटा इंजीनियरिंग, अंतर-संचालनीयता और डेटा प्रबंधनस्कीमा-सत्यापित अंतर्ग्रहण · स्थायी पहचानकर्ता मिलान · पाइपलाइनों में वंशावली संग्रहयहाँ लागू
  2. साइबर सुरक्षा और क्रिप्टोग्राफ़ीछेड़छाड़-प्रकट अभिलेख इतिहास · हस्ताक्षरित निर्यात और विमोचन · संपादन मार्गों का ख़तरा मॉडलिंगयहाँ लागू
  3. डिजिटल पहचान और सार्वजनिक डिजिटल प्रणालियाँजारीकर्ता प्रमाणीकरण और अधिकार · व्यक्ति द्वारा योगदानकर्ता की असंदिग्ध पहचानयहाँ लागू
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

वे निकाय और दस्तावेज़ जिनके विरुद्ध यह पृष्ठ पढ़ा जाता है। स्थिति और संस्करण बदलते हैं; हर लिंक जारी करने वाले निकाय तक जाता है।

13प्रश्न

प्रश्न और उत्तर।

What is the difference between provenance and a source?
A source is one input. Provenance is the whole account: every input, the activities that transformed them, the agents responsible and the time at which each step happened.
What happens to records with incomplete provenance?
They are published with the gap stated, or held for curation, under the steward’s rules. Missing elements are shown as missing, never filled with a guess presented as fact.
Does a digital signature make a record true?
No. A signature binds content to a signer and shows whether it changed afterwards. Whether the content is correct depends on the method and sources behind it.
Why do issuers need persistent identifiers?
Because names are ambiguous and change over time. An identifier such as a ROR ID or ORCID iD keeps responsibility attached to the right organisation or person through mergers, renamings and moves.
Is provenance the same as citation?
No. A citation points to a source. Provenance records the full chain of production, including the methods and the people or systems involved.
What happens when a source is corrected?
Records that depend on it are identified through their lineage and reviewed. See correction and versioning.
Can provenance include restricted sources?
Yes. The record states that a restricted source was used, who holds it and why it cannot be shown, without revealing its content.
रिपोर्टयोगदान दें

इस पृष्ठ से साक्ष्य का योगदान करें।

रिपोर्ट is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIपंजीपद्धतियाँ और तकनीकी

व्यक्तिगत डेटा, संवेदनशील अवसंरचना का विवरण या ऐसी कोई भी सामग्री कभी न भेजें जिसे साझा करने का आपको अधिकार नहीं है। उपयोग से पहले योगदान की समीक्षा होती है; इसे भेजने से लेखकत्व या संपादकीय अधिकार नहीं मिलते, और प्रायोजन कभी किसी निष्कर्ष को नहीं खरीदता।

पंजी

कोई विधि, डेटासेट या प्रश्न लाएँ।

जानकारी और पूछताछ आज से खुली हैं। हर पूछताछ को एक संदर्भ मिलता है और अगला कदम बताया जाता है; आवेदन, भुगतान, कंप्यूट आवंटन और पंजीकरण तभी खुलते हैं जब उनकी टीम, शर्तें और समीक्षा क्षमता मौजूद हों।

विधिक

इस साइट पर मानचित्र, डेटा और आँकड़े संदर्भ और सामान्य जानकारी के लिए दिखाए जाते हैं। वे सलाह, पूर्वानुमान या चेतावनियाँ नहीं हैं; जानकारी की सीमाएँ अस्वीकरण और डेटा सूचनाओं में बताई गई हैं।

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