Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

8 min read0 figures7 tables15 notesNR-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE

Contents

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
Indicator	Value	Unit	Year	State	Source
Gross GHG emissions	6,343	Mt CO₂e	2022	Reported	¹
Net emissions against 2005	≈ −17	%	2022	Reported	¹
North American disaster losses	133	US$ billion	2025	Reported	²
Insured North American losses	93	US$ billion	2025	Reported	²
Los Angeles wildfires, overall	53	US$ billion	2025	Reported	²
Billion-dollar disasters	27	events	2024	Reported	¹⁵
Warming of the contiguous US since 1970	≈1.4	°C	to 2023	Reported	³
Population	340.1	million	2024	Reported	⁴
Data-centre share of electricity	4.4	%	2023	Reported	⁶
Projected data-centre share	6.7–12	%	2028	Scenario	⁶
Water withdrawals	322	bn gal/day	2015	Reported	⁷
Thermoelectric share of withdrawals	41	%	2015	Reported	⁷
Irrigation share of withdrawals	37	%	2015	Reported	⁷
Heat-related deaths	2,325	deaths	2023	Reported	⁹
Winter Storm Uri deaths, Texas	246	deaths	2021	Reported	¹⁶
Households food insecure	13.5	%	2023	Reported	¹¹
Animal species at risk	40	%	2023	Reported	¹⁰
Critical minerals listed	50	minerals	2022	Reported	¹²

Indicators, CSV Indicators, JSON

B.2National source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Table B.3National source register
Source	Category	Coverage	Period	Cadence	Role
GHG Inventory¹	national technical authority	national · state	1990–2022	annual	CLI · ENE
Fifth National Climate Assessment³	scientific assessment	national	to 2023	periodic	CLI
Population estimates⁴	national statistics	national · state	2024	annual	profile
Electricity statistics⁵	national statistics	national · state	monthly	monthly	ENE
Data-centre report⁶	national laboratory	national	2023	periodic	ENE
Water use⁷	national technical authority	national · state	2015	five-yearly	WAT
Heat mortality⁹	peer-reviewed	national	1999–2023	one-off	HLT
Food security¹¹	national statistics	national	2023	annual	FOO
Biodiversity in Focus¹⁰	civil society	national	2023	periodic	BIO
Billion-dollar disasters¹⁵	national technical authority	national	1980–2024	retired 2025	FIN
Catastrophe figures²	industry	regional	2025	annual	FIN
Insurance markets²¹	federal office	national · ZIP	2018–2022	one-off	FIN

Domains bound by the register

B.3Regional reading, the United States by climate region

Map plates for every state and territory follow in Q2 2027. This page gives the regional reading in table form, using the regions of the national climate assessment, and ranks no region.

Table B.4Regional reading, the United States by climate region
Region	Principal hazards	Systems most exposed	Baseline evidence
Northeast	heat, extreme rainfall, coastal flooding	cities, transit, health	NCA5³
Southeast	hurricanes, heat, inland flooding	power, housing, insurance	NCA5³
Midwest	floods, heat, drought	agriculture, rivers, rail	NCA5³
Great Plains	drought, hail, winter storms	agriculture, grid, aquifers	Uri 2021¹⁶
Southwest	drought, heat, wildfire	water, power, health	Colorado shortage⁸
Northwest	heat domes, wildfire, low snowpack	hydro, health, forests	NCA5³
Alaska	permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, wildfire	communities, infrastructure	NCA5³
Hawai‘i and Pacific islands	wildfire, drought, sea-level rise	water supply, communities	NCA5³
US Caribbean	hurricanes, flooding, heat	power, water, health	NCA5³

The leading compound pathway runs through the West: low snowpack, heat domes, wildfire smoke and grid peaks in the same summer, with insurance retreating at the fire edge.

WEST

Heat, water and fire

Winter Storm Uri showed how cold can fail power, gas and water together; the Plains also hold the depleting High Plains aquifer.

GREAT PLAINS AND SOUTH CENTRAL

Cold, drought and the grid

Warmer oceans bring heavier rain far inland, where flood-insurance take-up is low.

SOUTHEAST AND GULF

Hurricanes and inland flooding

B.4Atlas card, California

state
basin
grid region
wildland–urban interface

Systems in view: water, energy, health, insurance
Defining events: January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires, about US$53 billion in losses²; 2020 rotating outages; recurrent drought
Couplings: CLI → BIO → HLT smoke; CLI → FIN insurance; WAT → ENE hydro
Capability evidence: fire services and alerts used in real events; residual-market insurance under strain²¹
Gaps: insurance availability by area; grid margins under heat; groundwater
Agenda items: A-01 · A-02 · A-04

California holds the costliest wildfire disaster on record. Rising premiums and non-renewals in high-risk areas move losses onto households and public budgets [2] [21].

INSURANCE

Where cover retreats

Heat waves push demand to its peak as hydro output falls in dry years, as in the rotating outages of 2020.

ENERGY

Peak demand in heat

In drought, farms in the Central Valley lean on groundwater, deepening a depletion that shapes the next drought.

WATER

Groundwater as buffer

B.5United States system card

The card through which the United States appears in the North America regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5United States system card
System	Baseline state	Coupling to watch	Coverage
Water	ample in the East; Western shortage	drought into power, food and cities	PARTIAL
Energy	gas-led mix; growing new load	extremes and data centres	GOOD
Food	leading producer and exporter	aquifers and drought	GOOD
Health	record heat deaths	heat, smoke, storms	PARTIAL
Biodiversity	many species at risk	fire and land use	PARTIAL

The United States card sits beside those of Canada and Mexico; shared basins, grids, rail and supply chains are read as one regional system.

NORTH AMERICA REGIONAL EDITION

One regional system

American evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Same findings, same IDs

In the global edition the United States is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

Context

Archetype: high-income federal republic with a continental climate range
Population: 340.1 million (2024)⁴
Losses: largest recorded disaster losses in the world²
Energy: natural gas about 43% of electricity⁵

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
Material	Licence
Text	CC BY 4.0
Data	on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
Figures	Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Maps	boundary source and licence printed on each plate
Metadata	CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and text	The source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
Format	Kind	State	What it is	Identifier
Web edition	HTML	On this site	Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.	NR-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print edition	PDF	At release	A4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.	NR-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator data	CSV · JSON	On this site	18 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.	NR-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE data release v1
Figures	SVG · PNG	On this site	4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.	FIG-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE-*
Slides	PDF	Not recorded	No slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence brief	HTML · PDF	Not recorded	No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOI	DataCite	At release	Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack: The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut: NQ-USA-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility: sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check: 14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review: five passes scheduled before release
Publisher of record: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections: Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ed.), Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2022. EPA, Washington, DC, April 2024.back
2Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026.back
15NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (ed.), U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, 1980–2024. NOAA NCEI, Asheville, NC, January 2025.back
3A. R. Crimmins, C. W. Avery, D. R. Easterling, K. E. Kunkel, B. C. Stewart and T. K. Maycock (eds.), Fifth National Climate Assessment. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 2023.back
4U.S. Census Bureau (ed.), Vintage 2024 national population estimates. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, December 2024.back
6A. Shehabi, S. J. Smith, A. Hubbard et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, December 2024.back
7C. A. Dieter, M. A. Maupin, R. R. Caldwell et al., Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2015, Circular 1441. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 2018.back
9J. T. Howard, N. Androne, K. C. Alcover and A. R. Santos-Lozada, “Trends of heat-related deaths in the US, 1999–2023,” JAMA, vol. 332, no. 14, pp. 1203–1204, 2024.back
16Texas Department of State Health Services (ed.), February 2021 Winter Storm-Related Deaths, Texas. DSHS, Austin, TX, 2021.back
11USDA Economic Research Service (ed.), Household Food Security in the United States in 2023. USDA ERS, Washington, DC, December 2024.back
10NatureServe (ed.), Biodiversity in Focus: United States Edition. NatureServe, Arlington, VA, 2023.back
12U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), “2022 Final List of Critical Minerals.” Federal Register, vol. 87, 24 February 2022.back
5U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), “Electricity in the United States” and Electric Power Monthly. EIA, Washington, DC, retrieved 2026-09-30.back
21Federal Insurance Office (ed.), Analyses of U.S. Homeowners Insurance Markets, 2018–2022: Climate-Related Risks and Other Factors. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC, January 2025.back
8U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (ed.), “Reclamation announces 2022 operating conditions for Lake Powell and Lake Mead.” News release, Washington, DC, August 2021.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In United States Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of the United States’ Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-USA-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report