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Republic of Korea 2026

दक्षिण कोरिया

The Republic of Korea (대한민국) enters 2027 as a high-income economy of 51.68 million people and about US$1.87 trillion of output in 2025, with one of the lowest fertility rates in the world and an ageing society. Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, yet total fertility stood at 0.63 in Seoul and 1.09 in Jeonnam.

Read the editionसंकट जोखिम-संपर्क
निष्कर्ष
12
each with its status and source
Sectors with findings
5 of 6
Infrastructure not assessed
Risk objects
4
order carries no rank
स्रोत
45
Evidence close 30 September 2026

01 · Readings

Republic of Korea in six readings.

Six readings that frame the Republic of Korea baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.

  • 51.68millionpopulation, 2025 [2]
  • 1.87US$ trillionGDP, 2025 [2]
  • 36,624US$GNI per capita, 2024 [3]
  • 254,300birthslive births, 2025 [1]
  • 40%low-carbon electricity, 2025 [5]
  • Not boundprovincial structure and ageing share [20]

02 · Sectors

Six sectors, one hexagon.

Water first, then Energy, Infrastructure, Food, Health and Biodiversity. Each count is the findings of this edition in that sector: coverage of the evidence, never a score. Infrastructure is not assessed: the edition holds no Infrastructure finding and its coupling matrix does not assess it.

  1. WATजल1 finding

    Not bound Water supply and water-loss indicators, none. Not bound

    Supply, loss and drought indicators not bound; pipes and basins to be read in 2027.

  2. ENEऊर्जा1 finding

    40% Low-carbon share of electricity, 2025. रिपोर्ट किया गया

    Fossil fuels 60% of electricity in 2025; low-carbon 40%.

  3. INFअवसंरचनाnot assessed

    Dense urban networks; condition not bound at public-safe resolution.

  4. FOOखाद्य1 finding

    16.7 million t Cereal imports expected, marketing year 2026/27, 2026. रिपोर्ट किया गया

    Cereal imports of 16.7 million tonnes expected in 2026/27.

  5. HLTस्वास्थ्य3 findings

    0.63 births per woman Lowest regional total fertility rate, 2025. रिपोर्ट किया गया

    Births up 6.7% in 2025; fertility lowest in Seoul; ageing share not bound.

  6. BIOजैव विविधता1 finding

    Not bound Protected-area coverage, none. Not bound

    Protected-area coverage not bound.

Outside the six sectors: Climate forcing 2, Finance 1, SEI 1, Systemic 1.

03 · Hazard exposure

The hazards this edition reads.

The edition’s own risk objects, in its order, each read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and horizon. The hexagon marks the sectors the cascade reaches; the domain beside each is an editorial reading of its hazard words.

  • RSK-KOR-SEI-001

    Induced or natural earthquake near dense industry

    रिपोर्ट किया गयाEQL 3

    चालक
    natural or induced seismicity
    जोखिम-अनावरण
    industrial and urban areas
    भेद्यता
    not bound at public-safe resolution
    क्षमता
    not bound
    कैस्केड
    SEI → INF, ENE
    क्षितिज
    30 years

    ठोस पृथ्वी

  • RSK-KOR-CLI-002

    Heavy rain, typhoon and urban flooding

    Expert inputEQL 2

    चालक
    more intense rainfall and typhoons
    जोखिम-अनावरण
    dense cities and floodplains
    भेद्यता
    not bound
    क्षमता
    not bound
    कैस्केड
    CLI → WAT → INF, HLT
    क्षितिज
    वार्षिक

    वायुमंडल और मौसमजल प्रणालियाँ

  • RSK-KOR-HLT-003

    Heat and demographic change loading health and care

    Expert inputEQL 2

    चालक
    longer, hotter summers
    जोखिम-अनावरण
    older adults; outdoor workers
    भेद्यता
    ageing share not bound [20]
    क्षमता
    heat illness records not bound [16]
    कैस्केड
    CLI → HLT → ENE peak
    क्षितिज
    seasonal

    वायुमंडल और मौसम

  • RSK-KOR-ENE-004

    Fuel and gas supply disruption

    Expert inputEQL 2

    चालक
    shipping disruption or price spike
    जोखिम-अनावरण
    power, industry, households
    भेद्यता
    stock depth not bound [21]
    क्षमता
    not bound
    कैस्केड
    TRD → ENE → FOO, FIN
    क्षितिज
    1–5 years

    No domain reading

Scenario · SCN-KOR-HRT-01

Heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region

Under this scenario, results describe a conditional season under stated assumptions. It is not a forecast, and no intervention described here has been carried out.

4 of 12 findings name a hazard in their text. Show them

  1. 1CLI → ENEcooling demand lifts peak load
  2. 2CLI → HLTheat illness loads clinics and care settings
  3. 3CLI → WATheavy rain floods streets and basements
  4. 4WAT → INFtransport and power equipment are cut
  5. 5INF → HLTaccess to care falls for older residents
  6. 6HLT → populationrecovery load falls on the same services

04 · Couplings

How the sectors carry risk into each other.

The Republic of Korea matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core प्रणालियाँ. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.

Coupling matrix, from row to column
सेWATENEFOOHLTBIO
WAT·StrongStrongमध्यमStrong
ENEमध्यम·StrongStrongमध्यम
FOOमध्यमWeak·StrongStrong
HLTWeakWeakमध्यम·Weak
BIOStrongमध्यमStrongमध्यम·

Water: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Energy: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Food: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Health: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Biodiversity: 4 couplings out, 4 in. Infrastructure is not in the coupling matrix: none of the edition matrices types it, so it carries no value.

Cascade paths, in the edition’s order

  1. CLI → ENE → HLTa heat wave raises cooling demand and loads clinics and care at onceExpert input
  2. CLI → WAT → INFheavy rain floods dense urban areas and cuts transportExpert input
  3. SEI → INF → ENEan भूकंप or induced event near energy and industrial sitesरिपोर्ट किया गया
  4. TRD → ENE → FOOfuel and fertiliser price shocks pass into food costsExpert input
  5. TRD → FOOa grain price or shipping shock reaches feed and foodExpert input

05 · Findings

Every finding of Republic of Korea.

Search, filter by sector, system or status, and sort. The address bar keeps the view, so a filtered list can be shared. Every row opens the finding at its source.

All 12 findings

Findings of Republic of Korea
IDसंस्करणSector or systemस्थितिStatement
CLI-001दक्षिण कोरियाCLI Climate forcing रिपोर्ट किया गयाKorea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use, or 304 to 364 Mt CO₂e, in December 2025.
CLI-002दक्षिण कोरियाCLI Climate forcing रिपोर्ट किया गयाClimate Action Tracker projects 2030 emissions 11% to 19% below 2018 under current policies, excluding land use.
ENE-003दक्षिण कोरियाENE ऊर्जा रिपोर्ट किया गयाFossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity and low-carbon sources 40% in 2025; solar and wind supplied 7%.
FOO-004दक्षिण कोरियाFOO खाद्य रिपोर्ट किया गयाKorea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026/27, including 11.6 million tonnes of maize and 4.6 million tonnes of wheat.
HLT-005दक्षिण कोरियाHLT स्वास्थ्य रिपोर्ट किया गयाBirths rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, and mothers were 33.8 years old on average.
HLT-006दक्षिण कोरियाHLT स्वास्थ्य रिपोर्ट किया गयाTotal fertility in 2025 ranged from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam.
FIN-007दक्षिण कोरियाFIN वित्त रिपोर्ट किया गयाThe IMF projects growth of 2.6% and inflation of 2.5% for 2026.
SEI-008दक्षिण कोरियाSEI SEI रिपोर्ट किया गयाThe 2017 Pohang भूकंप (moment magnitude 5.5) has been analysed in peer-reviewed work as a possible case of induced seismicity.
WAT-009दक्षिण कोरियाWAT जल Not boundWater supply, water loss and drought indicators are not bound in this edition.
BIO-010दक्षिण कोरियाBIO जैव विविधता Not boundProtected-area coverage and ecosystem condition are not bound in this edition.
HLT-011दक्षिण कोरियाHLT स्वास्थ्य Not boundThe share of the population aged 65 or over and heat-illness counts are not bound in this edition.
SYS-012दक्षिण कोरियाSYS प्रणालीगत Expert inputThe leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a summer heat and heavy-rain sequence over a dense, ageing capital region that loads power, water, transport and care together.
The full ledger, without scripts

06 · Editions and calendar

The desks’ editions for Republic of Korea.

The desks’ editions for Republic of Korea
डेस्कसंस्करणस्थितिपहचानकर्ता
GCRI Systems EvidenceRepublic of Korea 2026Drafted, in stewardship reviewNR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
GRF Public DeliberationPublic Deliberation: Republic of Korea 2026तैयारी में
GRA Capital ReadinessCapital Readiness: Republic of Korea 2026तैयारी में
Standards ProgressNo edition in the 2026 Baseline cycleNot in this cycle
Academy CapabilityNo edition in the 2026 Baseline cycleNot in this cycle
Index MeasurementMeasurement: Republic of Korea 2026तैयारी में

Calendar · 2026 Baseline

  1. 01Call opensset by the editor
  2. 02Contribution closeset by the editor
  3. 03साक्ष्य समापन30 September 2026
  4. 04Desk review and releaseset by the editor
  5. 05Collection compilationset by the editor
  6. 06Collection releaseset by the editor
  7. 07सुधारafter release, as needed

Evidence cut NQ-KOR-2026-Q0-1. Next cycles: Q1 2027, Q2 2027, Q3 2027, Q4 2027; their dates are set by the editor.

07 · Take part

Read it, improve it, cite it.

सुधार लॉग

Versions and corrections
संस्करणतिथिस्थितिबदलावसूचना
NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0October 2026DRAFTBaseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,कोई नहीं
Data gaps3What the repository does not hold yet, and the source proposed for each
Data gaps and proposed sources
अंतरालShown here asProposed source
Exposure values per hazard (people, assets, hectares)the edition’s own risk objects, without valuesthe Index country profile once the Index releases values, risksindex.com/kor/
The NHS-1 hazard types and their assignment to this edition’s risk objectsan editorial reading of the hazard wordsthe NHS-1 type assignment through the Registry
Infrastructure in the coupling matrixInfrastructure marked not assessedan Infrastructure row and column in the edition matrix at the next cut
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रिपोर्ट is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) प्रणालियाँ साक्ष्य डेस्क के साथ है। इस विषय पर आप जो जानते हैं, वह अगले संस्करण में साक्ष्य, मामला या सुधार बन सकता है, आपके नाम से श्रेय के साथ, और यदि वह आपका अपना काम है तो CC BY 4.0 के अंतर्गत प्रकाशित। गलत डेस्क पर भेजा गया हो तो उसे अग्रेषित किया जाता है, अस्वीकार नहीं।

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