Reports · GCRI · Country profile
Republic of Korea 2026
韩国
The Republic of Korea (대한민국) enters 2027 as a high-income economy of 51.68 million people and about US$1.87 trillion of output in 2025, with one of the lowest fertility rates in the world and an ageing society. Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, yet total fertility stood at 0.63 in Seoul and 1.09 in Jeonnam.
- 发现
- 12
- each with its status and source
- Sectors with findings
- 5 of 6
- Infrastructure not assessed
- Risk objects
- 4
- order carries no rank
- 来源
- 45
- Evidence close 30 September 2026
01 · Readings
Republic of Korea in six readings.
Six readings that frame the Republic of Korea baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.
02 · Sectors
Six sectors, one hexagon.
Water first, then Energy, Infrastructure, Food, Health and Biodiversity. Each count is the findings of this edition in that sector: coverage of the evidence, never a score. Infrastructure is not assessed: the edition holds no Infrastructure finding and its coupling matrix does not assess it.
- WAT水1 finding
Not bound Water supply and water-loss indicators, none. ·Not bound
Supply, loss and drought indicators not bound; pipes and basins to be read in 2027.
- ENE能源1 finding
40% Low-carbon share of electricity, 2025. □报告值
Fossil fuels 60% of electricity in 2025; low-carbon 40%.
- INF基础设施not assessed
Dense urban networks; condition not bound at public-safe resolution.
- FOO食品1 finding
16.7 million t Cereal imports expected, marketing year 2026/27, 2026. □报告值
Cereal imports of 16.7 million tonnes expected in 2026/27.
- HLT卫生3 findings
0.63 births per woman Lowest regional total fertility rate, 2025. □报告值
Births up 6.7% in 2025; fertility lowest in Seoul; ageing share not bound.
- BIO生物多样性1 finding
Not bound Protected-area coverage, none. ·Not bound
Protected-area coverage not bound.
Outside the six sectors: Climate forcing 2, Finance 1, SEI 1, Systemic 1.
03 · Hazard exposure
The hazards this edition reads.
The edition’s own risk objects, in its order, each read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and horizon. The hexagon marks the sectors the cascade reaches; the domain beside each is an editorial reading of its hazard words.
RSK-KOR-SEI-001
Induced or natural earthquake near dense industry
□报告值EQL 3
- 驱动因素
- natural or induced seismicity
- 风险暴露
- industrial and urban areas
- 脆弱性
- not bound at public-safe resolution
- 能力
- not bound
- 级联
- SEI → INF, ENE
- 地平线
- 30 years
RSK-KOR-CLI-002
Heavy rain, typhoon and urban flooding
◎Expert inputEQL 2
- 驱动因素
- more intense rainfall and typhoons
- 风险暴露
- dense cities and floodplains
- 脆弱性
- not bound
- 能力
- not bound
- 级联
- CLI → WAT → INF, HLT
- 地平线
- 年度
RSK-KOR-HLT-003
Heat and demographic change loading health and care
◎Expert inputEQL 2
RSK-KOR-ENE-004
Fuel and gas supply disruption
◎Expert inputEQL 2
- 驱动因素
- shipping disruption or price spike
- 风险暴露
- power, industry, households
- 脆弱性
- stock depth not bound [21]
- 能力
- not bound
- 级联
- TRD → ENE → FOO, FIN
- 地平线
- 1–5 years
No domain reading
Scenario · SCN-KOR-HRT-01
Heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region
Under this scenario, results describe a conditional season under stated assumptions. It is not a forecast, and no intervention described here has been carried out.
4 of 12 findings name a hazard in their text. Show them
- 1CLI → ENEcooling demand lifts peak load
- 2CLI → HLTheat illness loads clinics and care settings
- 3CLI → WATheavy rain floods streets and basements
- 4WAT → INFtransport and power equipment are cut
- 5INF → HLTaccess to care falls for older residents
- 6HLT → populationrecovery load falls on the same services
04 · Couplings
How the sectors carry risk into each other.
The Republic of Korea matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core 系统. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.
| 从 | WAT | ENE | FOO | HLT | BIO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAT | · | Strong | Strong | 中等 | Strong |
| ENE | 中等 | · | Strong | Strong | 中等 |
| FOO | 中等 | Weak | · | Strong | Strong |
| HLT | Weak | Weak | 中等 | · | Weak |
| BIO | Strong | 中等 | Strong | 中等 | · |
Water: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Energy: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Food: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Health: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Biodiversity: 4 couplings out, 4 in. Infrastructure is not in the coupling matrix: none of the edition matrices types it, so it carries no value.
Cascade paths, in the edition’s order
- CLI → ENE → HLTa heat wave raises cooling demand and loads clinics and care at once◎Expert input
- CLI → WAT → INFheavy rain floods dense urban areas and cuts transport◎Expert input
- SEI → INF → ENEan 地震 or induced event near energy and industrial sites□报告值
- TRD → ENE → FOOfuel and fertiliser price shocks pass into food costs◎Expert input
- TRD → FOOa grain price or shipping shock reaches feed and food◎Expert input
05 · Findings
Every finding of Republic of Korea.
Search, filter by sector, system or status, and sort. The address bar keeps the view, so a filtered list can be shared. Every row opens the finding at its source.
All 12 findings
| ID | 版本 | Sector or system | 状态 | Statement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLI-001 | 韩国 | CLI Climate forcing | □ 报告值 | Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use, or 304 to 364 Mt CO₂e, in December 2025. |
| CLI-002 | 韩国 | CLI Climate forcing | □ 报告值 | Climate Action Tracker projects 2030 emissions 11% to 19% below 2018 under current policies, excluding land use. |
| ENE-003 | 韩国 | ENE 能源 | □ 报告值 | Fossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity and low-carbon sources 40% in 2025; solar and wind supplied 7%. |
| FOO-004 | 韩国 | FOO 食品 | □ 报告值 | Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026/27, including 11.6 million tonnes of maize and 4.6 million tonnes of wheat. |
| HLT-005 | 韩国 | HLT 卫生 | □ 报告值 | Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, and mothers were 33.8 years old on average. |
| HLT-006 | 韩国 | HLT 卫生 | □ 报告值 | Total fertility in 2025 ranged from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam. |
| FIN-007 | 韩国 | FIN 金融 | □ 报告值 | The IMF projects growth of 2.6% and inflation of 2.5% for 2026. |
| SEI-008 | 韩国 | SEI SEI | □ 报告值 | The 2017 Pohang 地震 (moment magnitude 5.5) has been analysed in peer-reviewed work as a possible case of induced seismicity. |
| WAT-009 | 韩国 | WAT 水 | · Not bound | Water supply, water loss and drought indicators are not bound in this edition. |
| BIO-010 | 韩国 | BIO 生物多样性 | · Not bound | Protected-area coverage and ecosystem condition are not bound in this edition. |
| HLT-011 | 韩国 | HLT 卫生 | · Not bound | The share of the population aged 65 or over and heat-illness counts are not bound in this edition. |
| SYS-012 | 韩国 | SYS 系统性 | ◎ Expert input | The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a summer heat and heavy-rain sequence over a dense, ageing capital region that loads power, water, transport and care together. |
06 · Editions and calendar
The desks’ editions for Republic of Korea.
| 办事处 | 版本 | 状态 | 标识符 |
|---|---|---|---|
| GCRI Systems Evidence | Republic of Korea 2026 | Drafted, in stewardship review | NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 |
| GRF Public Deliberation | Public Deliberation: Republic of Korea 2026 | 筹备中 | |
| GRA Capital Readiness | Capital Readiness: Republic of Korea 2026 | 筹备中 | |
| Standards Progress | No edition in the 2026 Baseline cycle | Not in this cycle | |
| Academy Capability | No edition in the 2026 Baseline cycle | Not in this cycle | |
| Index Measurement | Measurement: Republic of Korea 2026 | 筹备中 |
Calendar · 2026 Baseline
- 01Call opensset by the editor
- 02Contribution closeset by the editor
- 03证据截止30 September 2026
- 04Desk review and releaseset by the editor
- 05Collection compilationset by the editor
- 06Collection releaseset by the editor
- 07更正after release, as needed
Evidence cut NQ-KOR-2026-Q0-1. Next cycles: Q1 2027, Q2 2027, Q3 2027, Q4 2027; their dates are set by the editor.
07 · Take part
Read it, improve it, cite it.
- 阅读The edition, chapter by chapter, with every source.
- 贡献Send evidence, a source or a method before the next cut.
- 审核Join the stewardship review of this edition.
- CiteAPA, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS and the house style, as a draft.
- PDFThe signed PDF is issued at release; print the complete edition today.
更正记录
| 版本 | 日期 | 状态 | 变化 | 通知 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 | October 2026 | DRAFT | Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition, | 无 |
Data gaps3What the repository does not hold yet, and the source proposed for each
| 差距 | Shown here as | Proposed source |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure values per hazard (people, assets, hectares) | the edition’s own risk objects, without values | the Index country profile once the Index releases values, risksindex.com/kor/ |
| The NHS-1 hazard types and their assignment to this edition’s risk objects | an editorial reading of the hazard words | the NHS-1 type assignment through the Registry |
| Infrastructure in the coupling matrix | Infrastructure marked not assessed | an Infrastructure row and column in the edition matrix at the next cut |
Send evidence or a correction on Republic of Korea.
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