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GCRI · 生物技术与生物安全

农业生物技术

Agricultural biotechnology applies biological tools to crops, livestock, soils and food processing: improved varieties, disease diagnostics, biological pest control and microbial products for soils. It can help agriculture adapt to 气候变化 and reduce chemical inputs, while raising questions about environmental effects, equity and governance. This topic, studied at Biotechnology and Biosecurity, a platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), examines those applications and their effects across food 系统.

01核心问题

专家提出的问题。

  • How do gene-edited and conventionally bred crops differ in their risks and regulation?
  • What are the environmental effects of biotechnology in agriculture, positive and negative?
  • How do plant and animal diseases spread through food 系统, and how can biotechnology help detect them?
  • Who benefits from agricultural biotechnology, and how do intellectual property and access shape this?
  • How are new agricultural products assessed before use?
02地理

Growing conditions in West Africa.

Crop greenness, root-zone soil moisture and plant growth over West Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.

交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

生长条件,针对本页

关于本图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
MODIS Terra NDVI(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星指数;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-13
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
截至所示日期 8 天的卫星绿度指数;是作物和牧草状况的指标,不是产量估算,也不是粮食安全预警。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成
来源
SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)
提供方
NASA NSIDC DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;同化了卫星数据的模型
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-11
处理结果
约 2 公里网格
不确定性
同化了卫星数据的模型。按提供方发布形式呈现的卫星或模型栅格。云层、扫描带间隙和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值为指示值,而非某一地点的实测值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成(GIBS 发布的最新 8 天时段)
来源
MODIS Aqua GPP(MYD17)(NASA LP DAAC)
提供方
NASA LP DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
8 天;卫星驱动模型;GIBS 发布的最新 8 天时段
构建时的最新内容
2026-09-30
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示 8 天期间植物吸收碳量的模型估算;是生长指标,而非收获量或产量。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星图像
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成(GIBS 发布的最新年份)
来源
MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1)(NASA LP DAAC)
提供方
NASA LP DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每年;卫星分类;GIBS 发布的最新年份
构建时的最新内容
2024-01-01
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别,含农田;该分类存在已知误差,并非农场登记册。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(持续云层仍会造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3,8 天(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
8 天;卫星 8 天合成;持续云层仍会造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-09-14
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
截至所示日期的 8 天内地表的卫星皮肤温度,是高温风险暴露指标;不是气温、热指数,也不是高温预警。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。

Growing conditions, framed on West Africa.NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。

数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • MODIS 陆地产品(植被指数、总初级生产力、土地覆盖),NASA LP DAAC 和 LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • SMAP Level 4 土壤湿度和雪量,NASA 全球建模与同化办公室;由 NASA 国家冰雪数据中心 DAAC 分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 河流流量预报,30天及区间(GloFAS,经Open-Meteo):包含经修改的Copernicus Emergency Management Service 2026年信息;非洪水警报。
  • 过去一年的每日气温(ERA5,经由 Open-Meteo):包含经修改的 Copernicus 气候变化服务 2026 年信息。
  • 过去一年的每日气温和日照(NASA POWER):这些数据来自 NASA 兰利研究中心(LaRC)POWER 项目,该项目由 NASA 地球科学/应用科学计划资助。
  • 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
  • Optional layers (13 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

图层与日期

  • 植被绿度(NDVI),滚动 8 天:MODIS Terra NDVI,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 根区土壤湿度,0 至 100 cm:SMAP Level 4,NASA NSIDC DAAC · 2026年10月11日
  • 总初级生产力,8 天总量:MODIS Aqua GPP(MYD17),NASA LP DAAC · 2026年9月30日
  • 真彩色:VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 土地覆盖类型(IGBP),年度:MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1),NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • 地表温度,日间,8 天合成:VIIRS NOAA-20 3 级产品,8 天,NASA LANCE · 2026年9月14日

03跨领域

Agricultural biotechnology couples food, nature and health.

Findings are designed for the 指数级技术系列. The Cartagena Protocol and the Codex principles of 2003 frame biosafety and food safety assessment; national authorities decide.

  • Field outcome studies.
  • Biosafety decision records.
04监测

监督与能力登记册。

团队跟踪该主题时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。

监督与能力登记册

Agricultural biotechnology · National committee · Review year 2

  • 设有委员会的机构,%
    65关注
  • 已培训员工,%
    71正常
  • 已完成审查
    65今年
  • 已提交的事件报告
    9信息
仅限能力建设与监督GCRI · 生物技术与生物安全

机构监督

A 机构活跃Q188当前
研究园区活跃Q287审计到期
生物制造场所组建中无59支持
诊断网络活跃Q386当前

范围说明

涵盖
治理、培训、审查能力
不包括
技术方法与智能体
权限
国家监督机构
标签
SURVEY
Oversight and capacity register: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Agricultural biotechnology.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。
05机制

驱动因素与动态。

Plant and animal breeding have long relied on genetic variation; biotechnology adds tools to create and select it more precisely. Applications include drought and disease tolerance, improved nutrition and reduced post-harvest losses. Biological pest control and soil microbial products offer alternatives to some chemical inputs. Diagnostics help detect crop and livestock diseases early, limiting spread.

Environmental effects depend on the trait, the farming system and the landscape: effects on non-target species, gene flow to wild relatives, and changes in pesticide use have all been studied. Social effects depend on access, ownership and the structure of seed and input markets. Regulatory approaches differ widely between jurisdictions, which affects trade in seeds, grain and food products and the speed at which new varieties reach farmers. Food 系统 are studied at Food Nexus and ecosystems at Biodiversity Nexus.

06模拟器

冲击在投入产出经济中的传播。

A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows West Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.

控制措施

最先受冲击的部门(在列表中的位置)
0
冲击规模
其产出的 30%
冲击持续时间
30 days
恢复速率
每天 0.08
模拟天数
180 days

读数

运行期间损失的产出
0.74% of a year’s output
总量与直接量之比(乘数)
1.83 times
受影响最大的其他部门
Wholesale and retail
其峰值不可运行性
3.3%
数字、方法与来源
部门峰值不可运行性(%)产出权重(%)
Farming33.3116.1
Fertiliser and inputs2.6620.4
食品加工0.5916.2
交通1.7418.4
Wholesale and retail3.3415.7
能源0.2113.2

方法

  1. 投入产出分析 Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press
  2. 不可运行性投入产出模型 Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7
  3. 动态不可运行性与恢复 Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9
  4. 不确定性扇形图(参数蒙特卡罗) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. 单因素敏感性(龙卷风图) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

数据

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • 海港 Natural Earth
  • 海上咽喉要道 Nexus(按公布坐标标注的指定海峡和运河)
  • 铁路 Natural Earth
  • 主要道路 Natural Earth
冲击在投入产出经济中的传导。示意性教学模型:它依据控件设定的数值运行,而非实测数据。方法:Input-output analysis (Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press);Inoperability input-output model (Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7);Dynamic inoperability and recovery (Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9)。
07方法与局限

How it is studied.

  1. 01

    Field and environmental studies

    Controlled trials and monitoring, drawing on 农业、土壤与食品科学, measure agronomic and ecological effects.

  2. 02

    风险评估

    Comparative frameworks assess new products against conventional counterparts.

  3. 03

    Socio-economic analysis

    Studies examine adoption, incomes, access and market structure.

  4. 04

    局限

    Long-term and landscape-scale effects are hard to observe, results vary by context, and studies differ in independence and design.

08孪生与级联模拟器

Model agricultural biotechnology as a system. Run the cascade.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 生物危害标准: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

控制措施

  • NS-0 章程与原则
  • NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)
  • NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)
  • NRS-H41 Hazard family: Animal-to-human spillover (NHS-1 health.zoonotic)
  • NRS-H44 危害类别:植物病害与虫害(NHS-1 health.plant-health)
  • NRS-H43 危害族:畜牧业和水产养殖动物疫病(NHS-1 health.animal-health)
  • NRS-H35 危害类别:空气传播和呼吸道感染(NHS-1 health.respiratory)
  • NRS-H40 危害类别:血源性和性传播感染(NHS-1 health.bloodborne)
  • NRS-H60 危害类别:供应链与流动中断(NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)

观测

  • WHO Disease Outbreak News (listed for reference)
  • WAHIS animal health events (listed for reference)
  • GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)
  • 《国际卫生条例》 capacity and health emergency preparedness
  • Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

示例地理范围

  • West Africa: 59 hexagonal cells
  • 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
09决定

What it informs and who decides.

This evidence informs regulatory decisions on new varieties and products, agricultural research priorities and plant and animal health surveillance. National regulators, agricultural ministries, farmers and research institutions decide. Governance of food 系统 and nature is convened by Climate and Nature Governance at The Global Risks Forum (GRF). Related topics are "同一健康"影响, synthetic biology and biomanufacturing; methods sit on agricultural, soil and food science and biotechnology platforms.

Published analysis on this topic is designed to carry a named subject reviewer, its references and the views of independent specialists, including biosafety professionals and those who disagree.

10部门特征

The sector signature of agricultural biotechnology.

The sectors agricultural biotechnology touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.

选择角点 · 悬停连线6 / 15 项关系

签名

粮食及其合作伙伴

粮食为健康提供营养(0.7),对生物多样性带来土地转换(0.6),对水带来取水和径流(0.3)。

W · E · I · F · H · B

部门
4 共 6
关系
6 共 15
耦合
0.46 占总量份额

当前最强的关系

  • 粮食 → 生物多样性 · 土地转换0.6
  • 水 → 粮食 · 灌溉0.8
  • 水 → 生物多样性 · 生态流量0.6
  • 粮食 → 健康 · 营养0.7
典型城市区域的教学数值,不是任何地点的测量值。耦合是所涉关系强度的总和,以全部十五种关系的占比表示。
11来源

Where this page’s references lead.

阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。

12方法与证据

How agricultural biotechnology is modelled, measured and tested.

模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。

不确定性区间

How far the outlook for agricultural biotechnology could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.

现在+5+10+15+20+25+30 y高低很可能区间可能区间
中心估计值
集合的中位数
范围
IPCC 校准用语中的“可能”和“很可能”
集合
明示成员、情景和初始条件
配合阅读
结果对每项输入的敏感性
示意性的指数尺度集合离散度;形式遵循 IPCC 不确定性指南。并非预测。
FAIR 指导原则 · GO FAIR 和 FORCE11W3C PROV · 万维网联盟关于一致处理不确定性的指南 · IPCCCEOS 分析就绪数据 · 地球观测卫星委员会
13问题

问题与解答。

Is gene editing regulated the same way as genetic modification?
It depends on the jurisdiction. Some regulate products by their characteristics, others by the process used to make them.
Does the platform take a position for or against biotechnology in farming?
No. It studies effects and evidence, with uncertainty stated, for decision-makers to weigh.
How does biotechnology help with plant and animal disease?
Through faster diagnostics, surveillance tools and resistant varieties, alongside conventional disease management.
由谁审查该主题的覆盖范围?
Published analysis is designed to be reviewed by a named subject reviewer with relevant expertise, to cite its references and to include independent specialist voices. Where specialists disagree, the disagreement is reported rather than resolved by omission.
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRI生物技术与生物安全指数级技术证据简报
生物技术与生物安全

带来一种方法、一个数据集或一个问题。

信息和咨询现已开放。每项咨询都会获得一个编号,并告知下一步;申请、付款、算力分配和注册只有在相应团队、条款和审查能力就绪时才会开放。