Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

9 min read0 figures7 tables21 notesNR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE

Contents

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
Indicator	Value	Unit	Year	State	Source
GHG emissions excl. land use	15,536	Mt CO₂e	2024	Reported	⁹
Change since 2023	+0.8	%	2024	Estimated	⁹
Coal share of electricity	54.8	%	2025	Reported	⁴
Wind and solar share of electricity	21.9	%	2025	Reported	⁴
Electricity generation	10,506	TWh	2025	Reported	⁴
Coal share of energy consumption	51.4	%	2025	Reported	¹
Wind capacity	640.01	GW	2025	Reported	¹
Solar capacity	1,201.73	GW	2025	Reported	¹
Mean temperature	10.9	°C	2025	Reported	³
Average hot days	16.5	days	2025	Reported	³
Meteorological disasters, dead or missing	628	people	2025	Reported	³
Meteorological disasters, direct loss	231.78	billion yuan	2025	Reported	³
Grain output	714.88	million t	2025	Reported	¹
Population	1,404.89	million	2025	Reported	¹
Aged 65 or over	15.9	%	2025	Reported	¹
Renewable freshwater per person	1,992	m³	2022	Reported	⁸
Protected land	15.6	%	2025	Reported	⁷
Protected territorial waters	4.8	%	2025	Reported	⁷
Net emissions with land use, latest year	Not bound	Mt CO₂e	n/a	NOT BOUND	¹⁸
National water use by basin	Not bound	billion m³	n/a	NOT BOUND	¹⁷
Soybean imports	Not bound	million t	n/a	NOT BOUND	²⁰
Heat deaths and illness	Not bound	cases	n/a	NOT BOUND	²¹
Insured share of disaster losses	Not bound	%	n/a	NOT BOUND	²³

Indicators, CSV Indicators, JSON

B.2National source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

Table B.3National source register
Source	Category	Coverage	Period	Cadence	Role
Statistical communique 2025¹	national statistics	national	2025	annual	FOO · ENE · HLT
Population sample survey²	national statistics	national	Nov 2025	periodic	HLT
Climate bulletin³	national technical authority	national	2025	annual	CLI
Electricity data⁴	independent data provider	national	2025	annual	ENE
World Bank indicators⁵⁶⁷⁸¹⁰	international organisation	national	2022 to 2025	annual	profile · WAT · BIO
EDGAR emissions⁹	European Commission JRC	national	2024	annual	CLI
FAO crop brief¹¹	UN agency	national	2026	periodic	FOO
2035 contribution¹²¹³	government submission	national	2025	periodic	CLI · ENE
Henan investigation¹⁴	government	regional	2021 to 2022	per event	WAT
Dingri earthquake report¹⁵	press agency report	regional	2025	per event	SEI
Ministry series¹⁶ to²³	ministries and regulators	national	not retrieved	annual	gaps

B.3Regional reading, China by province

Map plates for every province follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.

Selected regional figures³¹⁴

31of 31

provincial-level units warmer than normal, 2025

11units

with record annual temperature, 2025

380of 398

Henan flood deaths and missing in Zhengzhou, 2021

418incidents

river dangers reported in Zhengzhou, 2021

Table B.4Regional reading, China by province
Region	Principal hazards	Systems most exposed	Baseline evidence
North China	heavy rain and river floods; record rainy season in 2025	water, food, power	Haihe basin 2025³
Northeast China	summer downpours with record totals in places	grain	summer 2025³
Middle and lower Yangtze	record annual temperature; rainfall below normal in 2025	power, water, health	summer 2025³
South China	typhoons; autumn typhoons frequent in 2025	ports, coastal cities	typhoon season 2025³
Southwest China	earthquakes and landslides on the plateau and its edge	roads, settlements	Dingri 2025¹⁵
Northwest China	dust processes in spring; arid basins	water, agriculture	spring 2025³

B.4Atlas card, Henan Province

province
central plain
dense population
river floods

Systems in view: roads, underground transport, rivers, reservoirs, health
Defining event: extreme rain of 17 to 23 July 2021 with 398 dead or missing and 14.786 million affected¹⁴
Couplings: CLI → WAT → INF; INF → HLT
Capability evidence: red rainstorm warnings issued; response gaps documented¹⁴
Gaps: restoration times; reservoir and levee condition; recovery
Agenda items: A-01 · A-05

The Zhengzhou national station recorded 201.9 mm between 16:00 and 17:00 on 20 July 2021, and 624.1 mm in the day [14].

RAIN

One hour, 201.9 mm

The investigation counts 14 deaths in a metro train, with 953 people evacuated, and 6 deaths in a road tunnel [14].

TRANSPORT

Underground and tunnel deaths

NOT BOUND. Source: Henan provincial utility restoration records. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.

LIFELINES

Restoration of water and power

B.5China system card

The card through which China appears in the East Asia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5China system card
System	Baseline state	Coupling to watch	Coverage
Water	about 1,990 m³ per person; floods	flood into lifelines	PARTIAL
Energy	coal 54.8%; wind and solar 21.9%	peak demand	GOOD
Food	grain 714.88 million t	weather and import shocks	GOOD
Health	ageing; heat	heat and disaster load	PARTIAL
Biodiversity	protected land 15.6%	condition not bound	THIN

Context

Archetype: Nexus reading: populous, coal-led, ageing economy with a very wide climatic range
Population: 1,404.89 million (2025)¹
Energy: coal 54.8% of electricity (2025)⁴
Hazard: direct loss 231.78 billion yuan from meteorological disasters (2025)³

China’s card sits beside its neighbours’; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.

EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION

One regional system

Chinese evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Same findings, same IDs

In the global edition China is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
Material	Licence
Text	CC BY 4.0
Data	on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
Figures	Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Maps	boundary source and licence printed on each plate
Metadata	CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and text	The source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
Format	Kind	State	What it is	Identifier
Web edition	HTML	On this site	Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.	NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print edition	PDF	At release	A4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.	NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator data	CSV · JSON	On this site	23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.	NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE data release v1
Figures	SVG · PNG	On this site	4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.	FIG-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-*
Slides	PDF	Not recorded	No slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence brief	HTML · PDF	Not recorded	No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOI	DataCite	At release	Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack: The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut: NQ-CHN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility: sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check: 14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review: five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record: The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections: Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

9World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.back
4Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.back
1National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.back
3National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.back
8World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, FWDM, FWIN), from FAO AQUASTAT. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2022.back
7World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.back
18Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (ed.), national greenhouse gas inventory submitted to the UNFCCC (latest biennial report). MEE, Beijing, not opened 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back
17Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin. MWR, Beijing, retrieval blocked 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back
20General Administration of Customs of China (ed.), import and export statistics for soybeans and feed. GACC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back
21National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back
23National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back
2National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Communiqué of the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2025. NBS, Beijing, 22 May 2026. Observation date 1 November 2025.back
5World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) and Population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.back
6World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN) and Mortality rate, infant (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.back
10World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.back
11Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.back
12Government of China (ed.), China’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.back
13Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.back
14Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the “7·20” Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.back
15Science and Technology Daily (ed.), “Dingri County earthquake has killed 126 people and injured 188 (西藏定日县地震已致126人遇难、188人受伤).” Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025.back
16Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (全国自然灾害情况), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In China Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of China’s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

Name	Purpose	Duration	Party
`wordpress_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	Until you sign out	First party
`wordpress_logged_in_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	Until you sign out, or 14 days	First party
`wordpress_sec_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	Until you sign out, or 14 days	First party
`wordpress_test_cookie`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	Session	First party
`wp-settings-*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	1 year	First party
`wp-postpass_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	10 days	First party
`comment_author_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryThis site	About 347 days	First party
`wpEmojiSettingsSupports`browser storage	Strictly necessaryThis site	Session	First party
`nexus_consent`cookie	Strictly necessaryPrivacy choices	180 days	First party
`nexus_consent_id`cookie	Strictly necessaryPrivacy choices	180 days	First party
`nexus_consent_reset`cookie	Strictly necessaryPrivacy choices	Session	First party
`wp_consent_*`cookie	Strictly necessaryPrivacy choices	180 days	First party
`nexus_consent`browser storage	Strictly necessaryPrivacy choices	180 days	First party
`nx_theme`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`nexus.theme.default`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`bx-color-mode`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`bx-color-mode-against`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`nexus.embed.theme`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`buddyx_dark_mode`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`buddyx_color_mode_against`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`nexus.a11y`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`nexus.dock`browser storage	Preferences and functionalDisplay preferences	Until you change it	First party
`bp-activity`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
`bp-groups`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
`bp-members`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
`bp-blogs`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
`bp-messages`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party

Data appendix

B.1The indicator set

B.2National source register

Domains bound by the register

B.3Regional reading, China by province

Selected regional figures³¹⁴

B.4Atlas card, Henan Province

RAIN

TRANSPORT

LIFELINES

B.5China system card

Context

EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

B.6Licences

B.7Formats and provenance

Provenance

Notes

Cite this annex

Send evidence or a correction on China.

Not for profit

Who funds us

Independence

Licence

B.1The indicator set

B.2National source register

Domains bound by the register

B.3Regional reading, China by province

Selected regional figures314

B.4Atlas card, Henan Province

RAIN

TRANSPORT

LIFELINES

B.5China system card

Context

EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

B.6Licences

B.7Formats and provenance

Provenance

Notes

Cite this annex

Send evidence or a correction on China.

Not for profit

Who funds us

Independence

Licence

Selected regional figures³¹⁴