Reports · GCRI · Established
Climate and hazards · Disaster and crisis
Reports 中的气候与灾害
Physical climate risks, weather extremes and hazard interactions grounded in observed and modelled evidence. This page shows the series it feeds, the evidence behind it and how to contribute.
- 系列
- 3
- 系统
- 4
- 方法
- 10
01In brief
What this area brings to the editions.
Physical climate risks, weather extremes and hazard interactions grounded in observed and modelled evidence.
02领域
Climate and Hazards on the map.
交互式地图需要JavaScript；图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
本页的气候信号
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测（持续云层仍会造成缺口）
- 来源
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3，8 天（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 8 天；卫星 8 天合成；持续云层仍会造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-09-14
- 处理结果
- 约 1 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 截至所示日期的 8 天内地表的卫星皮肤温度，是高温风险暴露指标；不是气温、热指数，也不是高温预警。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- GPM IMERG（NASA GES DISC）
- 提供方
- NASA GES DISC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；近实时卫星估算
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-12
- 处理结果
- 约 2 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 近实时卫星估算。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- 世界网格化人口 v4.11（NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN））
- 提供方
- NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN）
- 许可协议
- CC BY 4.0
- 年份版本
- 静态产品；基于人口普查的估算，静态（2020 年）
- 处理结果
- 约 1 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算，作为风险暴露背景展示；不是受任何危害影响的人数。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测
- 来源
- VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星图像
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 处理结果
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测（云层造成缺口）
- 来源
- VIIRS 全球洪水产品（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星探测；云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 处理结果
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星探测；云层造成缺口。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许实时地图后访问
键盘操作，地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放；悬停可查看指针下的数值；重置可返回该区域。
气候信号，以全球为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品，各带自己的日期。它们是指标，而非对任何地点的评估。
数据：NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT · NASA AIRS
来源与许可
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS近实时产品（洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率），NASA LANCE；影像来自NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色图重绘；在显示处数值按H3单元取平均（已修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- GPM IMERG 降水，NASA 降水处理系统；由 NASA 戈达德地球科学数据与信息服务中心（GES DISC）分发；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)。采用CC BY 4.0许可。颜色依据已发布的色图重绘；在显示处数值按H3单元取平均（已修改）。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品（ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003，NASA LP DAAC）；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。引用格式：NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
- 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据，见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)，经由 NASA GIBS 提供（海岸线、边界、道路和地名）。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 ODbL
- Blue Marble，NASA Earth Observatory；影像经由 NASA GIBS 提供。颜色依据已发布的色表重绘；所示之处的数值已平均到 H3 单元中（有修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息：海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层（OpenStreetMap 数据，ODbL，© OpenStreetMap contributors）；Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图；3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数（5 m 至 200 m 分级，为便于辨识而作了夸张处理）。边界按已发布的样式绘制，不代表对任何领土的立场。
- 地球仪：MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1，BSD-3-Clause，© MapLibre贡献者。
- 实时事件：NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker（EONET）；事件仅供参考，并保留其原始来源链接。
- 实时：NASA EONET。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Observed (EO): NASA AIRS. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 空气质量预报，5 天，PM2.5（CAMS，经由 Open-Meteo）：包含经修改的 Copernicus 大气监测服务 2026 年信息。
- 过去一年的每日气温（ERA5，经由 Open-Meteo）：包含经修改的 Copernicus 气候变化服务 2026 年信息。
- 过去一年的每日气温和日照（NASA POWER）：这些数据来自 NASA 兰利研究中心（LaRC）POWER 项目，该项目由 NASA 地球科学/应用科学计划资助。
- 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
- 可选图层（图层列表中有 23 个来源：实时、预报、观测和背景）在开启时会在地图上和此处注明其提供方；预报是模型输出，派生指数是估算值。
图层与日期
- 地表温度，日间，8 天合成：VIIRS NOAA-20 3 级产品，8 天，NASA LANCE · 2026年9月14日
- 降水率，日均值：GPM IMERG，NASA GES DISC · 2026年10月12日
- 人口密度，2020 年：人口：哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN，世界网格化人口 v4.11（2018），NASA SEDAC， CC BY 4.0 · 静态
- 真彩色：VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
- 海面温度距平：GHRSST MUR25，NASA JPL PO.DAAC · 2026年10月12日
- 洪水水体，3 日合成：VIIRS 全球洪水产品，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
03In the editions
9 findings of the drafted editions that bear on Climate and Hazards.
Drawn from the Baseline Edition 2026 drafts through the 系统 this area reads. Each opens at its anchor in its edition, with its numbered sources.
- ARE阿拉伯联合酋长国Net greenhouse-gas emissions were 195.2 Mt CO₂e in 2022 including land use, 0.8% below 2019; energy gave 164.1 Mt, industrial processes 29.6 Mt and waste 5.6 Mt, and land use removed 6.6 Mt.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARE-CLI-001
- ARG阿根廷The national inventory reports 400.9 MtCO₂e including land use for 2022, and 377.8 MtCO₂e net on the climate-contribution basis.REPORTED · COUNTRY-ARG-CLI-001
- AU非洲联盟GDP was USD 2.21 trillion in 2025 and grew 4.1%, with GDP per person of USD 1,673 in current terms.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AU-FIN-009
- AUS澳大利亚Greenhouse-gas emissions excluding land use were 591.5 Mt CO₂e in 2024, against 605.2 Mt in 2019 and 579.5 Mt in 2020.REPORTED · COUNTRY-AUS-CLI-001
- BRA巴西Gross greenhouse-gas emissions fell 16.7% in 2024 to 2,145 Mt CO₂e, led by lower land-use change; net emissions were 1.49 Gt CO₂e. SEEG is a civil-society estimate, not the official inventory.REPORTED · COUNTRY-BRA-CLI-001
- CHE瑞士Greenhouse-gas emissions were 40.1 MtCO₂e in 2024, 27.3% below 1990 and 22.3% below when land use is included; transport emitted 13.4 MtCO₂e and international aviation and maritime a further 5.5 MtCO₂e outside the 2030 target.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHE-CLI-001
- CHN中国The national mean temperature was 10.9 °C in 2025, 1.0 °C above the 1991 to 2020 normal and tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951; hot days averaged 16.5, the most since 1961.REPORTED · COUNTRY-CHN-CLI-001
- EU欧洲联盟Net domestic greenhouse-gas emissions were 40% below 1990 in 2024 and 3% below 2023; on the 2030 target basis the cut was 37%.REPORTED · COUNTRY-EU-CLI-001
- GS-02全球能源Energy-related CO2 emissions rose about 0.4% in 2025 to a record of more than 38 Gt.REPORTED · SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-CLI-004
04Evidence path
From Foundry evidence to the series.
The evidence, step by step, from the 系统 this area reads to the series it feeds.
How Climate and Hazards reaches 报告: what it reads, how it reads it, the sealed cut and the series it feeds.
| 步骤 | 发生的事项 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 01 What it reads | Climate and Hazards reads NXS-EOP（地球观测与数字孪生） 与 NXS-EWS（多重危害监测与预警）: governed sources with their releases, never a value without its source. | |
| 02 How it reads them | Climate and atmospheric science and Earth and geophysical science turn the evidence into findings, with assumptions and limits stated beside each value. | |
| 03 The cut is sealed | Each quarter the evidence is sealed in one cut, so OBSERVED, REPORTED and ESTIMATED values stay apart and every edition can be rebuilt. | |
| 04 The series it feeds | The cut feeds Global Systems Risk and Resilience and Observatory Signal, from the Baseline Edition 2026 into the quarterly series. | |
| 05 Who decides | Decisions stay with the authorities that hold them, under their own rules; an edition informs a decision and never makes it. |
A teaching model of the evidence path, not a forecast and not a record of any run; the systems, methods and series named come from the registries. Sources: Reports 中的气候与灾害 (2026); Climate and Hazards home (2026).
05系列
The series it feeds, and what backs each.
| 系列 | Foundry systems it draws on | Academy disciplines | Series home |
|---|---|---|---|
| 全球 系统 Risk and Resilience | The Global Risks Index（NXS-GRX） coupled-system cascades and the fused indicator series behind a global synthesis NXS-DSS（决策案例与审议） the cross-field scenario sets an edition compares | 系统性、复合与级联风险 水、能源、粮食与生态系统关联 全球灾难性风险 | Global Systems Risk and Resilience series home |
| 观测站信号 | NXS-OPS（仪器、传感器与校准） calibrated primary observations and their uncertainty budgets NXS-EWS whether an anomaly was forecast and how well NXS-EOP observational change products that corroborate a signal NXS-SIG spectrum and timing anomalies that affect dependent services | 地理空间分析、地球观测与 GeoAI 气候科学、变率与变化 空间系统、空间天气与导航 | Observatory Signal series home |
| 情景与压力测试 | NXS-DSS combined scenario sets and the option appraisals run on them NXS-GRX the cascade paths a stress test follows | 情景分析与压力测试 不确定性与决策 Systemic, compound and 级联风险 | Scenario and Stress-Test series home |
06Backed by
The systems, methods and teaching behind it.
- NXS-EOPNXS-EOPNXS-EOPRooms: Acquisition, Change.
- NXS-EWSNXS-EWSNXS-EWSRooms: Forecast Verification, Warning Desk.
- NXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRXNXS-GRX
- NXS-COR（算力、节点与运行时）NXS-CORNXS-CORNXS-COR
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源气候与大气科学The canonical method page, with its limits.
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源地球与地球物理科学The canonical method page, with its limits.
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源预测与时间序列分析The canonical method page, with its limits.
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源极值理论与尾部风险The canonical method page, with its limits.
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源地球观测与遥感The canonical method page, with its limits.
- STEM 方法STEM 公共资源空间统计与地统计The canonical method page, with its limits.
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy气候科学、变率与变化地球与环境科学学院
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy地震、火山、海啸与滑坡灾害、灾难与韧性学院
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy洪水、风暴与热带气旋灾害、灾难与韧性学院
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy高温、干旱与野火灾害、灾难与韧性学院
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy早期预警与预期行动灾害、灾难与韧性学院
- Academy disciplineRisk Academy系统性、复合与级联风险系统与 Nexus 研究学院
- 领域GCRI气候与灾害The field across science, governance and finance.
- 领域GCRI灾害与危机The field across science, governance and finance.
07联盟各方
Where the same subject is reported elsewhere.
- Counterpart · GRF报告Diplomacy NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRF报告气候与自然治理Shared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRF报告灾害与危机治理Shared: Disaster and crisis.
- Counterpart · GRA报告Insurance NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRA报告Banking NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRA报告Asset Management NexusShared: Climate and hazards.
- Counterpart · GRA报告再保险与巨灾Shared: Climate and hazards, Disaster and crisis.
- Counterpart · GRA报告灾害风险融资Shared: Disaster and crisis.
- Counterpart · GRA报告气候与自然金融风险Shared: Climate and hazards.
- Standards areaNexus Standards地球物理危害标准Hazards and disaster risk reduction. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus Standards水文气象危害标准Hazards and disaster risk reduction. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus Standards生物危害标准Health and biosecurity. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus Standards技术与工业危害标准Energy and critical infrastructure. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-9, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus Standards地外危害标准Hazards and disaster risk reduction. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-11.
- Standards areaNexus Standards环境退化危害标准Climate and Earth systems. Parts NS-0, NS-3, NS-3b, NS-9, NS-11.
09贡献
Contribute on Climate and Hazards.
Evidence, a case, a correction, a method or profile input on this subject. The composer tags it with this area and its series.
Contribution composer
Write a contribution the editor can act on.
Say what it is, where its record is kept and on which licence. It arrives tagged with this page, its area and its gateway, so it reaches the editor who owns it.
Your email opens with the subject and a template already filled in for GW-GCRI.
- 证据
- 更正
- 案例研究
- Analysis or method
- 同行评审
- 转译
- Profile input
Never send personal data or sensitive infrastructure detail. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights.
10开放科学
Open science for Climate and Hazards.
How a contribution on this subject is deposited, identified, credited, licensed and found, and the metadata for it prefilled from this page.
Climate and Hazards’s open record
- 区域
- 气候与灾害
- Feeds
- Global Systems Risk and Resilience, Observatory Signal, Scenario and Stress-Test
- 记录
- A UNI for every accepted contribution; cited with its DOI in the edition that uses it
- 链接
- isSupplementTo the edition it informs; isNewVersionOf its earlier version
- 许可协议
- CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0
Credit and identity
- ORCID
- Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
- ROR
- Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
- CRediT
- Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
- 账户
- None needed to contribute; never a password
Find and follow
Search the open indexes for Climate and Hazards; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.
Mirrors and harvest
The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.
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}11最新
Releases for this area.
Releases tagged to this area appear here once released.
报告贡献
Send evidence on Climate and Hazards.
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GCRI Systems 证据编辑部气候与灾害全球系统风险与韧性观测站信号情景与压力测试
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Reports · GCRI
Bring what you know to the next edition.
Every quarter closes on a sealed evidence cut. Contributions received before the cut are reviewed for that edition; later ones wait for the next.
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