Requirements for decision models
The questions a model must answer, the accuracy needed and the conditions it must cover are written as requirements before modelling begins, then traced to tests.
GCRI · 系统科学与建模
系统 engineering is the method this platform stewards for the network. It brings requirements, architecture, interfaces, verification and life cycle management to models and coupled systems, so that complex modelling efforts are defined, built and tested deliberately.
系统 engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to designing and managing complex systems over their life cycle. It focuses on requirements, interfaces and interactions so that the whole performs as intended. In methods and modelling, risk management and 系统性风险 and research and evidence, systems engineering exposes interfaces where failures propagate between components and organisations. It supports designing interconnected infrastructure with explicit dependency management. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
The questions a model must answer, the accuracy needed and the conditions it must cover are written as requirements before modelling begins, then traced to tests.
Variables, units, time steps and owners at each model interface are documented, so coupling errors can be found and fixed.
Models are managed from design through use to retirement, with versions, reviews and change control recorded.
北美的人口密度、洪水水体和夜间灯光,来自 NASA GIBS。每个图层均标有各自日期。
交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
本页面的危害与暴露
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最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
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危害与风险暴露,以北美为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 复合与级联危害标准: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
系统与耦合
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NRS-H61 危害族:级联失效(NHS-1 sys.cascade)NRS-H62 危害类别:复合与多危害事件(NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H60 危害类别:供应链与流动中断(NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)NRS-H94 危害族:系统性网络事件(NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)NRS-H107 危害族:数字基础设施集中与单一化(NHS-1 tech.digital-concentration)NRS-H7 危害类别:大尺度环流异常(NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode)观测
示例地理范围
Each requirement is traced to verification evidence from analysis, inspection, demonstration or test. Independent reviews check completeness at life cycle gates.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Requirements traceability | Each requirement is traced to a verification activity |
| Interface review | Interface specifications are reviewed by both model owners |
| Change impact analysis | Changes are assessed for effects on validated results |
Emergent behaviour in open or socio-technical systems may not be captured by requirements. Rigid processes can slow adaptation to change.
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
The model structure used for systems engineering for models, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
Ri = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)危害、风险暴露、脆弱性和应对能力EAL = ∑k pk · Lk对年概率为 pkxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error| 假设 | 为何制作 | 如何检验 |
|---|---|---|
| 在一次事件中,危害与暴露相互独立 | 使损失积分保持可计算 | 与基于联合记录拟合的 copula 进行比较 |
| 耦合在工作点附近是线性的 | 让冲击通过 A 传播 | 在线性范围之外施加扰动并比较 |
| 脆弱性曲线可以在不同地点之间迁移使用 | 很少有本地曲线可用 | 在有观测损失的地方据此进行验证 |
Process explorer · Process
8 个步骤·4 个阶段
流程
An initial hazard can trigger later risks and events; this illustration draws one cascade across 系统 such as energy, water, ICT, health and transport.
Outline of an external standard or method, from its public sources. It describes what the framework says, not a record of any run. It does not show that Nexus or any partner performs, certifies or approves a step. A gate is a step of the method, never a Nexus approval. The dependencies are examples. A dependency survey for the place sets them.
系统 Science and Modelling stewards systems engineering for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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