G-P19 · EVIDENCE · sourcesGCRI dossier · service level R0
GCRISystems Science and ModellingIn development
Source and data register

Source and data register

Where Systems Science and Modelling gets its data, on what terms, with what quality and with which known gaps.

Publisher
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation
Field
Methods and modelling, Risk management and systemic risk, Research and evidence
Status
In development
Service level
R0: information and enquiries

Evidence grading

Source and data register · Review wave 2

Two sources downgradedGCRI · Systems Science and Modelling

Certainty by criterion

0 low to 100 high

Higher is more certain. Values are placeholders.

Review queue

  1. R-1Models in librarysecond reviewer1 d
  2. R-2Models with validation recordsecond reviewer2 d
  3. R-3Coupled runs completedsecond reviewer6 d

Systems Science and Modelling · Evidence gradingEvidence grading, in outline: domain structure with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record.

01In brief

The short answer.

The Systems Science and Modelling source register lists the datasets and records the platform draws on, such as CMIP6 archive via the Earth System Grid Federation, each with its producer, licence and permitted uses, quality and known gaps. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described, and data held by agreement is used under those terms and never republished.

02Canvas

Draft to published version.

Canvas · draft to published versionDesign, not a record
Source and data register: systematic evidence synthesisA question is framed with its owner and a protocol registered; records are searched, screened and checked for eligibility by two reviewers; data are extracted, synthesised and graded for certainty before a brief is written. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.How a finding is reviewed before it is published. Design, not a record.

03Geography

Connected activity in North America.

For source and data register, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, land cover and night lights with relief in 3D and true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on North America; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Connected activity, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For source and data register, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, land cover and night lights with relief in 3D and true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on North America; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A · NASA HLS S30Sources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Observed (EO): Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026), Microsoft Planetary Computer
  • Observed (EO): NASA HLS S30 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC · 12 Oct 2026

04What is recorded

Each source carries five facts.

01

Origin

Who produces the data and how.

02

Access terms

Licence, restrictions and permitted uses.

03

Quality

Coverage, resolution, update frequency and known errors.

04

Provenance

How the data reached the platform and what was changed.

05

Gaps

What is missing and how the gap is handled.

05Register

Every source the topic dossiers cite, with its terms.

SourceWhat it givesTermsUsed in
AgMIP crop model intercomparisonsCrop model ensemble protocols and resultsPublic, terms per projectModel intercomparison
ASME V&V 10, V&V 20 and V&V 40Verification, validation and credibility standardsLicensed standards, purchase requiredUncertainty and validation
CMIP6 archive via the Earth System Grid FederationClimate model outputs from common experimentsOpen, CC BY 4.0 for most models (to check per model)Model intercomparison
CoMSES Net and model archivesArchived models with documentationOpen, licence per modelReproducible modelling
CoMSES Net Computational Model LibraryArchive of agent-based models with code and ODD documentationOpen, licence per modelAgent based and complexity
Coupling frameworks such as OASIS, BMI and preCICE documentationTechnical standards for linking modelsOpen source, licence per projectCoupled systems modelling
Data assimilation literatureMethods for combining models and observationsLicence per publicationDigital twins method
Digital Twin Consortium definitions and resourcesIndustry definitions and capability frameworksPublic, terms to checkDigital twins method
EMA WorkbenchExploratory modelling and analysis toolkitOpen source, BSD licenceOptimization under uncertainty
FAIR principles for research software (FAIR4RS)Principles for reusable research softwareOpen, CC BY 4.0Reproducible modelling
Input-output and trade networks (OECD ICIO, BACI)Economic dependency networksPublic, OECD terms; open, Etalab licenceNetworks and cascades
Integrated assessment model documentation (IAMC wiki)Structure and assumptions of integrated assessment modelsPublic, terms to checkCoupled systems modelling
IPCC uncertainty guidance noteCalibrated uncertainty languagePublic, IPCC termsUncertainty and validation
ISIMIP cross-sectoral simulationsLinked impact model resultsOpen, licence per dataset (to check)Coupled systems modelling
ISIMIP repositoryImpact model outputs for water, agriculture, health and other sectorsOpen, licence per dataset (to check)Model intercomparison
ISO 23247 digital twin frameworkReference architecture for manufacturing digital twinsLicensed standard, purchase requiredDigital twins method
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social SimulationPeer-reviewed agent-based researchOpen access, CC BYAgent based and complexity
Literature on model genealogy and ensemble independenceAnalysis of shared model componentsLicence per publicationModel intercomparison
NASA-STD-7009Credibility assessment of models and simulationsPublic domain, US governmentUncertainty and validation
National academies reports on digital twinsAssessment of foundational research gapsPublic, terms per publisherDigital twins method
National integrated planning models where publishedApplied coupled modelsLicence per publisherCoupled systems modelling
NetLogo and MesaOpen-source agent-based modelling platformsOpen source, GPL and Apache licencesAgent based and complexity
Network science literature on cascadesModels and validation studiesLicence per publicationNetworks and cascades
NetworkX, igraph and graph-toolOpen-source network analysis softwareOpen source, BSD and GPL licencesNetworks and cascades
ODD protocol publicationsDocumentation standard for agent-based modelsLicence per publicationAgent based and complexity
Open-source optimization tools such as Pyomo and JuMPModelling languages for stochastic and robust optimizationOpen source, BSD and MPL licencesOptimization under uncertainty
Operations research literature on stochastic programmingMethods and applicationsLicence per publicationOptimization under uncertainty
Pattern-oriented modelling literatureValidation approaches for complex modelsLicence per publicationAgent based and complexity
Power grid network models for researchGrid topology datasetsLicence per dataset (to check)Networks and cascades
Published adaptive pathway plans, such as delta programmesApplied adaptive planningPublic records, licence per governmentOptimization under uncertainty
Published city and utility digital twin case studiesApplied twins and lessonsLicence per publicationDigital twins method
Published network datasets such as SNAP and NetzschleuderBenchmark networks for methods testingOpen, licence per datasetNetworks and cascades
Published validation studies in each fieldEvidence on model performanceLicence per publicationUncertainty and validation
Reproducibility studies in computational scienceMeasured reproduction ratesLicence per publicationReproducible modelling
SALib and other open sensitivity analysis librariesImplementations of global sensitivity methodsOpen source, MIT licenceUncertainty and validation
Scenario Modeling Hub publications for epidemicsMulti-model epidemic scenario projectionsPublic, terms per hubModel intercomparison
Society for Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty resourcesMethods and case studies for robust and adaptive planningPublic, terms to checkOptimization under uncertainty
Software Heritage archiveArchived source code with identifiersOpen, archive termsReproducible modelling
Water-energy-food nexus modelling literatureApproaches and case studiesLicence per publicationCoupled systems modelling
Zenodo and institutional repositoriesDeposited models and data with DOIsOpen, licence per recordReproducible modelling
06Known gaps

Where the systems modelling data record is thin.

  • Shared data on interdependencies.
  • Validation data for rare events.
  • Open model code for many sector models.
07Status

How the register grows.

Sources are added to the register as they are reviewed. A source is listed only once its terms permit the use described.

08Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
ProvenanceInformation about the entities, activities and people involved in producing a record, used to judge its quality and reliability, in the W3C PROV model.
FAIR principlesGuiding principles that make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable by people and machines.
Open licenceA licence that allows anyone to access, reuse and redistribute data, sometimes with attribution.
Data lineageThe traceable path of data from its origin through each transformation to its current form.
10Questions

Questions and answers.

Can I suggest a data source?
Yes. Write to contact@therisk.global with the source, its owner and its terms.
Systems Science and Modelling

Bring your expertise to this field.

The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.