Urban building vulnerability profiles
Buildings are classified by structural system, height, age and material from surveys and imagery, and vulnerability is estimated by class for the whole city.
GCRI · 城市与建成环境
Structural and 地震 engineering is the method this platform stewards for the network. In cities it determines whether homes, schools, bridges and public buildings protect the people inside, through design codes, retrofit, construction quality and safety evaluation after events.
Structural and 地震 engineering designs buildings, bridges and other structures to carry loads safely, including those from earthquakes, wind and floods. It determines how much damage the built environment suffers when hazards occur. In cities and built environment, 关键基础设施 and society and human development, structural engineering supplies vulnerability functions for loss models and guides retrofit priorities. It links 危害强度 to disruption of housing, services and supply chains. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Buildings are classified by structural system, height, age and material from surveys and imagery, and vulnerability is estimated by class for the whole city.
Retrofit options for common building types are designed and costed, including low-cost measures suitable for self-built and incremental housing.
Training for builders, plan review and site inspection are evaluated for their effect on the quality of new construction in fast-growing districts.
Population density, night lights and daytime surface heat over India, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
本页的城市信号
键盘操作,地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。
城市信号,以印度为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
Datasets and records used by structural and 地震 engineering on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Building surveys and cadastres | Building classes | 已发布统计 |
| Building footprints from imagery | Inventory coverage | 观测 |
| Post-event damage surveys | Vulnerability calibration | 观测 |
| Building codes | Design requirements | 已发布统计 |
团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。
Cities · Structural engineering for cities · Run R-2397
| Slight | 0.19 | 0.5 | Cosmetic |
| 中等 | 0.26 | 0.6 | Repairable |
| Extensive | 0.75 | 0.7 | Major |
| 已完成 | 1.0 | 0.8 | Replace |
Designs are checked against codes, laboratory and shake-table tests, and observed performance after events. Peer review is used for unusual structures.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Field verification of classes | A sample of buildings classified from imagery is checked on the ground |
| Fragility calibration | Vulnerability models are compared with observed damage in similar buildings |
| Peer review of retrofit designs | Retrofit designs are reviewed by independent engineers |
Existing building stock is often poorly documented. Interaction of multiple hazards and degradation over time is incompletely represented.
A 危害足迹 会摧毁每一层中位于同一位置的资产;随后,碎片化、层间依赖以及幸存部分的过载会使失效蔓延。3D 视图按深度分开各层。这是附有明示示意值的教学模型,不是预测。本页地图显示的是印度;模型本身不依附于某个地点。
控制措施
读数
| 步骤 | 交通运行(%) | 电力运行(%) | 电信运行(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 78 | 89 | 83 |
| 1 | 33 | 44 | 50 |
| 2 | 22 | 22 | 28 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 城市与建成环境: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-5 图表、地图和可视化标准(配合 UI/UX 套件)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-10 政策和条款(机器可读的义务:定义、约束、评估和执行)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NRS-X5 城市与建成环境风险NRS-H91 危害族:城市与建成存量压力(NHS-1 infra.urban)NRS-H113 危害类别:金融体系脆弱性(NHS-1 soc.financial-system)NRS-K7 领域包概况:城市(DOMAIN-007)NRS-H31 危害类别:持久性和生物累积性物质(NHS-1 poll.persistent)NRS-H34 危害类别:废物与残余物处置失效(NHS-1 poll.waste)观测
示例地理范围
Cities and Built Environment stewards structural and 地震 engineering for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
The couplings between the systems in structural engineering for cities: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
切勿发送个人数据、敏感基础设施细节或您无权分享的任何内容。贡献在使用前会经过审查;发送贡献不赋予署名权或编辑权,赞助也绝不能换取研究结论。
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