Contact and mobility networks
Agent-based models represent households, schools, workplaces and travel, so the effect of contact patterns and public health measures on transmission can be explored under stated parameters.
GCRI · Health Nexus
复杂 系统 methods show how health risk emerges from interactions: people mixing and moving, hospitals sharing patients and staff, supply networks sharing suppliers, and health services depending on power and water. Agent-based and system dynamics models let these interactions be explored as scenarios, with every assumption visible.
复杂 系统 and agent-based modelling study systems whose behaviour emerges from interactions among many components. They help explain nonlinear dynamics, tipping points and collective behaviour. In health and biosecurity, complex systems approaches explore how interacting risks can produce sudden, systemic shifts. They support stress testing of policies against emergent behaviour. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Agent-based models represent households, schools, workplaces and travel, so the effect of contact patterns and public health measures on transmission can be explored under stated parameters.
System dynamics models link power, water, staff and supply buffers to service capacity, tracing how a grid outage or 热浪 propagates into hospital functions over hours and days.
Networks of referrals and transfers between hospitals are analysed to see where surges concentrate and how resistant organisms can spread between facilities.
Daytime surface heat, population density and haze over Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
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图层 3
本页的环境暴露
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最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
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环境风险暴露,以非洲为范围。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
Datasets and records used by complex 系统 and agent-based modelling on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Social contact surveys | Mixing matrices by age and setting | 观测 |
| Aggregated mobility data from transport and telecommunications | Movement between places | 估算 |
| Hospital transfer records | Referral network structure | 已报告 |
| Facility dependency inventories | Buffers and failure thresholds | 已发布统计 |
两个存量,即压力和 适应能力,由一个增强型增长回路、一个延迟的平衡响应以及压力超过能力时造成的损害联系在一起;越过阈值后,系统可能发生突变。这是带有明示示意数值的教学模型,不是预测。本页地图显示非洲;模型本身不与任何地点绑定。
控制措施
读数
| 年份 | 压力 | 能力 | 感知 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 20.0 |
| 4 | 23.3 | 44.9 | 21.2 |
| 8 | 27.2 | 42.2 | 24.0 |
| 12 | 31.7 | 42.3 | 27.7 |
| 16 | 36.8 | 45.5 | 32.2 |
| 20 | 42.3 | 51.5 | 37.2 |
| 24 | 47.9 | 60.3 | 42.6 |
| 28 | 53.2 | 71.3 | 48.0 |
| 32 | 57.8 | 84.3 | 53.1 |
| 36 | 66.4 | 98.4 | 58.4 |
| 40 | 82.7 | 115.9 | 69.7 |
| 44 | 97.8 | 139.7 | 83.8 |
| 48 | 109.1 | 169.4 | 97.3 |
No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
Models are evaluated by matching multiple stylised facts and patterns at different scales. Sensitivity and robustness analysis test dependence on assumptions.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Pattern-oriented validation | Models must reproduce several observed patterns at different scales, not a single curve |
| 全球 敏感性分析 | The parameters that drive most of the outcome range are identified and reported |
| Structural alternatives | Results are compared with simpler or differently structured models before conclusions are drawn |
Many plausible models can reproduce the same patterns. Calibration and validation data are often limited.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 卫生安全与同一健康: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
系统与耦合
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-10 政策和条款(机器可读的义务:定义、约束、评估和执行)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NRS-H83 危害族:卫生系统能力失效(NHS-1 health.system)NRS-H42 危害类别:罕见和持续性人类感染(NHS-1 health.other-human)NRS-H41 危害族:动物向人类的溢出(NHS-1 health.zoonotic)NRS-H43 危害族:畜牧业和水产养殖动物疫病(NHS-1 health.animal-health)NRS-D3 人道主义响应与韧性恢复NRS-H46 危害类别:环境与产品对人的伤害(NHS-1 health.harm)观测
示例地理范围
The sectors complex 系统 modelling for health touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
签名
卫生及其合作伙伴
卫生部门为基础设施提供运营人力(0.3),为粮食提供农业劳动力(0.3),为水提供公用事业人力(0.2)。
W · E · I · F · H · B
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
The model structure used for complex systems modelling for health, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
Ri = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)危害、风险暴露、脆弱性和应对能力EAL = ∑k pk · Lk对年概率为 pkxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error| 假设 | 为何制作 | 如何检验 |
|---|---|---|
| 在一次事件中,危害与暴露相互独立 | 使损失积分保持可计算 | 与基于联合记录拟合的 copula 进行比较 |
| 耦合在工作点附近是线性的 | 让冲击通过 A 传播 | 在线性范围之外施加扰动并比较 |
| 脆弱性曲线可以在不同地点之间迁移使用 | 很少有本地曲线可用 | 在有观测损失的地方据此进行验证 |
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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