GCRI · Registry

Düzeltme ve sürüm yönetimi

Every published record will one day need to change: a typing error, a revised figure, a withdrawn claim, a new release of a dataset. What matters is whether the change is visible, linked and propagated, or silent. This page sets out how corrections, retractions and new versions are recorded, why superseded assertions keep circulating after they are corrected, and what editors and stewards need to run a correction route that readers can follow.

01Tuval

İşin nasıl yürüdüğü.

Sistem · bu konunun çevresindeÖrnekleyici

Interoperability console

Correction and versioning · Crosswalk · Profile v3

Test suite runningGCRI · Kayıt Defteri

Field mappings

identifieridcopyGeçiş
evidence_labelquality.labelenum mapGeçiş
licencerights.licenceSPDX idAmbiguous
versionversionsemverGeçiş

Uygunluk

Required fields93 of 100 requiredControlled terms90 of 95 requiredRound trip81 of 95 required
Interoperability console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Correction and versioning.Örnek adlar ve örnekleyici değerler; bir tasarımdır, kayıt veya canlı bir sistem değildir.

Şek.Interoperability console: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02Soru

Correction and versioning: how the risk develops.

Superseded assertions and correction routes. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mekanizma

Silent edits

A value is overwritten in place without a version change or a notice. Anyone who downloaded or cited the earlier state now holds a record that no longer matches the source, and nothing tells them so.

Mekanizma

Corrections stop at the source

A notice is issued where the record lives, but copies in aggregators, indexes, reference managers and derived datasets are not updated. The superseded assertion keeps circulating downstream and is cited as current.

Mekanizma

Version forks

Preprint, accepted manuscript and version of record, or successive dataset releases, are registered without relations between them. Citations split across versions, and a correction made to one never reaches the others.

Mekanizma

Reliance compounds

Corrected or retracted findings feed systematic reviews, models, guidelines and funding cases. Each reuse builds on the flawed assertion, so the cost of a late correction grows with every layer that came to depend on it.

03Yöntemler ve kanıt

How correction and versioning is modelled, measured and tested.

Model, varsayımları, verileri ve belirsizliği, bir bilim insanının veya mühendisin kontrol edeceği biçimde. Yapılar yayımlanmış yöntemleri izler. Çizilen değerler bulgu değil, açıklayıcıdır.

Veri kümeleri ve köken

The data classes behind correction and versioning and what is recorded about each before it is used.

Veri sınıfıKöken kaydedildiÇözünürlük belirtilmişLisans kontrol edildi
Uydu görüntüsü, optik ve radarsensör, işleme düzeyi, edinim tarihipiksel boyutu ve yeniden gözlemsahne başına
Yeniden analiz ve iklim modeli çıktılarımodel, deney, üye, sürümızgara ve zaman adımısürüm başına
Yerinde sensörler ve ölçerleristasyon, enstrüman, kalibrasyon kaydınokta ve örnekleme hızıağ başına
Nüfus ve varlık maruziyetiyöntem, üretim yılı, girdi kaynaklarıhücre boyutu ve birimsürüm başına
Sınırlar ve referans coğrafyaüretici, sürüm, tarihölçekbaskı başına
Köken
Kaynaktan şekle W3C PROV kaydı
İlkeler
FAIR: bulunabilir, erişilebilir, birlikte çalışabilir, yeniden kullanılabilir
Boşluklar
eksik olarak gösterilir, asla sessizce doldurulmaz
Veri sınıfları ve her biri için kaydedilen köken alanları; bir veri kümesi, ancak lisansı kullanıma izin verdiğinde adıyla listelenir.
FAIR yol gösterici ilkeleri · GO FAIR ve FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumBelirsizliklerin tutarlı ele alınmasına ilişkin kılavuz · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Yer Gözlem Uyduları Komitesi
04In the five domains

Corrections in one domain must reach every product that used the data.

05Göstergeler

Neyin ve ne kadar iyi ölçüldüğü.

Her gösterge birimini, sıklığını, ardındaki kaynak türünü ve bir değerin taşıyacağı kanıt etiketini taşır. Hiçbir değer gösterilmez: değerleri bir program kendi yetkisi altında sağlar.

GöstergeBirimSıklıkKaynak türüEtiket
Corrections issuedcount by type per periodaylıkCorrection trailGÖZLENEN
Time from report to correction noticegünper caseCase recordsGÖZLENEN
Content changes without a version incrementsayıhaftalıkContent hash comparisonGÖZLENEN
Version chain completenessshare of versions linked to a predecessoraylıkRelation metadataGÖZLENEN
Retracted items linked to their noticeshare of retracted itemsaylıkCrossmark and retraction recordsGÖZLENEN
Superseded records still cited as currentcount of citing worksüç ayda birCitation graphTAHMİNİ
Corrections reflected by downstream aggregatorsshare of sampled aggregatorsüç ayda birAggregator samplingTAHMİNİ
06Kaynaklar

Kanıtın nereden geldiği.

Her biri lisans sınıfıyla birlikte, adı belirtilmiş kamuya açık veri kümeleri ve kurumsal kayıtlar. Anlaşmaya dayalı kaynaklar yalnızca koşullarına göre kullanılır ve asla yeniden yayımlanmaz.

KaynakSağladıklarıLisans sınıfı
Retraction Watch DatabaseRecords of retractions, corrections and expressions of concern across publishersOpen, distributed by Crossref
CrossmarkPublisher-deposited update status linking corrections and retractions to the original workOpen metadata via Crossref
Crossref and DataCite relation metadataRelations such as is new version of, is previous version of and is obsoleted byOpen metadata; CC0 for DataCite
PubPeerPost-publication comments that often surface errors before formal noticesPublic comments under site terms
Internet Archive Wayback Machine via MementoTime-stamped captures showing what a page said at a given momentFree access under archive terms
Software HeritageArchived source code with intrinsic identifiers for every versionOpen archive, terms per content licence
07Kararlar

Kim karar verir ve kanıt neye hizmet eder.

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Kim karar verirSoruBu sayfanın hizmet ettiği kanıt
Journal editors and publishersWhether an error warrants a correction, an expression of concern or a retractionCOPE guidance, the nature of the error, and the citing and derived works that relied on it
Data stewards and repository managersWhether a change is a correction to the same version or a new versionThe versioning policy, the extent of the change and the identifiers already cited
Research integrity officesWhether a pattern of corrections signals possible misconduct needing investigationCorrection history across records by the same contributors, with dates and stated reasons
Systematic reviewers and guideline panelsWhether included evidence must be re-examined after a correctionRetraction and correction status of every included item at the review date

Bu konunun ürettiği çıktılar

  • Correction trails showing each change, its type, author, date and reason
  • Version chains linking every release to its predecessor and successor
  • Notices for superseded assertions kept visible beside the corrected record
  • A published correction route stating whom to contact and how a report is handled
08Temel sorular

What experts ask about corrections.

  • When is a change a correction, an update or a replacement, and how should each be labelled?
  • How can a correction reach citations, copies and derived records?
  • What must be kept of a superseded version so that past decisions can be understood?
  • Who may initiate, review and approve a correction?
  • How is a correction itself corrected?
09Mekanizmalar

Why uncorrected errors persist.

Studies of retracted research have long shown that flawed papers continue to be cited after retraction, largely because readers meet them through copies, summaries and reference lists that never learn of the change. The same happens with datasets, dashboards and programme descriptions. Silent edits make it worse: when a page changes without notice, readers cannot know that what they cited is no longer what the page says.

Good practice therefore treats records as append-only. A correction creates a new version that points to the one it supersedes, states what changed and why, and is announced through a notice that downstream sistemleri can detect. Publishing communities have developed shared guidance for retractions and corrections, and versioned identifiers let citations point to a specific state. The Registry’s procedure is described on corrections and version history.

10Yöntemler ve sınırlar

How versioning works in practice.

  1. 01

    Version chains

    Each version records its predecessor and successor, so the full history can be followed.

  2. 02

    Typed changes

    A change is labelled as a correction, an update, a supersession or a withdrawal, each with a reason.

  3. 03

    Change notices

    Machine-readable notices let copies elsewhere update, a feature discussed under registry interoperability.

  4. 04

    Sınırlar

    No registry can recall copies it does not control. Notices help only sistemleri that read them, and some errors are found too late to change decisions already taken. Correcting a record does not correct the reasoning others built on it.

11Yöntemler

Nasıl incelendiği ve yöntemlerin söyleyemeyecekleri.

  1. Veri mühendisliği, birlikte çalışabilirlik ve veri yönetimiŞemaya göre doğrulanmış veri alımı · Kalıcı tanımlayıcı uzlaştırması · İş akışlarında soy kaydının tutulmasıBurada uygulanır
  2. Siber güvenlik ve kriptografiKurcalamaya karşı kanıt bırakan kayıt geçmişi · İmzalı dışa aktarımlar ve sürümler · Düzenleme yollarının tehdit modellemesiBurada uygulanır
  3. Dijital kimlik ve kamusal dijital sistemlerDüzenleyenin kimlik doğrulaması ve yetkisi · Katkıda bulunanın kişi tarafından ayırt edilmesiBurada uygulanır
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Bu sayfanın karşılaştırıldığı kuruluşlar ve belgeler. Durumlar ve sürümler değişir; her bağlantı yayımlayan kuruluşa gider.

13Sorular

Sorular ve yanıtlar.

What is the difference between a correction and a new version?
A correction fixes an error in the same work and is announced with a notice. A new version is a deliberate update, registered with its own identifier and linked to the version it replaces.
Are retracted records deleted?
No. Under COPE guidance a retracted item stays available and clearly marked, so readers can see what was withdrawn and why. Removal is reserved for narrow legal or safety grounds, and a notice remains.
How can I tell if a record I cited has changed?
Check its version chain and correction trail, or its Crossmark status where one exists. A content hash on the record shows whether its bytes differ from the copy you hold.
Why do retracted findings keep being cited?
Notices do not reach every copy, reference manager or derived dataset, and citing authors may not check status. Carrying corrections in metadata, not only on web pages, narrows that gap.
Will an earlier version disappear after a correction?
No. It remains available, marked as superseded, unless rights or the law require it to be withdrawn, in which case a notice remains.
Can anyone request a correction?
Yes. Requests go through corrections and version history and are reviewed by the record’s owner.
Is a withdrawal the same as a correction?
No. A withdrawal removes a record from public view and leaves a notice; a correction replaces content with a new version. See rights and disclosure.
RaporlarKatkıda bulunun

Bu sayfadan kanıt katkısında bulunun.

Raporlar is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRISicilYöntemler ve Teknik
Sicil

Bir yöntem, bir veri seti ya da bir soru getirin.

Bilgi ve başvurular bugün açıktır. Bir başvuru bir referans numarası alır ve bir sonraki adımı belirtir; başvurular, ödemeler, işlem kapasitesi tahsisleri ve kayıtlar yalnızca ekipleri, koşulları ve inceleme kapasiteleri mevcut olduğunda açılır.

The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation

Science · evidence · measurement

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Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

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