Data appendix
The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.
Contents
- ·Edition home
- ·Executive summary
- 1Infrastructure is what the other systems travel on
- 2Key findings
- 3Systems and sectors at baseline
- 4Risks and capability
- 5Chokepoint closure with port downtime and a cyber incident
- 6Readings from the other desks
- 7The 2027 agenda
- 8Systems in depth
- AMethodology
- BData appendix
- CReferences and record
- ·Complete edition, for print
B.1The indicator set
| Indicator | Value | Unit | Year | State | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seaborne trade volume | 12,720 | million tons | 2024 | Reported | 1 |
| Seaborne trade, SDG indicator basis | 24.1 | billion metric tons | 2024 | Reported | 5 |
| Growth in seaborne trade ton-miles | 5.9 | % | 2024 | Reported | 1 |
| Average voyage haul | 5,245 | miles | 2024 | Reported | 1 |
| Container port traffic | 913 | million TEU | 2024 | Reported | 6 |
| Container port traffic | 854 | million TEU | 2023 | Reported | 6 |
| Daily Hormuz transits, February average | 129 | ships a day | 2026 | Reported | 2 |
| Fall in daily Hormuz transits, early March | 97 | % | 2026 | Reported | 2 |
| Panama Canal transits | 13,404 | transits | 2025 | Reported | 32 |
| Air passengers carried, airline basis | 4.27 | billion | 2023 | Reported | 7 |
| Airport passengers, ACI World | 9.4 | billion | 2024 | Reported | 28 |
| Airline passengers expected, IATA | 5.2 | billion | 2026 | Scenario | 29 |
| Disruption cost in low- and middle-income countries | 391 to 647 | USD billion a year | 2019 | Reported | 14 |
| Road and rail assets exposed to a hazard | 27 | % | 2019 | Reported | 15 |
| Ports exposed to more than three hazards | 86 | % | 2023 | Reported | 17 |
| Road traffic deaths, WHO 2023 report | 1.19 | million | 2021 | Reported | 11 |
| Road traffic deaths, WHO fact sheet | 1.16 | million | not stated | Reported | 12 |
| People using the Internet, ITU | 76 | % | 2026 | Reported | 10 |
| People using the Internet, World Bank series | 73.6 | % | 2025 | Reported | 8 |
| Official flows for infrastructure, developing countries | 78.7 | USD billion | 2024 | Reported | 5 |
| Infrastructure need to 2040, 2017 outlook | 94 | USD trillion | 2017 | Reported | 21 |
| Electric car sales | 21 | million | 2025 | Reported | 13 |
| Urban population share | 57.8 | % | 2025 | Reported | 9 |
B.2Global source register
The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.
Domains bound by the register
- TRD
- INF
- FIN
- HLT
- DAT
- CLI
- ENE
- FOO
- WAT
- BIO
| Source | Category | Coverage | Period | Cadence | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 20251 | intergovernmental agency | global | 2024 | annual | trade, fleet |
| UNCTAD Hormuz analysis2 | intergovernmental agency | Strait of Hormuz | 2026 | one-off | chokepoint |
| SDG 9 Extended Report5 | UN agencies | global | 2024 | annual | freight, finance, coverage |
| World Bank WDI series67 | multilateral development bank | global | 2024 | annual | ports, air |
| ITU Facts and Figures10 | UN specialised agency | global | 2026 | annual | connectivity |
| WHO road safety report11 | UN specialised agency | global | 2021 | periodic | road deaths |
| World Bank Lifelines14 | multilateral development bank | low- and middle-income countries | 2019 | one-off | disruption cost |
| Koks et al.15 | peer-reviewed literature | global | 2019 | one-off | road and rail risk |
| NTSB Key Bridge investigation22 | national investigation board | United States | 2024 | one-off | structure failure |
| ENISA Transport Threat Landscape23 | EU agency | European Union | 2022 | periodic | cyber incidents |
B.3Regional reading: infrastructure and logistics across ten clusters
Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.
| Region | Principal hazards | Systems most exposed | Baseline evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| North America | ageing structures; vessel strikes on bridges; winter weather | roads, ports, rail | Key Bridge report22; ASCE grade C20 |
| South America | canal and port dependence for grain and minerals | ports, rivers | regional statistics (not bound) |
| Europe | network completion and cyber duties | rail, roads, ports | network and NIS2 rules2425; transport incidents23 |
| Eurasia | rail and sea corridors; sanctions-driven rerouting | rail, ports | regional statistics (not bound) |
| Middle East and North Africa | Hormuz and Suez exposure | oil, gas, fertiliser, containers | UNCTAD21 |
| Africa | rural access and mobile coverage gaps | roads, networks | SDG 9 coverage figures5 |
| South Asia | port growth and flood exposure | ports, roads | regional statistics (not bound) |
| East Asia | large ports exposed to extreme wind; container hubs | ports, container trade | port downtime study16; container traffic6 |
| ASEAN | straits and archipelagic routes | ports, sea lanes | regional statistics (not bound) |
| Oceania-Pacific | small island economies reliant on single ports | ports, air links | port criticality study18; trade risk at island ports17 |
B.4Corridor card: Strait of Hormuz
- chokepoint
- strait
- oil and fertiliser
- seaborne
- Systems in view
- fuel, fertiliser, shipping, insurance
- Defining events
- disruption to shipping from late February 20262
- Couplings
- TRD → ENE fuel supply; TRD → FOO fertiliser; TRD → FIN freight and insurance cost
- Capability evidence
- rapid analysis and tracking published by UNCTAD24
- Gaps
- transits after March 2026; bypass capacity
- Agenda items
- L-01 · L-03
About 20 million barrels of oil a day and about one third of seaborne fertiliser trade passed through the strait in 2024 [2].
CHOKEPOINT
Single passage
Bunker fuel prices rose about 100% between 27 February and 9 March 2026 and war-risk premiums were repriced [2].
COST
Freight and insurance
UNCTAD built a tracking tool for shipping, food, energy and finance indicators; the tool itself was not opened here [4] [44].
LEARNING
Early-warning data
B.5How countries appear in the infrastructure and logistics edition
Countries enter the infrastructure edition through the infrastructure and logistics chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.
| Card field | What it shows | Source |
|---|---|---|
| WEFH+B state | each core system against peer distribution bands | national edition |
| Couplings | the national dependency matrix | national edition |
| Risk objects | the national risk portfolio | national edition |
| Capability rungs | the national capability ladder | national edition |
| Evidence age | oldest and newest source dates | national source register |
Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme
countries and unions
clusters
flagship and sector
technology reports
How to read a country card
- Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist
- Couplings and risk objects come from the country’s own national edition
- Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions
- Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such
| Wave | Countries and unions | State |
|---|---|---|
| W0 | Canada | ISSUED |
| W1 | United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland | PLANNED |
| W2 | Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Türkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia | PLANNED |
B.6Licences
| Material | Licence |
|---|---|
| Text | CC BY 4.0 |
| Data | on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0 |
| Figures | Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited |
| Maps | boundary source and licence printed on each plate |
| Metadata | CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it |
| Third-party data, figures and text | The source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed |
| Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence. | |
B.7Formats and provenance
| Format | Kind | State | What it is | Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Web edition | HTML | On this site | Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source. | NR-SECTOR-INFRASTRUCTURE-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 |
| Print edition | At release | A4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release. | NR-SECTOR-INFRASTRUCTURE-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0 | |
| Indicator data | CSV · JSON | On this site | 23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release. | NR-SECTOR-INFRASTRUCTURE-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1 |
| Figures | SVG · PNG | On this site | 4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder. | FIG-SECTOR-INFRASTRUCTURE-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-* |
| Slides | Not recorded | No slide deck is recorded for this edition. | ||
| Evidence brief | HTML · PDF | Not recorded | No evidence brief is recorded for this edition. | |
| Dataset with DOI | DataCite | At release | Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet. |
Provenance
- Edition pack
- The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
- Evidence cut
- DC-SECTOR-INFRASTRUCTURE-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026
- Reproducibility
- sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
- Self-check
- 14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
- Review
- five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
- Publisher of record
- The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
- Corrections
- Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version
Notes
Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references
- 1UNCTAD (ed.), Review of Maritime Transport 2025: Staying the course in turbulent waters (full report and overview). UN Trade and Development, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 5UN DESA Statistics Division (ed.), The Sustainable Development Goals Extended Report 2026, Goal 9 indicator storylines (inputs as of 30 April 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2024 (indicators 9.1.2 and 9.a.1) and 2025 (indicator 9.c.1). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 6DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, container port traffic (TEU), series IS.SHP.GOOD.TU, API read, database last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 2UNCTAD (ed.), Strait of Hormuz Disruptions: Implications for Global Trade and Development, rapid analysis dated 10 March 2026, from Clarksons Research, EIA, LSEG, Kpler and other data. UN Trade and Development, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 32Autoridad del Canal de Panama (ed.), Panama Canal Authority, home page statistics (13,404 transits in 2025). Panama Canal Authority, Balboa. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 7DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, air transport passengers carried and freight (series IS.AIR.PSGR and IS.AIR.GOOD.MT.K1, ICAO source) and rail series (no values returned), API read, database last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 28ACI World (ed.), Biannual global air travel demand update, 30 September 2025 (9.4 billion passengers in 2024; 9.8 billion projected for 2025). Airports Council International, Montreal. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 29IATA (ed.), Industry outlook press release, December 2025 (5.2 billion passengers expected in 2026, up 4.4% on 2025; cargo 71.6 million tonnes). International Air Transport Association, Montreal. Observation year 2026 (expectation). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 14Hallegatte, S., Rentschler, J. and Rozenberg, J., Lifelines: The Resilient Infrastructure Opportunity. World Bank, Washington, 2019 (full report PDF). Observation year 2019 (analysis of earlier data). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 15Koks, E.E. et al., A global multi-hazard risk analysis of road and railway infrastructure assets, Nature Communications 10, 2677, 2019 (abstract via Crossref). Springer Nature. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 17Verschuur, J., Koks, E.E., Hall, J.W. et al., Multi-hazard risk to global port infrastructure and resulting trade and logistics losses, Communications Earth and Environment 4, 2023 (abstract opened). Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 11WHO (ed.), Global status report on road safety 2023, Geneva, 13 December 2023 (publication page). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 12WHO (ed.), Road traffic injuries, fact sheet updated 20 July 2026 (about 1.16 million deaths a year; 92% in low- and middle-income countries; reference year not stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year not stated on the page. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 10ITU (ed.), Measuring digital development: Facts and Figures 2026 (publication page with key findings). International Telecommunication Union, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 8DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, individuals using the Internet (series IT.NET.USER.ZS, ITU source), API read, database last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 21Global Infrastructure Hub (ed.), Global Infrastructure Outlook, press release of 25 July 2017 (USD 94 trillion need to 2040, USD 97 trillion with SDG access targets, USD 18 trillion unfunded). Global Infrastructure Hub, Sydney. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 13IEA (ed.), Global Energy Review 2026 (PDF, opened from a copy of the published report hosted by a third party). International Energy Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 9DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, urban population as a share of total population (series SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, UN source), API read, database last updated 2026-10-08. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 22NTSB (ed.), Contact of Containership Dali with Francis Scott Key Bridge and Subsequent Bridge Collapse, investigation page with probable cause and recommendations. National Transportation Safety Board, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 23ENISA (ed.), ENISA Transport Threat Landscape, March 2023 (publication page and report PDF; incidents January 2021 to October 2022). European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, Athens. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 20ASCE (ed.), 2025 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure (summary page: overall grade C, grades from B in ports to D in stormwater and transit, USD 3.6 trillion investment gap over ten years). American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 24European Commission (ed.), Trans-European transport network (TEN-T), policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 (core network by 2030, extended core by 2040, comprehensive by 2050). Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 25European Commission (ed.), NIS2 Directive: securing network and information systems, policy page on Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (earlier directive repealed from 18 October 2024). Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 16Verschuur, J., Koks, E.E. and Hall, J.W., Systemic risks from climate-related disruptions at ports, Nature Climate Change 13, 804 to 806, 2023 (abstract and introduction opened). Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 18Verschuur, J., Koks, E.E. and Hall, J.W., Ports’ criticality in international trade and global supply-chains, Nature Communications 13, 2022 (abstract opened). Springer Nature. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 4UNCTAD (ed.), Hormuz disruption shows why early-warning data matters, news item (about 95% fall in ship transits; tracking tool described). UN Trade and Development, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
