Readings from the other desks

The food baseline is read through each steward’s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks’ own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.

18 min read0 figures8 tables47 notesNR-SECTOR-FOOD-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE

Contents

6.1The other desks’ editions of this subject

Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.

Desk	Edition	State
GCRI Systems Evidence	No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle	Not in this cycle
GRF Public Deliberation	Outside this desk’s remit	Not in remit
GRA Capital Readiness	No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle	Not in this cycle
Standards Progress	No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle	Not in this cycle
Academy Capability	No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle	Not in this cycle
Index Measurement	Outside this desk’s remit	Not in remit

6.2Three lenses

One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.

GCRI · KEY T

Technical Truth

The evidence supports reading food as the coupling layer of the WEFH+B system. Hunger is falling slowly, supply is steady but tight, and three shocks arrive together: input costs, a strong El Niño and falling aid. Evidence is strongest for hunger and prices, and weakest for input use and yield effects in 2026.

FOO-001 · FIN-007 · TRD-006 · SYS-012

GRF · KEY M

Public Meaning

For most people food risk arrives as a price, a meal skipped or a lean season. The baseline asks that public debate keep the 2.69 billion who cannot afford a healthy diet in view alongside the trade and price story.

HLT-004 · FOO-002 · FIN-007

GRA · KEY F

Capital Meaning

Readiness implications only. Import bills are at a record, price volatility has risen and humanitarian funding is falling²⁴²⁵. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.

FIN-007 · GOV-005

NEXUS

Synthesis

The food system is well measured at the level of hunger, prices and stocks and thinly measured at the level of input use, losses and local yields. The 2027 programme should test the harvest shortfall under high input costs, bind regional crop and trade evidence, and map route dependence before it becomes a shortage.

SYS-012 · F-01 · F-04

6.3Standards, Academy and steward contributions

How the Nexus Standards drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for food. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.

Table 6.1The quarterly rhythm every edition follows
Quarter	Edition	Question	Boundary
Q1	State and Agenda	What matters this year, and what is the starting position?	observed baseline stays distinct from planned work
Q2	Evidence and Build	What new evidence and capability exist?	a configured capability is not a validated result
Q3	Stress Test and Readiness	What do scenarios and tests show?	simulated loss or performance is not observed impact
Q4	Annual Synthesis and Renewal	What changed in the year, and what renews?	release follows review, not event publicity deadlines

Table 6.2Who contributes what each quarter
Steward or body	Role	Contribution route
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI Canada)	Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)	science and practice communities · GCRI gateway
The Global Risks Forum (GRF)	leadership, dialogue and the Universe programme; public meaning (key M)	policy, Universe and national adoption · GRF gateway
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)	finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)	finance and insurance · GRA gateway
Nexus Standards	preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods	Standards site · working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI
Risk Academy	learning pathways tied to the agenda questions	Academy gateway · learning by review
Reports sector desks	food chapter inputs: GCRI evidence, GRA readiness, NXS standards, RA capability	sector editorial board

Standards drafts used in this edition

Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary
Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects
Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech

Standards calendar to watch

Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026
Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027
Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition

6.4GCRI reading: the model card

GCRI’s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. Annex A, methodology

6.5Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays

Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.

Every food shock this decade has been a water event, an energy event and a health event at once. Treating food as a commodity market understates how it carries risk between systems. This edition asks where a food shock goes next.

EDITORIAL ESSAY · 01

Food is a coupling, not a sector

Hunger and food insecurity have fallen for several years, and Africa’s long rise has halted. The same year brought a fertiliser shock, a strong El Niño and falling aid. Progress that depends on cheap inputs and steady funding is not yet resilience.

EDITORIAL ESSAY · 02

Hunger is falling, and the fall is fragile

The cost of a healthy diet rose to 4.28 PPP dollars. Fewer people are priced out than in 2021, but in Africa more are. Measuring cost, not only calories, is the first adaptation.

EDITORIAL ESSAY · 03

Affordability is the quiet crisis

Climate and crop models underestimate the chance of low yields in several regions at once. A strong El Niño is a reason to test that case, not a forecast of it.

EDITORIAL ESSAY · 04

Concurrent failures are the blind spot

6.6Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 food readiness pack

The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.

Table 6.32027 food readiness pack
Item	Register	State at baseline	First 2027 entry
E1	Food risk state delta	baseline set by this edition	changes against the baseline
E2	WEFH+B state delta	five global system readings set	indicator updates and freshness
E3	Agenda and Portfolio movement	eight agenda items · 6 proposed objects	admission decisions
E4	Federation delivery register	national chapters in preparation	national chapters
E5	Consortium capability register	national consortia forming	first contributions
E6	Leadership questions and challenges	none yet	first challenge log
E7	Foundry technical state	national environments prepared	first federation cut
E8	Publication candidates	twelve findings carried forward	PUBLISH · HOLD dispositions
E9	Universe readiness	one candidate mission	admission and role spine
E10	Correction register	none	first federation-wide cycle

Publication dispositions

Publish
Hold
Needs evidence
Restricted
Superseded

6.7Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch

Instruments and published guidance that shape the systems in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one’s compliance.

IN FORCE
ADOPTED
PUBLISHED · GUIDANCE
PUBLISHED · VOLUNTARY

Table 6.4Standards and regulatory watch
Instrument	Body	Scope	Status	Relevance
Codex Alimentarius standards and strategic plan 2026 to 2031¹⁹	FAO and WHO	global	PUBLISHED · VOLUNTARY	food safety
General Food Law, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002³¹	European Union	EU	IN FORCE	food safety
Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 on deforestation-free products²⁹	European Union	EU	IN FORCE	land and trade
Veterinary medicinal products regulation and antimicrobial import requirements, in effect 3 September 2026³⁰²	European Union	EU	IN FORCE	animal health
Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures³³	World Trade Organization	global	IN FORCE	trade
ISO 22000 food safety management³²	ISO	global	PUBLISHED · VOLUNTARY	food safety
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework³⁴	Convention on Biological Diversity	global	ADOPTED 2022	land and nature
Extended maternal, infant and young child nutrition targets to 2030¹	World Health Assembly	global	ADOPTED 2025	nutrition

Changed since 2024

The UN Statistical Commission adopted minimum dietary diversity for children and for women as SDG indicators in March 2025¹
WHO published global estimates of the burden of foodborne disease for 2000 to 2021 in 2026⁹
European Union antimicrobial-related import requirements for animal products took effect on 3 September 2026²

To watch in 2027

Application dates and scope of the EU deforestation regulation²⁹
The Codex strategic plan 2026 to 2031 and its work programme¹⁹
National plans to track the extended 2030 nutrition targets¹

6.8Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments

The review behind this edition covers food assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.

Review protocol

Question: What does the published evidence establish about the world’s food and agrifood systems and its couplings?
Sources searched: agency flagships; statistical releases; peer-reviewed crop, climate and food-system literature; regulator texts
Window: releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026
Selection: sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition
Next step: systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027

Table 6.5Peer-reviewed science and assessments
Reference	Type	Year	Role	Used for
Crippa et al.¹⁰	journal article	2021	supports	food-system emissions
Kornhuber et al.¹¹	journal article	2023	supports	concurrent low yields
Ray et al.¹⁶	journal article	2019	context	yield effects of observed climate change
Zhao et al.¹⁷	journal article	2017	context	temperature and crop yields
Gaupp et al.⁴⁰	journal article	2020	framework	simultaneous breadbasket failure
Willett et al.³⁷	journal article	2019	context	healthy and sustainable diets
Poore and Nemecek³⁸	journal article	2018	context	environmental effects of food
Springmann et al.³⁹	journal article	2018	context	food and planetary boundaries
IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land²⁰	assessment	2019	supports	land, food and emissions
IPCC AR6 Working Group II, food chapter³⁵	assessment	2022	context	impacts and adaptation

Table 6.6Institutional flagships
Reference	Issuer	Year	Role	Used for
State of Food Security and Nutrition 2026¹	FAO and partners	2026	supports	hunger, diets, cost
Information note on the 2026 Middle East conflict¹⁴	FAO	2026	supports	fertiliser and fuel
State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026¹²	FAO	2026	supports	aquatic foods
State of Food and Agriculture 2025²²	FAO	2025	supports	land degradation
State of Land and Water Resources 2025²³	FAO	2025	supports	irrigation
Food Outlook, June 2026²⁴	FAO	2026	supports	food import bill
Agrifood systems emissions brief²¹	FAO	2025	supports	emissions
OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2026 to 2035²⁷	OECD and FAO	2026	context	ten-year outlook
Global Land Outlook⁴²	UNCCD	2022	context	land
Food Systems Summit stocktake⁴¹	United Nations	2025	context	food-system policy

Table 6.7Statistics, prices and markets
Reference	Issuer	Year	Role	Used for
Food Price Index²	FAO	2026	supports	prices
Cereal Supply and Demand Brief³	FAO	2026	supports	supply and stocks
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates¹³	USDA	2026	supports	stocks and trade
Food Security Update⁶	World Bank	2026	supports	inflation and El Niño
Commodity Markets Outlook and prices⁷⁴⁶	World Bank	2026	context	commodity prices
World Development Indicators¹⁵	World Bank	2026	supports	structural series
El Niño/La Niña Update⁸	WMO	2026	supports	seasonal outlook
Food Waste Index Report²⁶	UNEP	2024	context	food waste
Export restrictions tracker⁴³	IFPRI	2026	context	trade policy
Market monitor⁴⁵	AMIS	2026	context	market transparency

Table 6.8Crises, health, animal disease and standards
Reference	Issuer	Year	Role	Used for
Global Report on Food Crises 2026⁴²⁸	GNAFC	2026	supports	acute food insecurity
Mid-year update⁵	GNAFC	2026	supports	funding and trend
Hunger Hotspots¹⁸	FAO and WFP	2026	supports	early warning
Famine classification analyses⁴⁴	IPC	2025	context	famine
Foodborne disease burden⁹	WHO	2026	supports	food safety
HPAI situation report 87²⁵	WOAH	2026	supports	animal disease
Codex Alimentarius¹⁹	FAO and WHO	2026	context	standards
Pollinators, pollination and food production³⁶	IPBES	2016	context	pollination
World Economic Outlook April 2026⁴⁷	IMF	2026	context	macro assumptions

Where the evidence agrees

Hunger and food insecurity have fallen for several years but remain above 2019 levels in number¹
Energy and fertiliser costs reach food prices quickly¹⁴²
Conflict is the main driver of acute food insecurity⁴¹⁸

Where it is unsettled

How long the 2026 input and shipping disruption lasts and how far input use falls¹⁴⁷
The share of anthropogenic emissions from food systems: 32% in 2023 (FAO), 34% in 2015 (EDGAR-FOOD) and 21 to 37% (IPCC)²¹¹⁰²⁰
The 2024 share of the analysed population in acute food insecurity: 22.7% in SOFI and 22.3% in the JRC summary of the same report¹⁴
Agriculture’s share of freshwater withdrawals: 71.0% in the World Bank series for 2022 and about 72% in the FAO report¹⁵²³

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

24FAO (ed.), Food Outlook: Biannual report on global food markets, June 2026 (food import bill chapter). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
2POST-CLOSE, context only: FAO (ed.), FAO Food Price Index, release of 2 October 2026 (September 2026 values). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
5Global Network Against Food Crises (ed.), Mid-Year Update of the 2026 Global Report on Food Crises, announcement of 21 September 2026 (data as of 31 August 2026). GNAFC, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
19FAO and WHO (eds.), Codex Alimentarius Commission, portal pages (strategic plan 2026 to 2031 and committee news). Codex Alimentarius, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
31UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law (General Food Law), Official Journal of the European Communities, 2002, cited from memory. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
29UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory; the publication site blocked access, and application dates were not checked. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
30UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products, Official Journal of the European Union, 2019, cited from memory; the 3 September 2026 date of the antimicrobial import requirements comes from the opened FAO Food Price Index release [2]. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
33UNVERIFIED, not opened: WTO, Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (1994), cited from memory. World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 1994. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
32UNVERIFIED, not opened: ISO 22000:2018, Food safety management systems: requirements for any organisation in the food chain. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
34UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, decision 15/4 (December 2022), cited from memory. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
1FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (eds.), The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2026 (published 21 July 2026; full report opened). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
9WHO (ed.), Food safety fact sheet, including the estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases 2000 to 2021 published in 2026. World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
10Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D. et al., Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions, Nature Food 2, 198 to 209, 2021 (open access, full text). Springer Nature. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
11Kornhuber, K. et al., Risks of synchronised low yields are underestimated in climate and crop model projections, Nature Communications, 2023 (open access, full text). Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
16Ray, D.K., West, P.C., Clark, M. et al., Climate change has likely already affected global food production, PLOS ONE 14(5), e0217148, 2019 (open access, full text). Public Library of Science. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
17Zhao, C. et al., Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 9326 to 9331, 2017 (abstract opened through Europe PMC; full text not opened). National Academy of Sciences. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
40UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gaupp, F. et al., Changing risks of simultaneous global breadbasket failure, Nature Climate Change 10, 54 to 57, 2020, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
37UNVERIFIED, not opened: Willett, W. et al., Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems, The Lancet 393, 447 to 492, 2019, cited from memory; the journal site blocked access. Elsevier. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
38UNVERIFIED, not opened: Poore, J. and Nemecek, T., Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers, Science 360, 987 to 992, 2018, cited from memory. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
39UNVERIFIED, not opened: Springmann, M. et al., Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits, Nature 562, 519 to 525, 2018, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
20IPCC (ed.), Climate Change and Land: Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, Summary for Policymakers (updated January 2020). IPCC, Geneva. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
35UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bezner Kerr, R. et al., Food, fibre, and other ecosystem products, in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 5. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
14FAO (ed.), Global Agrifood Implications of the 2026 Conflict in the Middle East: Impacts on energy and fertiliser trade, and food security, information note of 15 March 2026. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
12FAO (ed.), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026 (full report, June 2026). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2023 (stock status). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
22FAO (ed.), The State of Food and Agriculture 2025: Addressing land degradation across landscapes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
23FAO (ed.), The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2022 to 2023 (by indicator). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
21FAO (ed.), Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems: Global, regional and country trends, 2001 to 2023, FAOSTAT Analytical Brief 115 (October 2025). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
27UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD and FAO (eds.), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2026 to 2035 (June 2026); only the catalogue record was seen and no figure is used. OECD Publishing, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
42UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNCCD (ed.), Global Land Outlook, second edition. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Bonn. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
41UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations, Food Systems Summit +4 stocktake (2025), cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
3POST-CLOSE, context only: FAO (ed.), Cereal Supply and Demand Brief, release of 2 October 2026. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
13POST-CLOSE, context only: US Department of Agriculture (ed.), World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, WASDE-676, 9 October 2026. USDA, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
6DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), Food Security Update, October 2026 (data as of 16 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
7POST-CLOSE, context only: World Bank (ed.), Commodity Markets Outlook, October 2026, and monthly commodity price data (landing page opened, release of 3 November 2026; the outlook report itself was not opened). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
46UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: World Bank (ed.), Commodity Markets Outlook, October 2026, full report (fertiliser and food price projections); only the landing page [7] was opened. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
15DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, database queried through the public interface (last updated 2026-10-08): employment in agriculture, agricultural value added, agricultural land, cereal yield, fertiliser consumption and agricultural freshwater withdrawals. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023 to 2025 (by series). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
8WMO (ed.), El Niño/La Niña Update, August 2026 (factsheet). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
26UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNEP and WRAP (eds.), Food Waste Index Report 2024; the headline of 1.05 billion tonnes wasted in 2022 was taken from search-result summaries and is not used as a figure in any finding. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
43UNVERIFIED, not opened: IFPRI (ed.), Food and Fertilizer Export Restrictions Tracker; the page returned no content. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
45UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: AMIS (ed.), Market Monitor, October 2026; the page blocked access. Agricultural Market Information System, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
4European Commission Joint Research Centre (ed.), Global Report on Food Crises 2026, summary page on Knowledge for Policy (the report was released 24 April 2026 by FAO, WFP and the Global Network Against Food Crises; the summary page was opened, the report was not). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
28UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO, WFP and GNAFC (eds.), Global Report on Food Crises 2026 (full report, 24 April 2026); the report file could not be retrieved, and its totals are taken from the opened summary [4] and from SOFI [1]. Global Network Against Food Crises, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
18POST-CLOSE, context only: FAO and WFP (eds.), Hunger Hotspots 2026: FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity, June to November 2026 outlook (highlights page opened; report not opened). Global Network Against Food Crises, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
44UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPC (ed.), Integrated Food Security Phase Classification analyses for the Gaza Strip, the Sudan and Somalia; the site blocked automated access, and the findings are read from the opened GRFC summary and Hunger Hotspots page [4] [18]. IPC Global Support Unit, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
25WOAH (ed.), High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) Situation Report 87 (period covered September 2026). World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
36UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPBES (ed.), The assessment report on pollinators, pollination and food production, 2016, cited from memory. IPBES Secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
47UNVERIFIED, not opened: IMF (ed.), World Economic Outlook, April 2026; access was denied, and its growth assumptions are cited only as reported in SOFI [1]. International Monetary Fund, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this chapter

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Chapter 6: Readings from the other desks. In Global Food Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World’s Food and Agrifood Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-SECTOR-FOOD-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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