Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

12 min read0 figures7 tables30 notesNR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1ASEAN’s risk travels through shared seas, rivers and smoke
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Strong dry season: fire haze across the southern archipelago and the Malacca Strait
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Regional source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading: ASEAN by member country
    4. B.4 Atlas card: Southern ASEAN haze airshed
    5. B.5 ASEAN system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Eleven-state population700.3million2025Estimated1
Indonesia Human Development Index0.728index2023Reported4
Singapore Human Development Index0.946index2023Reported4
Indonesia population285.7million2025Reported1
Singapore population6.1million2025Reported1
Eleven-state output, current prices4.27US$ trillion2025Estimated2
Indonesia output, current prices1.45US$ trillion2025Reported2
Viet Nam real growth, projection8.4%2026Reported3
Eleven-state emissions excluding land use3,228.3Mt CO₂e2024Estimated5
Indonesia emissions excluding land use1,323.8Mt CO₂e2024Reported5
Indonesia fossil share of electricity85.1%2024Reported8
Renewables in regional primary energy15.6%2022Reported18
Fine-particle exposure, Myanmar35.1µg/m³2023Reported6
Earthquake deaths in Myanmar, at least3,791deaths2025Reported17
Viet Nam flood deaths, at least200deaths2025Reported16
Indonesia forest area50.7% of land2024Reported9
Ten-state cereal production234.2Mt2024Estimated11
Land-use emissionsNot boundMt CO₂en/aNOT BOUND5
Cross-border power flowsNot boundGWhn/aNOT BOUND20
Intra-ASEAN tradeNot boundUS$n/aNOT BOUND30
Final toll of the Senyar floodsNot bounddeathsn/aNOT BOUND25
Mekong dry-season flow indicatorNot boundm³/sn/aNOT BOUND35
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Regional source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3Regional source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Population and output123international statisticseleven states2025annualprofile
Human development4UN agencyeleven states2023annualprofile
Greenhouse gases5international statisticseleven states2024annualCLI
Electricity and renewables7818statistics and regional bodyeleven states2021–2024annualENE
Asia climate assessment16agency assessmentregion2025annualCLI
Earthquake record17agency recordMyanmar, Thailand2025eventCLI, INF
Haze alerts482324regional meteorological centreregion2025–2026continuousCLI, HLT
Water, land and health69101213international statisticseleven states2019–2025annualWAT, BIO, HLT
Agriculture and poverty1115international statisticseleven states2023–2025annualFOO
Disaster coordination21regional bodyregion2025–2026continuouscapacity

B.3Regional reading: ASEAN by member country

Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 2 member countries named in the series registry.

Selected populations, emissions and output125

285.7million

Indonesia

6.1million

Singapore

3,228Mt CO₂e

eleven-state emissions

4.27US$ trillion

eleven-state output

Table B.4Regional reading: ASEAN by member country
MemberPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Indonesiafloods and landslides in Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra in November 202525; peat and forest fire haze, with Sumatra at its highest July hotspot count in five years in 202523water, health, energypopulation 285.7 million; output US$1.45 trillion; emissions 1,323.8 Mt; fossil 85.1% of electricity1258
Singaporenot bound here · see the national edition47not boundpopulation 6.1 million; 8,329 people per km²; 106 m³ of renewable freshwater per person; fossil 94.3% of electricity181014
Reference group: other member statesearthquake in Myanmar and Thailand in March 202517; flooding in Viet Nam in 202516; no registry editionhealth, infrastructure, waternine states without a registry edition; eleven-state totals in125

B.4Atlas card: Southern ASEAN haze airshed

  • airshed
  • shared atmosphere
  • fire and smoke
  • members: Indonesia and Singapore
Systems in view
health, energy and water
Defining instruments
ASEAN haze agreement31; regional alert scale48
Couplings
CLI → HLT; CLI → ENE
Capability evidence
a regional meteorological centre issues alert levels48; performance not bound
Gaps
hotspot counts, daily smoke readings and hospital admissions by member
Agenda items
A-01 · A-04

The alert for southern ASEAN rose to Level 2 on 19 July 2025 [23]. It was issued at Level 3 on 26 August 2026 [48]. Smoke drifted from central Sumatra into Peninsular Malaysia and from western Kalimantan into Sarawak in July 2025 [23].

HAZARD

A seasonal fire cycle

Fine-particle exposure was 20.8 µg/m³ in Indonesia in 2023 [6]. Daily smoke readings by member are not bound; the monthly reviews show hotspot counts in charts only [23] [24].

HEALTH

Fine particles

A regional haze agreement and a regional meteorological centre exist [31] [48]. How far members act on alerts is not bound.

INSTITUTION

A shared agreement

B.5ASEAN system card

The card through which ASEAN appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5ASEAN system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Waterrenewable freshwater 106 m³ per person in Singapore, 25,190 m³ in Lao PDR10shared rivers into hydropower and farmingPARTIAL
Energyfossil fuels 85.1% of Indonesia’s electricity8coal dependence and grid stressPARTIAL
Foodabout 234.2 Mt of cereals in 202411drought, flood and smokeTHIN
Healthfine particles 35.1 µg/m³ in Myanmar6smoke and heat loadPARTIAL
Biodiversityforest 50.7% of Indonesia’s land9condition not boundTHIN

Context

Archetype
two registry members within an association of eleven states sharing seas, rivers and an airshed28
Population
700.3 million in the eleven states (2025)1; Indonesia 285.7 million; Singapore 6.1 million
Output
US$4.27 trillion at current prices in the eleven states (2025)2
Hazard
earthquake of March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar17

The member editions (Indonesia, Singapore) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.

MEMBER EDITIONS

Same findings, same IDs

ASEAN evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Regional evidence, sector reports

In the global edition ASEAN is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site22 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-REG-ASN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 1DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 4United Nations Development Programme (ed.), Human Development Report 2025: composite indices time series (Human Development Index, life expectancy, schooling, gross national income per capita, 2023 values for the ASEAN states). UNDP, New York. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 2DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 3DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook, October 2026: real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, GDP in US dollars and current account balance, DataMapper series for the ASEAN states (2025 estimates and 2026 and 2027 projections). IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 5World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 8World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 18ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 6World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 17United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) Earthquake: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 16World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Extreme heat and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 9World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 11World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 20POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 30UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 25Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and Landslide in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 35UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  17. 29POST-CLOSE, context only: Reports series (ed.), Editorial programme, 3 November 2026 (evidence rules and copy standard). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  18. 7World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable energy consumption share of final energy (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS) and renewable electricity output share (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021 (2022 for Lao PDR and Timor-Leste final energy). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  19. 48ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  20. 23ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  21. 24ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for December 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  22. 10World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  23. 12World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of stunting (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  24. 13World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  25. 15World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: poverty headcount at the international line (SI.POV.DDAY) and prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (undernourishment) and 2017 to 2025 (poverty, varies by state). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  26. 21POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  27. 47UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for Indonesia and Singapore (draft packs in preparation; no value taken from them). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  28. 14World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population share (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), population aged 65 and above, population density, population growth and urban population living in slums, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 (2022 for slums, 2024 for density). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  29. 31UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  30. 28Reports series (ed.), Series registry of subjects (federation registry; entries for REG-ASN, IDN and SGP read). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In ASEAN Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of ASEAN’s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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