Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

11 min read0 figures7 tables28 notesNR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Oceania-Pacific’s risk is set by ocean, coast and distance
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Cyclone and marine-heatwave season across the Coral Sea and nearby island coasts
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Regional source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading: Oceania-Pacific by member country
    4. B.4 Atlas card: South-West Pacific ocean basin
    5. B.5 Oceania-Pacific system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Australia population27.92million31 Mar 2026Reported1
Australia population, World Bank series27.19million2024Reported7
Papua New Guinea population10.58million2024Reported7
Pacific island small states population2.72million2024Reported7
Fiji population0.93million2024Reported7
Australia emissions excluding land use591.5Mt CO₂e2024Reported8
Australia emissions per person21.7t CO₂e2024Estimated8
Papua New Guinea emissions per person1.02t CO₂e2024Estimated8
Wind and solar share of Australian electricity33%2025Reported28
Electricity access, Papua New Guinea20.5%2023Reported14
Electricity access, Pacific island small states88.9%2023Reported14
Marine heatwave area40million km²2024Reported18
Pacific islanders at risk of displacement, at least50,000people a year2024Reported18
Water consumed, Australia17,223GL2023–24Reported4
People undernourished, Papua New Guinea29.7%2023Reported13
Marine area protected, Australia45.4%2024Reported11
Sea-level rise rate, South-West PacificNot boundmm a yearn/aNOT BOUND17
Pacific island electricity mix after 2021Not bound%n/aNOT BOUND45
Murray-Darling Basin storageNot bound%n/aNOT BOUND49
Heat-related deaths, AustraliaNot bounddeathsn/aNOT BOUND50
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Regional source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3Regional source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Population127national statistics and indicator databaseAustralia, reference series2024–2026quarterly and annualprofile
Emissions830indicator database and agencyAustralia, reference series2024–2026annual and quarterlyCLI
Electricity101428indicator database and think tankAustralia, reference series2021–2025annualENE
Regional climate171819agency assessmentregion2024annualCLI
Water414national statisticsAustralia, Fiji2022–2024annualWAT
Food and health31213statistics and indicator databaseAustralia, reference series2022–2024annualFOO, HLT
Protected areas1115indicator databaseAustralia, reference series2022–2024annualBIO
Regional strategy20212223regional bodyForum members2022–2026periodicpolicy

B.3Regional reading: Oceania-Pacific by member country

Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 1 member countries named in the series registry.

Member population1

27.92million

Australia

Table B.4Regional reading: Oceania-Pacific by member country
MemberPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Australiawarmest-year and marine-heatwave signals for the South-West Pacific18; national hazard assessment issued24water, energy, climatepopulation 27.92 million; emissions 591.5 Mt; wind and solar 33%; 22.0% of land and 45.4% of sea protected182811; national edition in preparation55

B.4Atlas card: South-West Pacific ocean basin

  • basin
  • shared ocean system
  • coast, reef and fisheries
  • reference group: Pacific Islands Forum
Systems in view
ocean heat, coasts, power and food
Defining instruments
2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent20; Paris Agreement37
Couplings
CLI → INF → FIN; CLI → WAT → FOO
Capability evidence
a regional forum with 18 members exists22; performance not bound
Gaps
sea-level rate, cyclone losses and reef condition
Agenda items
A-01

The WMO assessment reports marine heatwaves over about 40 million km² and a record-warm year in the South-West Pacific in 2024 [18]. Basin-wide sea-level series are not bound.

OCEAN

A shared ocean system

More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast [18]. Coastal population by country is not bound.

COAST

Where people live

Source: utility and regulator records. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close. The World Bank access series is in the dashboard [14].

POWER

Access and fuel

B.5Oceania-Pacific system card

The card through which Oceania-Pacific appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5Oceania-Pacific system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
WaterAustralia used 17,223 GL in 2023–244; access outside Fiji not bound14drought into farming and townsPARTIAL
Energywind and solar 33% in Australia28; access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea14fuel and grid accessPARTIAL
Foodundernourishment 29.7% in Papua New Guinea13cyclone and drought damageTHIN
Healthlife expectancy 81.1 and 85.1 years in Australia3heat and chronic disease loadPARTIAL
Biodiversity45.4% of Australian sea area protected11condition not boundTHIN

Context

Archetype
one registry member beside a wider group of island states, linked by an ocean basin
Population
27.92 million in Australia (31 March 2026)1; Papua New Guinea 10.58 million7
Economy
GDP per person US$64,610 in Australia and US$4,528 in the Pacific island small states, 20249
Hazard
2024 the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific18

The member editions (Australia) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.

MEMBER EDITIONS

Same findings, same IDs

Oceania-Pacific evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Regional evidence, sector reports

In the global edition Oceania-Pacific is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-REG-OCP-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 1Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 7DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 8DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 28DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 14World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 18World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and sea-level rise threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 °C above 1991–2020, about 40 million km² of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 4Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023–24 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 13World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 11World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 17World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 45UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (not read; the IRENA host returned 403). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 49UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 50UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (ed.), Australia’s Health 2024 (the AIHW host returned 403). AIHW, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 2Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Regional population, 2024–25 (released 31 March 2026; eight capital cities 18,750,888 at 30 June 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 30UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO₂e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 10World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  17. 19World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 report launch (event page; launch date 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  18. 3Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022–2024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022–24. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  19. 12World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  20. 15World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area and agricultural land (AG.LND.FRST.ZS, AG.LND.AGRI.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  21. 20Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023–2030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  22. 21Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent: thematic areas (seven areas; 18 members). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  23. 22Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  24. 23Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025–2030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  25. 24Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia’s first National Climate Risk Assessment Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  26. 55S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Edition 2026 for Australia (draft; the specification and edition notes were read, not the built pack). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  27. 37UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), Paris Agreement. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  28. 9World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Oceania-Pacific Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Oceania-Pacific’s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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