Skip to content

Reports · GCRI · Country profile

Russian Federation 2026

Federação da Rússia

The Russian Federation enters 2027 as a large continental economy whose energy, forest and permafrost sistemas are central to its climate position, and whose official data releases have narrowed. Its second nationally determined contribution sets net emissions in 2035 at 65 to 67% of the 1990 level, with removals by forests counted, against a 1990 net base of 2,427.2 Mt CO₂e.

Read the editionExposição a ameaças
Constatações
12
each with its status and source
Sectors with findings
6 of 6
on the sector hexagon
Risk objects
4
order carries no rank
Fontes
50
Evidence close 30 September 2026

01 · Readings

Russian Federation in six readings.

Six readings that frame the Russian Federation baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.

  • 146.0millionpopulation, 1 January 2025, Rosstat preliminary [23]
  • 17.8%aged 65 or over, 2025 [13]
  • 2,427Mt CO₂e1990 net base year in the NDC [1]
  • 1,166TWhelectricity generation, 2025 [8]
  • 50.8%forest share of land, 2024 [15]
  • ≤2.5%prevalence of undernourishment, 2024 [19]

02 · Sectors

Six sectors, one hexagon.

Water first, then Energy, Infrastructure, Food, Health and Biodiversity. Each count is the findings of this edition in that sector: coverage of the evidence, never a score.

  1. WATÁgua1 finding

    76.3% People using safely managed drinking water, 2024. Declarado

    Abundant freshwater per person; spring floods; dam safety shown at Orsk in 2024.

  2. ENEEnergia1 finding

    1,166 TWh Electricity generation in the unified system, 2025. Declarado

    Gas-heavy primary energy; thermal power above 57%; large fossil exports.

  3. INFinfraestrutura1 finding

    Permafrost thaw reaches northern infrastructure; condition not bound.

  4. FOOAlimentação1 finding

    141.2 Mt Grain harvest, Rosstat series excluding new regions, 2025. Declarado

    Grain harvest 141.2 Mt in 2025; undernourishment at the reporting floor.

  5. HLTSaúde2 findings

    73.4 years Life expectancy at birth, 2024. Declarado

    Ageing population; national health series narrowed from 2025.

  6. BIOBiodiversidade1 finding

    8.6 % of territory Terrestrial and marine protected areas, 2025. Declarado

    Forest on 50.8% of land; protected share 8.6%; fire and thaw pressure.

Outside the six sectors: Climate forcing 2, SEI 1, Systemic 1, Trade 1.

03 · Hazard exposure

The hazards this edition reads.

The edition’s own risk objects, in its order, each read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and horizon. The hexagon marks the sectors the cascade reaches; the domain beside each is an editorial reading of its hazard words.

  • RSK-RUS-CLI-001

    Heat, drought and wildfire in grain and forest regions

    DeclaradoEQL 3

    Fator
    record-warm years and seasonal extremes
    Exposição
    grain land, forest, cities downwind of smoke
    Vulnerabilidade
    sink loss and crop loss in the same season
    Capacidade
    forest fire monitoring; not reviewed in depth
    Cascata
    CLI → FOO, BIO, HLT, ENE
    Horizonte
    anual

    Atmosfera e tempoSistemas hídricosTerras e ecossistemas

  • RSK-RUS-WAT-002

    Spring flood and dam failure on regulated rivers

    DeclaradoEQL 3

    Fator
    snowmelt and rain on frozen ground
    Exposição
    river towns below dams
    Vulnerabilidade
    design levels below event levels, as at Orsk
    Capacidade
    federal emergency regime; evacuation
    Cascata
    CLI → WAT → INF, HLT
    Horizonte
    anual

    Sistemas hídricos

  • RSK-RUS-INF-003

    Permafrost thaw under northern infrastructure

    InferredEQL 2

    Fator
    ground warming and Arctic amplification
    Exposição
    northern industry, pipelines, housing
    Vulnerabilidade
    foundation design; monitoring coverage
    Capacidade
    operator monitoring sistemas reported in the NDC
    Cascata
    CLI → INF → ENE, BIO
    Horizonte
    5 to 30 years

    No domain reading

  • RSK-RUS-ENE-004

    Cold extremes and export dependence of the energy system

    InferredEQL 2

    Fator
    temperature extremes; external demand and logistics
    Exposição
    power, heat supply, fossil exports
    Vulnerabilidade
    gas-heavy supply; northern heat supply
    Capacidade
    large installed base of 271 GW [8]
    Cascata
    TRD → ENE → FIN
    Horizonte
    1 to 5 years

    No domain reading

Scenario · SCN-RUS-HTD-01

Heat, drought and smoke in a grain and forest region

Under this scenario, results describe a conditional season under stated assumptions. It is not a forecast, and no intervention described here has been carried out.

3 of 12 findings name a hazard in their text. Show them

  1. 1CLI → FOOheat and drought cut yields in the grain belt
  2. 2CLI → BIOforest fire area grows; removals fall
  3. 3BIO → HLTsmoke reaches cities and raises respiratory demand
  4. 4CLI → ENEcooling demand raises peak load
  5. 5FOO → TRDharvest and export outlook change
  6. 6TRD → FINrevenue and prices respond

04 · Couplings

How the sectors carry risk into each other.

The Russian Federation matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core sistemas. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.

Coupling matrix, from row to column
DeWATENEFOOHLTBIO
WAT·StrongStrongModeradoStrong
ENEModerado·StrongStrongModerado
FOOModeradoWeak·StrongStrong
HLTWeakWeakModerado·Weak
BIOStrongModeradoStrongModerado·

Water: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Energy: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Food: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Health: 4 couplings out, 4 in; Biodiversity: 4 couplings out, 4 in. Infrastructure is not in the coupling matrix: none of the edition matrices types it, so it carries no value.

Cascade paths, in the edition’s order

  1. CLI → FOOheat and drought lower yields and raise export and price pressureInferred
  2. CLI → INFpermafrost thaw weakens foundations, tanks and pipelines in the northDeclarado
  3. CLI → WAT → INFspring flood overtops a dam and cuts housing and roadsDeclarado
  4. SEI → INFa great subduction sismo e tsunamis strike a remote coastDeclarado
  5. TRD → ENE → FINexternal demand and logistics shifts pass into energy and public revenueInferred

05 · Findings

Every finding of Russian Federation.

Search, filter by sector, system or status, and sort. The address bar keeps the view, so a filtered list can be shared. Every row opens the finding at its source.

All 12 findings

Findings of Russian Federation
IDEdiçãoSector or systemSituaçãoStatement
CLI-001Federação da RússiaCLI Climate forcing DeclaradoThe second NDC sets 2035 net emissions at 65 to 67% of the 1990 level, with removals by forests counted; the 1990 net base is 2,427.2 Mt CO₂e.
ENE-002Federação da RússiaENE Energia DeclaradoThermal plants produced 57.5% of electricity in the unified system in 2025, nuclear 18.7% and hydropower 16.7%; natural gas supplied 53% of primary energy in 2023.
CLI-003Federação da RússiaCLI Climate forcing Declarado2025 was the second-warmest year on record in Russia, +1.24 °C against the reference period, after 2020 at +2.03 °C.
BIO-004Federação da RússiaBIO Biodiversidade DeclaradoThe NDC reports forest fund land of more than 1.1 billion ha and average removals of 1.2 Gt CO₂e a year since 1990; a peer-reviewed study finds managed-forest biomass uptake 47% above the earlier national inventory.
SEI-005Federação da RússiaSEI SEI DeclaradoA magnitude 8.8 sismo struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on 29 July 2025 and generated a tsunamis; losses are not bound in this edition.
FOO-006Federação da RússiaFOO Alimentação DeclaradoThe 2025 grain harvest was 141.2 Mt, including 91.1 Mt of wheat, on the Rosstat series that excludes the new regions; the preliminary figure in December 2025 was 139.4 Mt.
HLT-007Federação da RússiaHLT Saúde Declarado17.8% of the population was aged 65 or over in 2025 and life expectancy was 73.4 years in 2024; monthly births and deaths were withdrawn from Rosstat releases in 2025.
HLT-008Federação da RússiaHLT Saúde Not boundHeat-attributable deaths are not bound: no national cause-of-death series was available at evidence close.
WAT-009Federação da RússiaWAT Água DeclaradoThe Orsk dam on the Ural River failed on 5 April 2024 when the river reached 9.6 m against a design level of 5.5 m; more than 7,700 people were evacuated across the Orenburg Region.
INF-010Federação da RússiaINF infraestrutura DeclaradoThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, and permafrost temperatures have risen globally; a fuel tank failure at Norilsk in 2020 released about 17,500 t of diesel.
TRD-011Federação da RússiaTRD Comércio InferredExports of crude oil, gas, coal and grain tie national income and supply to external demand and logistics; GDP growth was 4.9% in 2024 and 1.0% in 2025.
SYS-012Federação da RússiaSYS Sistêmico Expert inputThe leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a summer of heat and drought in a grain and forest region, with incêndios florestais smoke over cities and strain on power and health services.
The full ledger, without scripts

06 · Editions and calendar

The desks’ editions for Russian Federation.

The desks’ editions for Russian Federation
EscritórioEdiçãoSituaçãoIdentificador
GCRI Systems EvidenceRussian Federation 2026Drafted, in stewardship reviewNR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
GRF Public DeliberationPublic Deliberation: Russian Federation 2026Em preparação
GRA Capital ReadinessCapital Readiness: Russian Federation 2026Em preparação
Standards ProgressNo edition in the 2026 Baseline cycleNot in this cycle
Academy CapabilityNo edition in the 2026 Baseline cycleNot in this cycle
Index MeasurementMeasurement: Russian Federation 2026Em preparação

Calendar · 2026 Baseline

  1. 01Call opensset by the editor
  2. 02Contribution closeset by the editor
  3. 03Fecho das evidências30 September 2026
  4. 04Desk review and releaseset by the editor
  5. 05Collection compilationset by the editor
  6. 06Collection releaseset by the editor
  7. 07Correçõesafter release, as needed

Evidence cut NQ-RUS-2026-Q0-1. Next cycles: Q1 2027, Q2 2027, Q3 2027, Q4 2027; their dates are set by the editor.

07 · Take part

Read it, improve it, cite it.

Corrections log

Versions and corrections
VersãoDateSituaçãoVariaçãoNotice
NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0October 2026DRAFTBaseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,nenhum
Data gaps2What the repository does not hold yet, and the source proposed for each
Data gaps and proposed sources
LacunaShown here asProposed source
Exposure values per hazard (people, assets, hectares)the edition’s own risk objects, without valuesthe Index country profile once the Index releases values, risksindex.com/rus/
The NHS-1 hazard types and their assignment to this edition’s risk objectsan editorial reading of the hazard wordsthe NHS-1 type assignment through the Registry
RelatóriosContribuir

Send evidence or a correction on Russian Federation.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) sistemas Evidence do Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). O que você sabe sobre este tema pode se tornar evidência, um caso ou uma correção na próxima edição, com crédito para você e publicado sob CC BY 4.0 quando for obra sua. Se enviado à mesa errada, é encaminhado, não recusado.

Mesa de evidências de sistemas do GCRI

Nunca envie dados pessoais, detalhes sensíveis de infraestrutura nem nada que você não tenha o direito de compartilhar. Uma contribuição é revisada antes do uso. Enviá-la não confere autoria nem direitos editoriais, e o patrocínio nunca compra uma constatação.

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.